In recent years, there has been a growing interest in 3D printing technology within the field of bioengineering. This technology offers the ability to create devices with intricate macro- and micro-geometries, as well as specific models. It has parti...
Clinical reasoning enables veterinarians to make clinical decisions for individual patients by integrating clinical information with scientific evidence, knowledge of underlying disease processes, and case-specific circumstances. This review aimed to...
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a selective and reversible immunosuppressant agent that is widely used as a medication for a wide spectrum of diseases in humans such as graft versus host disease, non-infectious uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and a...
The sustained increase in bacterial resistance has driven the search for therapeutic alternatives that may help reduce antibiotic use, particularly in empirical treatments. In this context, topical ophthalmic antiseptics have emerged as effective and...
Cataracts are a prevalent cause of vision loss in dogs, and timely diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. This study aimed to develop and evaluate deep learning models to automatically classify canine cataracts from ocular ultrasound images....
Retinal diseases are characterized by progressive damage to retinal cells, leading to irreversible vision loss. Among these, glaucoma stands out as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease involving elevated intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion c...
Prolapsed nictitans gland (PNG) is an important ocular condition of dogs. Various surgical interventions have been described, but effective technique is currently considered to be a matter of personal clinician preference. The aim of this rapid revie...
Different breed-specific inherited cataracts have been described in dogs. In this study, we investigated an inbred family of Wirehaired Pointing Griffon dogs in which three offspring were affected by juvenile cataract. The pedigree suggested monogeni...
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is rarely recognized in large felids, yet it may cause severe vision loss and chronic pain. This case report presents the ophthalmological evaluation of a four-year-old Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) maint...
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical physiological indicator of ocular health in canines, felines, and equines, yet a precise, tool-independent baseline remains inconsistent in South American camelids. This study quantitatively evaluated the comp...
Pugs are highly predisposed to corneal disorders, such as brachycephalic ocular syndrome (BOS), due to their disproportionate skull, reduced corneal sensitivity and eyelid anomalies such as distichiasis, entropion and lagophthalmos. The risk of corne...
In the current context of emerging and spreading antimicrobial resistance in human and animal infections, new strategies need to be developed to improve the efficacy of commonly prescribed antibiotics and preserve more critical compounds for multi-dr...
Imaging diagnosis plays a fundamental role in avian medicine. However, there are few publications regarding its use in ophthalmology. Seabirds, in particular, present a peculiar ecology since their lives take place in very diverse environments: the a...
Adipose tissue, previously known as connective tissue with a role in energy storage, is currently changing the course of treatments in veterinary medicine. Recent studies have revealed one particularly impressive function among all the newly discover...
Clinical rotations are an integral part of the veterinary curriculum. Their effect on knowledge, skills and self-perception, however, has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a structured small animal clinical...
Cataracts are one of the leading causes of vision loss in dogs, significantly impairing their quality of life and visual behavior. Phacoemulsification, followed by intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, is currently the gold standard for visual rehabil...
The usage of canine amniotic membrane (cAM) is mainly of interest in veterinary ophthalmology. Topical formulations of cAM could deliver the beneficial properties of cAM without the need for surgical intervention. The present study aimed to investiga...
Treatment variation in medicine may be driven by evidence gaps, clinician factors, and patient preferences. Although well-documented in human medicine, variation in clinical management is relatively unexplored in veterinary practice. Clinical vignett...
Establishing baseline ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) measurements of the feline anterior segment is essential for accurate evaluation of ocular diseases. This study aimed to establish normative UBM parameters in clinically normal cats and to assess t...
Background/objectives: The continuous necessity to support biostrumental data with biolomecular data collected using non-invasive tools is influencing the world of ocular surface devices. The ocular imprint still represents a non-invasive and safety...
Platelet concentrates (PCs), including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are autologous blood-derived biomaterials containing numerous growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the initial healing effects of PRP gel an...
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening complication that affects virtually all diabetic patients. Various treatments have been attempted, but they have many side effects and limitations. Alternatively, stem cell therapy is bein...
Cataracts cause vision loss in rabbits, often either spontaneously or as secondary to uveitis. This study considers the ophthalmic presentation, treatment, and outcome of phacoemulsification in seven pet rabbits: six presenting with lens cloudiness a...
Sebaceous adenitis and concurrent meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were diagnosed in a two-year-old mongrel dog presenting with hypotrichosis, exfoliative dermatitis and blepharitis. Diagnosis of sebaceous adenitis was based on history, clinical sig...
Feline superficial non-healing corneal ulcers are persistent lesions requiring individualized treatment to reduce recurrence. This retrospective study evaluated 136 affected eyes (113 nonrecurrent; 23 recurrent) to identify clinical and treatment-rel...
This study was designed to determine the influence of microvesicles (MVs) derived from multipotent stromal cells isolated from human adipose tissue (hASCs) on retinal functionality in dogs with various types of retinal degeneration. The biological pr...
Corneal sequestrum, also known as corneal mummification or necrosis, is a common complication of corneal ulceration in cats, with brachycephalic and pure-bred cats being the most affected. This prospective clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficac...
Spinal arachnoid diverticulum is a fluid-filled dilation within the subarachnoid space that can result in compressive myelopathy, prompting investigation into optimal surgical management and outcomes. This retrospective study reviewed clinical record...
Background: Fanconi syndrome is a disorder of renal proximal tubule transport characterized by metabolic acidosis, amino aciduria, glucosuria, and phosphaturia. There are acquired and hereditary forms of this disorder. A late-onset form of Fanconi sy...
The cornea is essential for proper ocular function, yet its histological structure varies considerably among animal species. Of particular importance are the palisades of Vogt in the limbal region, as they serve as a niche for limbal epithelial stem...
A progressive neurological disorder was observed in a male neutered Weimaraner. Clinical signs included fecal incontinence, lethargy, moderate paraparesis, proprioceptive pelvic limb ataxia, falling, cognitive decline, incoordination, decreased inter...
Background/Objectives: A slowly progressive hereditary neurological disorder classified as degenerative encephalopathy (DE) occurs in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers. The disease is characterized by frequent episodes of pronounced involuntary mov...
American Staffordshire Terriers (ASTs) with a c.296G>A variant in ARSG develop progressive ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and neuronal accumulation of autofluorescent storage material. Human subjects with ARSG variants exhibit hearing loss and rod&nd...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) are emerging as a promising new drug for degenerative disease associated with diabetes. Recent studies have...
External otitis is one of the most common conditions in dogs to be presented to the veterinarian. Moreover, the disorder is often challenging to manage. The range and role of microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis are currently not fully underst...
Background/Objectives: Among the most common hereditary neurodegenerative disorders in people are the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders. For most cases of NCL, the genes containing the causative variants...
Post-operative endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus spp. progresses rapidly and often results in substantial and irreversible vision loss. Therefore, novel alternative treatments that are effective against enterococcal endophthalmitis are required....
To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against common pathogens associated with infectious keratitis in dogs and cats, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius (n = 20), Streptococcus (St.) canis (...
A 23-month-old neutered male dog of unknown ancestry presented with a history of progressive neurological signs that included anxiety, cognitive impairment, tremors, seizure activity, ataxia, and pronounced visual impairment. The clinical signs were...
Melanocytic neoplasia is the most common form of ocular tumour in cats, accounting for 67% of cases in an analysis of 2614 cases of primary ocular neoplasia. Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is by far the most common form of ocular melanocytic neo...
Background/Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that disrupts the ocular surface, causing tear film instability, epithelial damage, and chronic inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) are...
Numerous studies demonstrate the essential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases, as these cells are known to modulate humoral and cellular immune responses. In this manuscript, we efficiently p...
A 7-month-old Doberman Pinscher dog presented with progressive neurological signs and brain atrophy suggestive of a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. The dog was euthanized due to the progression of disease signs. Microscopic examination of tiss...
This report examines the successful recovery of a feline that presented with multiple complex fractures and dislocations involving the facial and cranial structures resulting from a traffic accident. Diagnostic CT imaging identified significant injur...
Canine multiple system degeneration (CMSD) is an early onset, progressive movement disorder affecting Kerry Blue Terriers and Chinese Crested dogs. The associated pathologic lesions include degeneration of the cerebellum, caudate nucleus, and substan...
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous inherited retinal disorder. Mutations in KIZ cause autosomal recessive (AR) RP. We aimed to characterize the genotype, expression pattern, and phenotype in a large cohort of KIZ cases. Sanger and whole exo...
Corneal opacification due to fibrosis is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Fibrosis occurs from many causes including trauma, photorefractive surgery, microbial keratitis (infection of the cornea), and chemical burns, yet there is a paucity of...
Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, with similarities to superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-associated ALS. Clinical signs of DM begin with asymmetric pelvic limb general proprioceptive ataxia and s...
Sporadic occurrence of inherited eye disorders has been reported in cattle but so far pathogenic variants were found only for rare forms of cataract but not for retinopathies. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and the genetic ae...
A 24-year-old Irish Cob mare was presented with a peripheral iris mass, which was surgically resected and diagnosed as an undifferentiated neuroepithelial tumor. A few months later, a relapse occurred with histological features characterized by a mor...
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