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Diagnostics
Special Issues
New Insights into the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Eye Diseases
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New Insights into the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Eye Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 2078

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rosa Giglio

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy
Interests: cataract surgery; intraocular lenses (IOLs); corneal diseases; astigmatism; dry eye; corneal surgical procedures (keratoplasty)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Daniele Tognetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Eye Clinic of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
Interests: vitreoretinal surgery; glaucoma surgery; corneal surgical procedures (keratoplasty); anterior and posterior segment diseases; eye trauma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, titled "New Insights into the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Eye Diseases", delves into the latest advancements and breakthroughs in understanding and managing ocular conditions. It brings together cutting-edge research, clinical case studies, and expert perspectives that highlight innovative diagnostic techniques, improved treatment modalities, and refined prognostic models. This Special Issue aims to empower healthcare professionals with the knowledge to enhance patient outcomes and drive progress in the field of eye care.

Dr. Rosa Giglio
Prof. Dr. Daniele Tognetto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • eye diseases
  • markers
  • clinical practice and patient care

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 451 KiB  
Article
Novel Handheld Device for Remote Monitoring of Dry Macular Degeneration and Patient Usability Assessment
by Angela C. Yim, Lyna Azzouz and Yannis M. Paulus
Diagnostics 2025, 15(11), 1353; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15111353 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 386
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A novel, handheld, standalone device using shape discrimination hyperacuity has been developed to remotely monitor age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: We clinically validated the device in an outpatient dry AMD population to evaluate its usability and comfort. A cross-sectional study was conducted [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: A novel, handheld, standalone device using shape discrimination hyperacuity has been developed to remotely monitor age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: We clinically validated the device in an outpatient dry AMD population to evaluate its usability and comfort. A cross-sectional study was conducted with subjects aged 50 years or older with dry AMD at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center outpatient clinic after approval from the UM IRB (HUM00187177). Subjects used the device and then completed a device survey and System Usability Scale (SUS). Results: Thirty-one subjects completed the study, and one subject withdrew post-study completion (mean age 77 years, STD 8 years). The mean testing time was 126 s (STD 56 s), and the median was 116 s. Most patients reported that the use of the device occurred for an acceptable duration (97%), was easy (97%), and was comfortable (90%). The mean SUS score was 77.7 (STD 11.9). Conclusions: A handheld, standalone device can provide a rapid, easy, and comfortable testing solution for patients with dry AMD. The usability of the device supports further clinical trials to demonstrate the device’s ability to reliably detect the progression of AMD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Eye Diseases)
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11 pages, 2429 KiB  
Article
Advancing Meibography Assessment and Automated Meibomian Gland Detection Using Gray Value Profiles
by Riccardo Forni, Ida Maruotto, Anna Zanuccoli, Riccardo Nicoletti, Luca Trimigno, Matteo Corbellino, Sònia Travé-Huarte, Giuseppe Giannaccare and Paolo Gargiulo
Diagnostics 2025, 15(10), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101199 - 9 May 2025
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Objective: This study introduces a novel method for the automated detection and quantification of meibomian gland morphology using gray value distribution profiles. The approach addresses limitations in traditional manual and deep learning-based meibography analysis, which are often time-consuming and prone to variability. [...] Read more.
Objective: This study introduces a novel method for the automated detection and quantification of meibomian gland morphology using gray value distribution profiles. The approach addresses limitations in traditional manual and deep learning-based meibography analysis, which are often time-consuming and prone to variability. Methods: This study enrolled 100 volunteers (mean age 40 ± 16 years, range 18–85) who suffered from dry eye and responded to the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire for scoring ocular discomfort symptoms and infrared meibography for capturing imaging of meibomian glands. By leveraging pixel brightness variations, the algorithm provides real-time detection and classification of long, medium, and short meibomian glands, offering a quantitative assessment of gland atrophy. Results: A novel parameter, namely “atrophy index”, a quantitative measure of gland degeneration, is introduced. Atrophy index is the first instrumental measurement to assess single- and multiple-gland morphology. Conclusions: This tool provides a robust, scalable metric for integrating quantitative meibography into clinical practice, making it suitable for real-time screening and advancing the management of dry eyes owing to meibomian gland dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Eye Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 1198 KiB  
Review
Circulating Cell-Free DNA as an Epigenetic Biomarker for Early Diabetic Retinopathy: A Narrative Review
by Boaz Li, Megan M. Yim, Yu Xuan Jin, Brendan K. Tao, Jim S. Xie, Michael Balas, Haaris Khan, Wai-Ching Lam, Peng Yan and Eduardo V. Navajas
Diagnostics 2025, 15(9), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15091161 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 986
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is typically asymptomatic in its early stages. Diagnosis typically relies on routine fundoscopy for the clinical detection of microvascular abnormalities. However, permanent retinal damage may occur well before clinical signs are appreciable. [...] Read more.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is typically asymptomatic in its early stages. Diagnosis typically relies on routine fundoscopy for the clinical detection of microvascular abnormalities. However, permanent retinal damage may occur well before clinical signs are appreciable. In the early stages of DR, the retina undergoes distinct epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. Recent evidence supports unique epigenetic ‘signatures’ in patients with DR compared to non-diabetic controls. These DNA ‘signature’ sequences may be specific to the retina and may circulate in peripheral blood in the form of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). In this review, we explore the literature and clinical application of cfDNA sampling as an early, non-invasive, accessible assessment tool for early DR detection. First, we summarize the known epigenetic signatures of DR. Next, we review current sequencing technologies used for cfDNA detection, such as magnetic bead-based enrichment, next-generation sequencing, and bisulfite sequencing. Finally, we outline the current research limitations and emerging areas of study which aim to improve the clinical utility of cfDNA for DR evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Eye Diseases)
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