Recurrent vs. Nonrecurrent Superficial Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers in Cats: A Multifactorial Retrospective Analysis
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Ethical Approval
2.2. Case Selection and Data Collection
2.3. Classification of Cases
2.4. Ophthalmic Examination and Treatment Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
FHV-1 | feline herpesvirus type 1 |
NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
SD | standard deviation |
References
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Parameters | Nonrecurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers | Recurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers |
---|---|---|
No. of patient | 101 (83.5%) | 20 (16.5%) |
No. of eyes | 113 (83.1%) | 23 (16.9%) |
Lesion in 1 eye | 89 (88.1%) | 17 (85.0%) |
Lesion in 2 eyes | 12 (11.8%) | 3 (15.0%) |
Age (years) | 5.1 ± 4.6 | 7.2 ± 4.3 * |
Gender | ||
Male | 57 (56.4%) | 8 (40.0%) |
Female | 44 (43.5%) | 12 (60.0%) |
Non-brachycephalic cat | 55 (54.5%) | 12 (60.0%) |
Brachycephalic cat | 46 (45.5%) | 8 (40.0%) |
Breed | ||
Domestic Shorthair | 45 (44.6%) | 10 (50.0%) |
Persian | 25 (24.8%) | 5 (25.0%) |
British Shorthair | 10 (9.9%) | 1 (5.0%) |
Exotic Shorthair | 9 (8.9%) | 1(5.0%) |
American Wirehair | 4 (4.0%) | - |
Maine Coon | 4 (4.0%) | - |
Scottish Fold | 2 (2.0%) | 1 (5.0%) |
Himalayan | 1 (1.0%) | - |
Bengal | 1 (1.0%) | - |
Ragdoll | - | 2 (10.0%) |
Body weight (kg) | 4.20 ± 1.54 | 4.77 ± 1.50 |
Parameters | Nonrecurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers | Recurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Healing time (days) | |||
Debridement | 25.5 ± 23.1 (N = 88) | 32.3 ± 34.4 (N = 20) | 0.272 |
Diamond burr | 47.5 ± 27.6 (N = 12) | 14 (N = 1) | - |
Debridement + Surgery | 50.5 ± 27.6 (N = 13) | 54.5 ± 8.5 (N = 2) | 0.694 |
Healing time after surgery (days) | 19.13 ± 13.13 (N = 13) | 29.5 ± 19.09 (N = 2) | 0.580 |
Number of cats with corneal sequestrum (95%CI) | 12 (5.94–16.30%) | 3 (−0.72–26.81%) | 0.735 |
Exotic Shorthair | 5 | - | - |
Persian | 3 | - | |
Domestic Shorthair | 2 | 2 | - |
American Wirehair | 1 (2 eyes) | - | - |
Ragdoll | - | 1 | - |
Day found sequestrum after debridement | 17.6 ± 14.8 (N = 10, 8.8%) | 19.3 ± 15.0 (N = 3, 13.04%) | 0.871 |
Day found sequestrum after diamond burr | 13.0 ± 7.0 (N = 2, 1.77%) | - | - |
Treatment Methods | Nonrecurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers N (95% CI) | Recurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers N (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Debridement | 88 (70.2–85.5%) | 20 (73.2–100.0%) | 0.326 |
Diamond burr | 12 (4.9–16.3%) | 1 (−4.0–12.7%) | 0.351 |
Debridement + Surgery | 13 (5.6–17.4%) | 2 (−2.8–20.2%) | 0.695 |
Medications | Nonrecurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers, N (%) | Recurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers, N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial tear drops | |||
Yes | 106 (93.8%) | 22 (95.6%) | 1.000 |
No | 7 (6.2%) | 1 (4.4%) | |
Autologous serum eye drops | |||
Yes | 2 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
No | 111 (98.2%) | 23 (100.0%) | |
Oral NSAIDs | |||
Yes | 46 (40.7%) | 7 (30.4%) | 0.351 |
No | 67 (59.3%) | 16 (69.6%) | |
Oral lysine | |||
Yes | 30 (26.5%) | 11 (47.8%) | 0.049 |
No | 83 (73.5%) | 12 (52.2%) | |
Oral famciclovir | |||
Yes | 3 (2.6%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.016 |
No | 110 (97.4%) | 19 (82.6%) | |
Oral antibiotics | |||
Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 6 (5.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.285 |
Doxycycline | 43 (38.1%) | 8 (34.8%) | |
No antibiotics | 64(56.6%) | 15 (65.2%) |
Concurrent Disease | Nonrecurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers N (95% CI) | Recurrent Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers N (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Viral infection | 7 (1.8–10.6%) | 7 (11.6–49.2%) ** | <0.001 |
Renal disease | 5 (0.6–8.2%) | 3 (0.7–26.8%) | 0.109 |
Endocrine/Metabolic disorders | 4 (0.1–6.9%) | 1 (−4.0–12.7%) | 0.851 |
Neoplasia/Mass | 4 (0.1–6.9%) | 2 (−2.8–20.2%) | 0.272 |
Bacterial/Fungal infections | 3 (−0.3–5.6%) | 3 (−0.7–26.8%) * | 0.027 |
Neurological disease | 3 (−0.3–5.6%) | 1 (−4.0–12.7%) | 0.661 |
Gastrointestinal/Hepatic diseases | 2 (−0.7–4.2%) | 0 | 0.520 |
Trauma | 2 (−0.7–4.2%) | 0 | 0.520 |
Total (with concurrent diseases) | 30 (18.4–34.7%) | 17 (11.6–49.2%) | 0.703 |
No concurrent disease | 83 (65.3–81.6%) | 6 (8.1–44.0%) ** | <0.001 |
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Rujirekasuwan, N.; Sattasathuchana, P.; Sritrakoon, N.; Thengchaisri, N. Recurrent vs. Nonrecurrent Superficial Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers in Cats: A Multifactorial Retrospective Analysis. Animals 2025, 15, 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15142104
Rujirekasuwan N, Sattasathuchana P, Sritrakoon N, Thengchaisri N. Recurrent vs. Nonrecurrent Superficial Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers in Cats: A Multifactorial Retrospective Analysis. Animals. 2025; 15(14):2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15142104
Chicago/Turabian StyleRujirekasuwan, Nuanwan, Panpicha Sattasathuchana, Natthanet Sritrakoon, and Naris Thengchaisri. 2025. "Recurrent vs. Nonrecurrent Superficial Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers in Cats: A Multifactorial Retrospective Analysis" Animals 15, no. 14: 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15142104
APA StyleRujirekasuwan, N., Sattasathuchana, P., Sritrakoon, N., & Thengchaisri, N. (2025). Recurrent vs. Nonrecurrent Superficial Non-Healing Corneal Ulcers in Cats: A Multifactorial Retrospective Analysis. Animals, 15(14), 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15142104