The energy efficiency of high-temperature batch aggregates largely depends on the modes of their heating and cooling. The modes of heating and cooling of aggregates in which thermal stress does not exceed the critical values of the ultimate strength...
Organization of environmentally-friendly production of refractory materials based on the principles of cost-effective use of energy and material resources through use of energy-saving technologies and replacement of natural raw materials with industr...
Various designs of furnaces for melting alloys are used in the foundry industry. Regardless of their design, they have one common detail, which is the lining of their interiors with refractory materials. This component in the design of a metal-meltin...
Refractory materials are basic materials widely used in industrial furnaces and thermal equipment. Their microstructure is similar to that of many heterogeneous high-performance materials used in micro/nanodevices. The presence of damage can reduce t...
The article is devoted to the study of the properties of the obtained heat-insulating refractory materials, based on fireclay scrap of various fractions (2.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.1 mm) using a complex of mineral and oxide additives. The fillers...
Corrosion of refractory materials in NaCl–KCl melts is a major issue affecting the service life of linings in aluminum metallurgy, where these salts serve as the basis for covering and refining mixtures. The aim of this study was to comprehensi...
The purpose of this work is to simulate the powder compaction of refractory materials, using the discrete element method (DEM). The capability of two cohesive contact models, implemented in different DEM packages, to simulate the compaction of a mixt...
As a kind of renewable resource, biomass has been used more and more widely, but the potassium contained in biomass can cause corrosion of the refractory. For a better understanding of corrosion thermodynamic mechanisms, the five components of common...
Influence of particle size on the mechanical strength of alkali activated material from waste refractory monolithic was investigated in this study. Precursor was chemically and mineralogically analysed, separated on 4 fractions and alkali activated w...
This study addresses the corrosion problem of refractory materials during high-temperature molten treatment of pharmaceutical waste salt, and systematically investigates the interface behavior and corrosion mechanism of MgO-based refractory materials...
Magnesia-dolomite refractories have emerged as sustainable alternatives to traditional carbon- or chromium-containing linings in steelmaking and cement industries. Their outstanding thermochemical stability, high refractoriness, and strong basic slag...
The risk of environmental accumulation of aluminum ash and red mud is increasing, emphasizing the demand for high-value utilization. In this study, the conversion of aluminum ash and red mud into porous refractory materials with good thermal insulati...
The ceramic and refractory industries are undergoing a progressive transition toward more sustainable and resource-efficient manufacturing systems driven by increasing environmental regulations, rising energy demands, and the need to reduce dependenc...
Slags from the historic metallurgy of Zn-Pb ores are known for unique chemical and phase compositions. The oxides, silicates, aluminosilicates, and amorphous phases present therein often contain in the structure elements that are rare in natural cond...
Using machine learning models, this study innovatively introduces multi-element compositions to optimize the performance of spinel refractories. A total of 1120 spinel samples were fabricated at 1600 °C for 2 h, and an experimental database conta...
Anodic sludges generated in the production of aluminum profiles pose both an environmental and economic problem due to their accumulation in municipal landfills. This study investigates their valorization as a raw material for industry through leachi...
Chemical resistance of commercial refractory raw materials against Cu slag is critical to consider them as candidates for the production of refractories used in Cu metallurgy. In this study, we show the comparative results for the corrosion resistanc...
Products of the refractory industry are key for the production of heavy industry goods such as steel and iron, cement, aluminum and glass. Corresponding industries are dependent on thermal processes to manufacture their products, which in turn would...
The partial replacement of primary raw materials for the production of refractories with recycled ones gains in importance, as it contributes to the conservation of natural resources, energy saving, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In this...
Corundum–mullite refractory material is an important material in rotary kiln incinerators due to its excellent properties, e.g., high temperature stability and chemical resistance, etc. However, in the process of use, the complexity of the sint...
This study presents the development of a novel alumina-based ceramic composite designed for refractory applications in auxiliary components of sintering furnaces. The innovative concept relies on a three-phase microstructural architecture: a fine-gra...
With pleasure, we present this Special Issue of Materials, titled “Design, Manufacturing and Properties of Refractory Materials” [...]
Nowadays, huge amounts of refractory materials are generated around the world. The majority of them lack valorization methods. This study analyzes the ability of a doloma and two magnesia spent refractory wastes as soil stabilizers on their own, as w...
The global reliance on coal-fired power generation continues to produce vast quantities of fly ash, exceeding 500 million tons annually, with limited recycling rates. Given its high silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) contents, fly ash represents a pro...
Coatings based on refractory metals and compounds have been used in various industries since the last century due to their high thermal and heat resistance, as well as their excellent mechanical and tribological properties. Advances have made it poss...
A deposit of raw kaolin, located in West Andalusia (Spain), was studied in this work using a representative sample. The methods of characterization were X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size analysis by sieving and sediment...
Utilizing spent refractory material (SRM), generated after the overhaul of aluminum electrolytic cells, as a raw material for producing Al-Si alloys presents an efficient approach towards achieving full resource utilization of SRM. However, a bottlen...
24 October 2022
In the field of environmental science and engineering, microorganisms, enzymes and algae are promising biomass materials that can effectively degrade pollutants. However, problems such as poor environmental adaptability, recycling difficulties, and s...
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are categorized as difficult-to-machine materials due to their excellent mechanical properties. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a special processing method for RHEAs, which faces challenges such as low m...
The main problem affecting the life of refractory linings in furnaces is alkaline corrosion formed during biomass combustion, especially in systems with SiO2–Al2O3. This corrosion effect is very intensive compared to using conventional technolo...
Silicon carbide and silicon nitride materials were intensively studied in the end of the past century, yet some aspects of its physical chemistry require investigation. The strength characteristics of Si3N4-SiC refractories are moderate; however, the...
Incineration of high-content sodium salt organic waste liquid will corrode the refractory material in the incinerator, causing the refractory material to peel off and be damaged. A thermodynamics method was used to study the thermodynamic properties...
This study investigates the thermal shock behavior of three Al2O3-SiO2 commercial insulating refractory materials (JM23, JM26, and JM28) used in high-temperature industries (>1000 °C). Thermal shock resistance was evaluated through experimenta...
The lifetime of a blast furnace (BF), and, consequently, the price of steel, strongly depends on the degradation of micropore carbon refractory materials used as lining materials in the BF hearth. One of the major degradation mechanisms in the BF hea...
Coal fly ash and kaolin are ceramic compounds utilized as raw materials in the production of refractories. Fly ash is an environmental pollutant that emanates abundantly from coal thermal power plants. The management of the large amounts of fly ash p...
In recent years, research in the field of the sustainable production of refractory ceramics has become topical. Significant attention has been paid to the use of secondary raw materials for obtaining high-quality materials. The purpose of the current...
The recycling of used refractory materials in the heavy industry constitutes one of the significant environmental problems in the industry related to environmental and financial issues. This study proposes a multicriteria methodological frame to char...
The evolution of inclusions in low carbon Al killed steel during ladle refining of was studied based on industrial experiments, in which high basicity slag was used. The results showed that inclusions experienced the changes from Al2O3 → MgO-Al2...
In terms of its chemical composition, biomass is a very complex type of fuel. Its combustion leads to the formation of materials such as alkaline ash and gases, and there is evidence of the corrosive effect this process has on refractory linings, thu...
Masonry bricks and blocks are among the most widely used construction materials worldwide; however, their conventional production relies on energy-intensive firing processes and virgin raw materials, leading to significant environmental impacts. In r...
Identification of the factors influencing refractory lining wear and its residual thickness in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is a prerequisite for optimizing the steelmaking process. In this study, the factors that contribute significantly to the we...
The use of aluminum-rich clays and bauxites as refractory materials is common. Upon firing, these materials form mullite crystals in the shape of needles embedded in a siliceous and vitreous matrix, with mullite being responsible for the refractory p...
This review examines the degradation of refractory materials in aluminum reduction cells, focusing specifically on contamination caused by the cryolite-based bath. Aluminosilicate refractories, particularly Ordinary Refractory Bricks, play a vital ro...
The selection of refractory bricks significantly impacts the operational performance of brick structures in high-temperature environments. In this study, a coupled thermal stress model of a refractory brick structure was established and validated by...
Alumina-spinel refractory bricks, composed of 82 wt.% alumina and 18 wt.% MgAl2O4 spinel phases, are used in steel ladles due to their ability to resist chemical attack and thermal shock. Thermal shock resistance is determined, in part, by the therma...
This work aims to describe the interfacial interaction at the interface between refractory material and high-manganese (XT 720) and structural (11 523) steel using a wetting test up to 1600 °C. The contact angles were determined through the sessi...
An important element of the operation of high-temperature aggregates are modes that change over time. During these modes, maximum temperature changes are recorded in the cross-section of the lining of the aggregate. The difference in temperature lead...
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are composed of 5–35 at% of five or more elements, have high configurational entropy, do not form intermetallic compounds, and have a single-phase face-centered cubic structure or body-centered cubic structure. In par...
A long campaign life of the trough of the blast furnace (BF) is important for improving the BF operation efficiency, reducing the cost of blast furnace ironmaking, and bettering the working conditions of the casting yard. In this paper, a water cooli...
A fitting method capable of describing the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) data in all stages of crack propagation by a simple Forman-style analytical formula was developed. To demonstrate its robustness, this method was used to quantify the fractur...
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