An important body of quantitative linguistics is constituted by a series of statistical laws about language usage. Despite the importance of these linguistic laws, some of them are poorly formulated, and, more importantly, there is no unified framewo...
The growing demands on compact and high-definition single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays have motivated researchers to explore pixel miniaturization techniques to achieve sub-10 μm pixels. The scaling of the SPAD pixel size has an impact on key...
The law of urban scaling implies that there is a universally applicable nonlinear scaling relationship between population size and urban indicators, which is a method of quantitative analysis that can reflect the growth law and internal logic of the...
Urban resilience, as an emerging research focus in urban studies, is the capability of an urban system to adapt to the uncertainties and disturbances faced by modern cities. Numerical characterization of an urban system’s resilience can be perf...
Accurate characterization of soil hydraulic conductivity influenced by temperature under a centrifugal environment is important for hydraulic and geotechnical engineering. Therefore, a temperature-influenced scaling law for hydraulic conductivity of...
Rapid urban expansion caused by vigorous urban population growth brought up various socioeconomic and eco-environmental problems, which have important ramifications for sustainable development across the world. Along with the accelerated urbanization...
Two modeling approaches, the scaling-law and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approaches, are presented in this paper. To save on experimental cost of the pilot plant, the scaling-law approach as a low-computational-cost method was adopted and a sm...
Gelation through the liquid-liquid contact between a polymer solution and a gelator solution has been attempted with various combinations of gelator and polymer solutions. In many combinations, the gel growth dynamics is expressed as X∼t, where X...
It was recently studied how to achieve the optimal degrees of freedom (DoF) in a multi-antenna full-duplex system with partial channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we revisit the DoF of a multiple-antenna full-duplex system using opportuni...
We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the properties of electromagnetic waves propagation and localization in periodic and quasi-periodic stub structures of Fibonacci type. Each block constituting the Fibonacci sequence (FS) is compose...
Radiative natural convection is of vital importance in the process of energy storage, power generation, and thermal storage technology. As the attenuation coefficients of many heat transfer media in these fields are high enough to be considered as op...
We present a modeling study of photoinitiated polymerization in a thick polymer-absorbing medium using a focused UV laser. Transient profiles of the initiator concentration at various focusing conditions are analyzed to define the polymerization boun...
5 December 2022
Studying the spatial-temporal distribution industrial sprawl in China is important to solve industrial sprawl problems and promote urban sustainable development. This paper constructed a multi-level spatial analysis of the Chinese industrial sprawl d...
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from roadways, which converts ambient vibration energy of roads into electric energy, has a wide range of potential applications in intelligent transportation systems. On-site open-traffic tests revealed that energy ha...
The accurate and timely estimation of earthquake magnitude is essential for effective tsunami early warning, particularly in seismically active regions such as Indonesia. Conventional seismic approaches are often hindered by magnitude saturation in s...
In the development of large wireless networks, scaling law studies can provide fundamental insights. For example, is it possible to build an arbitrarily large wireless network without a wired infrastructure while maintaining a constant communication...
Ashby’s law of requisite variety allows a comparison of systems with their environments, providing a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for system efficacy: A system must possess at least as much complexity as any set of environmental beh...
Since the report by Fietz and Webb (Phys. Rev.1968, 178, 657–667), who considered the pinning force density, Fp→=Jc→×B→ (where Jc is the critical current density and B is applied magnetic flux density), in isotropic su...
The novel sub-stoichiometric copper oxide CuO0.75 was prepared via the slow oxidation of Cu2O. This compound retains the original crystallographic structure of tenorite CuO, despite the considerable presence of disordered oxygen vacancies. CuO0.75 re...
Internal mechanisms and laws exist in the evolution of cities, and the power law is widely applied in multiple areas in the real world. It is crucial to optimize the urban-scale systems through explanation studies of the urban-scale distribution patt...
Robustness of water distribution networks is related to their connectivity and topological structure, which also affect their reliability. Flow entropy, based on Shannon’s informational entropy, has been proposed as a measure of network redundancy an...
The Stellarator is a magnetic configuration considered a realistic candidate for a future thermonuclear fusion commercial reactor. The most widely accepted scaling law of the energy confinement time for the Stellarator is the ISS04, which employs a r...
The modeling of the cardiovascular system of mammals is discussed within the framework of governing allometric relations and related scaling laws for mammals. An earlier theory of the writer for resting-state cardiovascular function is reviewed and s...
This article investigates scaling laws within language families using data from over six thousand languages and analyzes emergent patterns observed in Zipf-like classification graphs. Both macroscopic (based on the number of languages by family) and...
The observed scaling properties in the three aftershock sequences of the recent strong earthquakes of magnitudes Mw 6.1, Mw 6.4 and Mw 6.7, which occurred in the Ionian island region on the 26 January 2014 (onshore Cephalonia Island), 17 November 201...
Numerical simulations were performed to rapidly predict and evaluate laser beam expansion caused by linear atmospheric transmission effects, such as turbulence and jitter, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the scaling law. Simulation results indicate...
This paper presents a spring-fiber bundle model used to describe the failure process induced by energy release in heterogeneous materials. The conditions that induce catastrophic failure are determined by geometric conditions and energy equilibrium....
Long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations were performed to estimate the actual physical nature of a united-atom model of polyethylene (PE). Several scaling laws for representative polymer properties are compared to theoretical predictions. Inter...
Public stigma toward psychological help-seeking is a critical barrier to mental health service utilization, particularly among university students in culturally conservative and academically demanding disciplines such as law. In China, where Confucia...
The transition from university to the workforce is a major developmental milestone that can generate significant psychological distress, especially for students in high-stakes professional programs such as law. Traditional measures of career-related...
Experimental analysis on small-scale models is widely used to predict the dynamic responses of full-scale structures subjected to impact loads. However, due to manufacturing constraints, achieving a perfectly scaled model under a large scaling factor...
Past work has demonstrated the value of a random walk theory (RWT) to solve multiple-scattering problems arising in numerous contexts. This paper’s goal is to investigate the application range of the RWT using Monte Carlo simulations and extending it...
In this review, we focus on the electrical conductivity of aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions in the light of the dynamic scaling laws, recently proposed by Dobrynin and Rubinstein, to take into account the polymer conformations in different concentra...
In 3D + time numerical simulations, we study the wavelength scaling law for the energy of terahertz (THz) radiation emitted from a two-color femtosecond filament, which forms during cofocusing into air the fundamental and second harmonics of the lase...
7 April 2022
Urban scaling law provides a quantitative understanding of the fundamental nonlinear properties of how cities work. Addressing this, this study intended to examine the potential scaling law that may lie in urban air pollution. With ground-monitored P...
In order to clarify the water invasion law and residual gas distribution characteristics in edge and bottom water gas reservoirs with multi-well development, a large-scale three-dimensional physical simulation model was developed and a physical simul...
The shock effects in laser shock processing of NiTi shape memory alloy were studied by dimensional analysis and finite element simulation. The essential dimensionless parameters controlling the residual stress distribution and plastically affected de...
In a recent experimental study of indentation creep, the strain rate sensitivity (SRS) and activation volume v* have been noticed to be dependent on the indentation depth or loading force for face-centered cubic materials. Although several possible i...
This paper reports experimental and theoretical result derived from research on steel structural elements’ fire-protection with intumescent paint. The experimental results were obtained by means of an original testing bench, briefly described below a...
Size-dependent functionally graded material thin plate buckling and post-buckling problems are considered using the framework of the MCST (Modified Couple Stress Theory). Based on modified couple stress theory and power law, the post-buckling deflect...
Urban growth has evolved from cities to metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations, exhibiting a multi-scale pattern. Urban scaling law can reflect the nonlinear relationship between urban indicators and population size, which is very important for...
This paper presents so-called thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which are considered thermal engines that transform heat into electricity using the Seebeck effect for this purpose. By using linear irreversible thermodynamics (LIT), it is possible to...
Similarity laws of scaled models of offshore platform deck structures under low velocity impact loading are proposed in the present research. The similarity laws of scaled models with different scaling factors are established in forms of dimensionles...
Hosting more than half of the world population, cities are currently responsible for two thirds of the global energy use and three quarters of the global CO2 emissions related to energy use. As humanity becomes more urbanized, urban systems are becom...
The jetting phenomenon associated with droplet impact upon a hydrophilic micropillared substrate was analyzed in detail using a high-speed camera. Viscosities of the fluids were varied using differing concentrations of glycerol in deionized water. Th...
Fully or partially sealing the openings of tunnels to accelerate the self-extinction of fires provides a promising firefighting tactic to beat large fires in a long tunnel. So far, most experimental studies on the characteristics of fire with differe...
Gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns and gas slug hydrodynamics were experimentally studied in three Y-junctions with different junction angles of 60°, 90° and 120°. Microbubbles were generated in the sodium alginate aqueous solution with t...
On the basis of a general action principle, we revisit the scale invariant field equation using the cotensor relations by Dirac (1973). This action principle also leads to an expression for the scale factor λ, which corresponds to the one deri...
Machine learning-based image recognition is employed to investigate the annihilation dynamics of umbilic defects induced in systems of nematic liquid crystals doped with nanoparticles. A machine learning methodology based on a YOLO algorithm is train...
The complex jet-ground interactions of Short Take-off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft are critical to flight safety and performance, yet studying them with traditional full-scale wind tunnel tests is prohibitively expensive and time-consuming,...
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