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Crystals
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Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials
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Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 27410

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yang Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: nano-precipitate strengthened steel; high entropy alloy; mechanical properties; radiation effect; nuclear materials
Prof. Dr. Yuqiang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
Interests: aluminium alloy; microstructure; fatigue properties; deformation mechanisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With many of today’s emerging technologies, the primary emphasis is on the mechanical properties of the metallic materials used in the fields of ocean, air and aerospace, bridge and nuclear engineering. Because the mechanical property is an extremely important indicator to evaluate whether the materials can be applied in the above fields. Strength is the main indicator of the mechanical property. Different strengthening mechanisms, such as phase transformation strengthening, solid-solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, grain-boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and load transfer via the introduction of strong phases, can be used to achieve high strength/hardness. These strengthening methods accompany with various deformation mechanism, such as Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) and Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) et al. Achieving high strength-ductility synergy is a long-time challenge and becomes a topic of general interest.

This Special Issue will bring together high-quality research and review articles on preparation, microstructure, mechanical properties, and diverse applications of metallic materials. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Alloy design and preparation of metallic materials;
  • Microstructure characterization and mechanical properties of steel, high entropy alloy, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and magnesium alloy, et al.;
  • EBSD, TEM and APT;
  • Strengthening and deformation mechanisms.

We kindly invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Original research articles, perspectives and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Yang Zhang
Prof. Dr. Yuqiang Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • alloy design
  • microstructure characterization
  • mechanical properties
  • steel
  • high entropy alloy
  • aluminum alloy
  • titanium alloy
  • magnesium alloy
  • strengthening and deformation mechanism
  • EBSD
  • TEM
  • APT

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 9486 KiB  
Article
Wetting of Refractory Ceramics with High-Manganese and Structural Steel and Description of Interfacial Interaction
by Vlastimil Novák, Lenka Řeháčková, Silvie Rosypalová and Dalibor Matýsek
Crystals 2022, 12(12), 1782; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121782 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
This work aims to describe the interfacial interaction at the interface between refractory material and high-manganese (XT 720) and structural (11 523) steel using a wetting test up to 1600 °C. The contact angles were determined through the sessile drop method, and the [...] Read more.
This work aims to describe the interfacial interaction at the interface between refractory material and high-manganese (XT 720) and structural (11 523) steel using a wetting test up to 1600 °C. The contact angles were determined through the sessile drop method, and the results were put into context through degradation testing and the characterization of the interfacial interface by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The lowest resistance to molten steel was observed for chamotte materials, while the highest was observed for materials based on electrofused corundum. High-manganese steel was strongly erosive to the materials tested, with the wetting angle decreasing significantly from 10 to 103° with decreasing Al2O3 content (an increase of 2.4 to 59.4% corundum) in the refractories. Structural steel showed wetting angles from 103 to 127° for identical refractories. These results were consistent with the average erosion depth for Mn steel (0.2–7.8 mm) and structural steel (0–2.4 mm). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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14 pages, 4901 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pre-Oxidation on a Ti PVD Coated Ferritic Steel Substrate during High-Temperature Aging
by Maria-Rosa Ardigo-Besnard, Aurélien Besnard, Galy Nkou Bouala, Pascal Boulet, Yoann Pinot and Quentin Ostorero
Crystals 2022, 12(12), 1732; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121732 - 01 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
A PVD coating is often applied on the surface of metallic alloys to improve their high-temperature resistance. In the present work, a thin titanium layer (1.2 µm) was deposited by PVD on the surface of a stainless steel substrate before high-temperature exposure (800 [...] Read more.
A PVD coating is often applied on the surface of metallic alloys to improve their high-temperature resistance. In the present work, a thin titanium layer (1.2 µm) was deposited by PVD on the surface of a stainless steel substrate before high-temperature exposure (800 °C in ambient air). The underlying idea is that metallic Ti converts into Ti oxide (TiO2) during high-temperature aging at 800 °C, thereby slowing down the substrate oxidation. The stability of the coating with and without substrate pre-oxidation was investigated. Morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations were performed and completed by simulation of the film growth and measurement of the mechanical state of the film and the substrate. In the case of the sample that was not pre-oxidized, the oxidation of the steel was slowed down by the TiO2 scale but spallation was observed. On the other hand, when the steel was pre-oxidized, TiO2 provided more significant protection against high-temperature oxidation, and spalling or cracking did not occur. A combination of different kinds of stress could explain the two different behaviors, namely, the mechanical state of the film and the substrate before oxidation, the growing stress, and the thermal stress occurring during cooling down. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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12 pages, 5423 KiB  
Article
Wear Characterization of Laser Cladded Ti-Nb-Ta Alloy for Biomedical Applications
by Raj Soni, Sarang Pande, Santosh Kumar, Sachin Salunkhe, Harshad Natu and Hussein Mohammed Abdel Moneam Hussein
Crystals 2022, 12(12), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121716 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1309
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has started to unfold diverse fields of applications by providing unique solutions to manufacturing. Laser cladding is one of the prominent AM technologies that can be used to fulfill the needs of custom implants. In this study, the wear resistance [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) has started to unfold diverse fields of applications by providing unique solutions to manufacturing. Laser cladding is one of the prominent AM technologies that can be used to fulfill the needs of custom implants. In this study, the wear resistance of the laser cladded titanium alloy, Ti-17Nb-6Ta, has been evaluated under varied loads in Ringer’s solution. Microstructural evaluation of the alloy was performed by SEM and EDX, followed by phase analysis through XRD. The wear testing and analysis have been carried out with a tribometer under varied loads of 10, 15, and 20 N while keeping other parameters constant. Abrasion was observed to be the predominant mechanism majorly responsible for the wearing of the alloy at the interface. The average wear rate and coefficient of friction values were 0.016 mm3/Nm and 0.22, respectively. The observed values indicated that the developed alloy exhibited excellent wear resistance, which is deemed an essential property for developing biomedical materials for human body implants such as artificial hip and knee joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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13 pages, 1752 KiB  
Article
Engulfment of a Particle by a Growing Crystal in Binary Alloys
by Qingyou Han, Yanfei Liu, Cheng Peng and Zhiwei Liu
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1421; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101421 - 09 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1106
Abstract
Under quasi-steady particle pushing conditions in an alloy, fresh liquid has to flow to the gap separating a particle and an advancing solid–liquid interface of a crystal to feed the volume change associated with the liquid–solid phase transformation. In the meantime, solute rejected [...] Read more.
Under quasi-steady particle pushing conditions in an alloy, fresh liquid has to flow to the gap separating a particle and an advancing solid–liquid interface of a crystal to feed the volume change associated with the liquid–solid phase transformation. In the meantime, solute rejected by the growing crystal has to diffuse out of the gap against the physical feeding flow. An inequality equation was derived to estimate the pushing-to-engulfment transition (PET) velocity of the crystal under which the particle is pushed by the growing crystal. Experiments were performed in an Al-4.5 wt.%Cu-2 wt.% TiB2 composite under isothermal coarsening conditions. TiB2 particles were indeed engulfed by the growing aluminum dendrites as predicted using the inequality equation. Predictions of the inequality equation also agreed reasonably well with literature data from the solidification of distilled water containing particles obtained under minimal convection conditions. The inequality equation suggests that the PET velocity is much smaller in a binary alloy than that in a pure material. Without the influence of fluid flow or other factors that put a particle in motion in the liquid, the particle should be engulfed by the growing crystal in alloys solidified under normal cooling rates associated with convectional casting conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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13 pages, 4233 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Parameters in Laser Powder Bed Fusion TA15 Titanium Alloy Using Taguchi Method
by Yang Liu, Zichun Wu, Qing Wang, Lizhong Zhao, Xichen Zhang, Wei Gao, Jing Xu, Yufeng Song, Xiaolei Song and Xuefeng Zhang
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1385; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101385 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
In this work, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was explored to fabricate TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy based on the experimental design obtained by using the Taguchi method. The impact of processing parameters (including laser power, scanning speed, and scanning interval) on the density [...] Read more.
In this work, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was explored to fabricate TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy based on the experimental design obtained by using the Taguchi method. The impact of processing parameters (including laser power, scanning speed, and scanning interval) on the density and microhardness of the as-LPBFed TA15 titanium alloy was analyzed using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The interaction among parameters on the density of the as-LPBFed TA15 titanium alloy was indicated by a response surface graph (RSR). When the laser energy density was adjusted to 100 J/mm3, the highest relative density could reach 99.7%. The further increase in the energy input led to the reduction in relative density, due to the formation of tiny holes caused by the vaporization of material at a high absorption of heat. Furthermore, in order to better reveal the correlation between relative density and processing parameters, the regression analysis was carried out for relative density. The results showed that the experimental and predicted values obtained by the regression equation were nearly the same. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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14 pages, 7504 KiB  
Article
Effect of Laser Energy Density on the Microstructure and Microhardness of Inconel 718 Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
by Jing Xu, Zichun Wu, Jianpeng Niu, Yufeng Song, Chaoping Liang, Kai Yang, Yuqiang Chen and Yang Liu
Crystals 2022, 12(9), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091243 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
This work focused on the effects of laser energy density on the relative density, microstructure, and microhardness of Inconel 718 alloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructural architectures, element segregation behavior in the interdendritic region and the evolution of laves phases [...] Read more.
This work focused on the effects of laser energy density on the relative density, microstructure, and microhardness of Inconel 718 alloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructural architectures, element segregation behavior in the interdendritic region and the evolution of laves phases of the as-SLMed IN718 samples were analyzed by optical metallography (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that with an increase in the laser volume energy density, the relative density and the microhardness firstly increased and then decreased slightly. It also facilitates the precipitation of Laves phase. The variation of mechanical properties of the alloy can be related to the densification degree, microstructure uniformity, and precipitation phase content of Inconel 718 alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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21 pages, 8121 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Analysis of Hybrid Composites (LM5/ZrO2/Gr)
by Sunder Jebarose Juliyana, Jayavelu Udaya Prakash, Sachin Salunkhe, Hussein Mohamed Abdelmoneam Hussein and Sharad Ramdas Gawade
Crystals 2022, 12(9), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091207 - 27 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1311
Abstract
Hybrid composites recently developed as highly effective, high-strength structural materials that are increasingly used. Aluminum matrix hybrid composites strengthened with ceramic particulates are commonly used in marine, aerospace, and defense applications because of their exceptional properties. Zirconia-reinforced composites are favored because these composites [...] Read more.
Hybrid composites recently developed as highly effective, high-strength structural materials that are increasingly used. Aluminum matrix hybrid composites strengthened with ceramic particulates are commonly used in marine, aerospace, and defense applications because of their exceptional properties. Zirconia-reinforced composites are favored because these composites display high refractory properties, excellent abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance compared to composites of other reinforcements.For applications where lightweight and superior performance is paramount, such as parts for spacecraft, fighter aircraft, and racecars, graphite compositesare the material of choice. In this research work, an effort was made to combine the properties of zirconia and graphite by producing a unique metal matrix composite of LM5 aluminum alloy reinforced with 6% zirconium dioxide (zirconia), using the stir casting process by changing the percentage of the weight of graphite to 2%, 3%, and 4%. The test specimens were prepared and evaluated in compliance with ASTM standards to study micro- and macrohardness, and impact, tensile, and compressive strength. Microstructural studies of composites performed through optical microscopy and SEM expose the unvarying dispersal of particulates of ZrO2/graphite in the aluminum matrix. The hardness, impact, and compressive strength are enhanced due to the addition of reinforcement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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22 pages, 6026 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Cu–Al–Ag Shape Memory Alloys Processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding and Subsequent Annealing
by Parinaz Seifollahzadeh, Morteza Alizadeh, Ábel Szabó, Jenő Gubicza and Moustafa El-Tahawy
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081167 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Ultrafine-grained Cu/Al/Ag composites were processed by an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique from pure copper and aluminum sheets and a silver powder. The Al content was fixed to 11 wt.% while the silver concentration was 1, 2, or 3 in wt.%. The ARB-processed [...] Read more.
Ultrafine-grained Cu/Al/Ag composites were processed by an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique from pure copper and aluminum sheets and a silver powder. The Al content was fixed to 11 wt.% while the silver concentration was 1, 2, or 3 in wt.%. The ARB-processed samples were heat treated at different temperatures between 750 and 1050 °C for 60 min and then quenched to room temperature (RT) for producing Cu–Al–Ag alloys. The effect of the addition of different Ag contents and various heat treatment temperatures on the structural evolution was investigated. The ARB-processed samples were composed of Cu and Al layers with high dislocation density and fine grain size (a few microns). During heat treatment of the ARB-processed samples, new intermetallic phases formed. For the lowest Ag content (1 wt.%), the main phase was a brittle simple cubic Al4Cu9, while for higher Ag concentrations (2 and 3 wt.%), the quenched samples contain mainly an orthorhombic β1-AlCu3 martensite phase. The martensite phase consisted of very fine lamellas with a thickness of one micron or less. The heat treatment increased the microhardness and the strength of the samples at RT due to the formation of a fine-grained hard martensite phase. For 2 and 3% Ag, the highest martensite phase content was achieved at 850 and 950 °C, respectively. The annealed and quenched samples exhibited good shape memory behavior at RT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 8077 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Mechanism and the Effect of Corrosion Time on Mechanical Behavior of 5083/6005A Welded Joints in a NaCl and NaHSO3 Mixed Solution
by Yuqiang Chen, Hailiang Wu, Xiangdong Wang, Xianghao Zeng, Liang Huang, Hongyu Gu and Heng Li
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1150; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081150 - 16 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1435
Abstract
The effect of corrosion time on the mechanical behavior of 5083/6005A welded joints in a 3.5% NaCl + 0.01 mol/L NaHSO3 solution was evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarization curve analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prediction model of fatigue [...] Read more.
The effect of corrosion time on the mechanical behavior of 5083/6005A welded joints in a 3.5% NaCl + 0.01 mol/L NaHSO3 solution was evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarization curve analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prediction model of fatigue life after corrosion was established based on the experimental results and the theory of fracture mechanics, and the formula for the effect of corrosion time on lifespan was determined. The results show that with increasing corrosion time, the corrosion of the sample becomes increasingly severe, and the elongation and fatigue life of the 5083/6005A welded joints decrease significantly. The corrosion resistance of the 5083/6005A welded joints decreases with increasing corrosion time because the corrosive medium promotes the destruction of the oxide film and thereby reduces the corrosion resistance. The corrosion products of the 5083/6005A welded joints are Al(OH)3 and AlCl3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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16 pages, 6954 KiB  
Article
Initial Microstructure Effects on Hot Tensile Deformation and Fracture Mechanisms of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloy Using In Situ Observation
by Mingzhu Fu, Suping Pan, Huiqun Liu and Yuqiang Chen
Crystals 2022, 12(7), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070934 - 01 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1365
Abstract
The hot tensile deformation and fracture mechanisms of a Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy with bimodal and lamellar microstructures were investigated by in situ tensile tests under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the main slip deformation modes are [...] Read more.
The hot tensile deformation and fracture mechanisms of a Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy with bimodal and lamellar microstructures were investigated by in situ tensile tests under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the main slip deformation modes are prismatic slip ({11¯00}<112¯0>) and pyramidal slip ({11¯01}<112¯0>) under tension at 350 °C. In the bimodal microstructure, several parallel slip bands (SBs) first form within the primary α (αP) phase. As the strain increases, the number of SBs in the αP phase increases significantly and multislip systems are activated to help further coordinate the increasing deformation. Consequently, the microcracks nucleate and generally propagate along the SBs in the αP phase. The direction of propagation of the cracks deflects significantly when it crosses the αP/β interface, resulting in a tortuous crack path. In the lamellar microstructure, many dislocations pile up at the coarse-lath α (αL) phase near the grain boundaries (GBs) due to the strong fencing effect thereof. As a result, SBs develop first; then, microcracks nucleate at the αL phase boundary. During propagation, the cracks tend to propagate along the GB and thus lead to the intergranular fracture of the lamellar microstructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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12 pages, 10886 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Performance and Deformation Behavior of CoCrNi Medium-Entropy Alloy at the Atomic Scale
by ZF Liu, N Tian, YG Tong, YL Hu, DY Deng, MJ Zhang, ZH Cai and J Liu
Crystals 2022, 12(6), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060753 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1838
Abstract
CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy has superior cryogenic properties with simultaneous growth of strength and plasticity at low temperatures. In order to observe the microstructure and deformation behavior of the alloy at the atomic scale, its mechanical properties and deformation mechanism at different temperatures and [...] Read more.
CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy has superior cryogenic properties with simultaneous growth of strength and plasticity at low temperatures. In order to observe the microstructure and deformation behavior of the alloy at the atomic scale, its mechanical properties and deformation mechanism at different temperatures and strain rates were investigated using molecular dynamics. It is indicated that the alloy’s strength was enhanced at low temperatures and high strain rates due to the production of high dislocation density. The introduction of grain boundaries significantly decreased the dislocation density during the alloy’s deformation and correspondingly reduced the crystal strength. However, the introduction of twin boundaries in polycrystalline grains obviously enhanced the strength of the polycrystal, especially at the twin boundary spacing of 3.08 nm. The strength’s enhancement was attributed to the increasing dislocation density produced by the interaction between twin boundaries and dislocations during deformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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11 pages, 3187 KiB  
Article
Solid Energetic Material Based on Aluminum Micropowder Modified by Microwave Radiation
by Andrei Mostovshchikov, Fedor Gubarev, Pavel Chumerin, Vladimir Arkhipov, Valery Kuznetsov and Yana Dubkova
Crystals 2022, 12(4), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040446 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1491
Abstract
The paper discusses the application of pulsed microwave radiation for the modification of crystalline components of a high-energy material (HEsM). The model aluminized mixture with increased heat of combustion was studied. The mixture contained 15 wt.% aluminum micron powder, which was modified by [...] Read more.
The paper discusses the application of pulsed microwave radiation for the modification of crystalline components of a high-energy material (HEsM). The model aluminized mixture with increased heat of combustion was studied. The mixture contained 15 wt.% aluminum micron powder, which was modified by microwave irradiation. It was found that the HEM thermogram has an exo-effect with the maximum at 364.3 °C. The use of a modified powder in the HEM composition increased the energy release during combustion by 11% from 5.6 kJ/g to 6.2 kJ/g. The reason for this effect is the increase in the reactivity of aluminum powder after microwave irradiation. In this research, we confirmed that the powders do not lose the stored energy, even as part of the HEM produced on their basis. A laser projection imaging system with brightness amplification was used to estimate the speed of combustion front propagation over the material surface. Measurement of the burning rate revealed a slight difference in the burning rates of HEMs based on irradiated and non-irradiated aluminum micropowders. This property can be demanded in practice, allowing a greater release of energy while maintaining the volume of energetic material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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14 pages, 5889 KiB  
Article
Effect of Current on Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel Layer Obtained by Plasma Arc Cladding
by Juan Pu, Peng Xie, Weimin Long, Mingfang Wu, Yongwang Sheng and Jie Sheng
Crystals 2022, 12(3), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030341 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
In order to repair or strengthen stainless steel structural parts, the experiment was conducted by using plasma arc cladding technology to prepare 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) layers on the surface of Q345 steel. Their macro morphology and microstructure were observed by an [...] Read more.
In order to repair or strengthen stainless steel structural parts, the experiment was conducted by using plasma arc cladding technology to prepare 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) layers on the surface of Q345 steel. Their macro morphology and microstructure were observed by an optical microscope and the phase composition of microstructure was analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer instrument (XRD). The electrochemical behavior of 2205 DSS cladding layer under different current in 3.5% NaCl etching solution was studied by the potentiodynamic polarization, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results showed that when the current was 100 A, the forming of cladding layer was continuous, complete and fine with the dilution ratio of 11.43%. The mass ratio of austenite to ferrite in the microstructure increased with the increase of current and it was up to the optimum of 1.207 with the current of 100 A. Under such conditions, the self-corrosion potential of the cladding layer was up to the maximum while its corrosion current density reached the minimum, thus the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer reached the optimum. It was attributed to the existence of a large amount of Cr3+ and Mo6+ in the passive film of cladding layer, which can stabilize the passive film and promote the formation of Cr2O3 in the passive film. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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9 pages, 3527 KiB  
Communication
Microstructural Effects on Thermal-Mechanical Alleviation of Cold Dwell Fatigue in Titanium Alloys
by Songlin Shen, Mei Zhan, Pengfei Gao, Wenshuo Hao, Fionn P. E. Dunne and Zebang Zheng
Crystals 2022, 12(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020208 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2334
Abstract
Cold dwell fatigue is a well-known problem in the titanium components of aircraft engines. The high temperature and low dwell stress of in-service conditions have been reported to give rise to dwell fatigue resistance through a thermal-mechanical alleviation process. Here, dwell fatigue tests [...] Read more.
Cold dwell fatigue is a well-known problem in the titanium components of aircraft engines. The high temperature and low dwell stress of in-service conditions have been reported to give rise to dwell fatigue resistance through a thermal-mechanical alleviation process. Here, dwell fatigue tests at room temperature and the component operating temperature were performed on IMI834 titanium alloy to assess the microstructural effects on thermal-mechanical alleviation of cold dwell fatigue while eliminating the effect of chemical composition. The ratcheting strain rates under different loading conditions were quantitatively investigated to aid the understanding of thermal-mechanical alleviation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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Review

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26 pages, 5648 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of Fe-Based Superelastic Alloys
by Zhenxin Li, Yang Zhang, Kai Dong and Zhongwu Zhang
Crystals 2022, 12(5), 602; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050602 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2677
Abstract
In recent years, superelastic alloys have become a current research hotspot due to the large recoverable deformation, which far exceeds the elastic recovery. This will create more possibilities in practical applications. At present, superelastic alloys are widely used in the fields of machinery, [...] Read more.
In recent years, superelastic alloys have become a current research hotspot due to the large recoverable deformation, which far exceeds the elastic recovery. This will create more possibilities in practical applications. At present, superelastic alloys are widely used in the fields of machinery, aerospace, transmission, medicine, etc., and become smart materials with great potential. Among superelastic alloys, Fe-based superelastic alloys are widely used due to the advantages of low cost, easy processing, good plasticity and toughness, and wide applicable temperature range. The research progress of Fe-based superelastic alloys are reviewed in this paper. The mechanism of thermoelastic martensitic transformation and its relation to superelasticity are summarized. The effects of the precipitate, grain size, grain orientation, and texture on the superelasticity of Fe-based superelastic alloys are discussed in detail. It is expected to provide a guide on the development and understanding of Fe-based superelastic alloys. The future development of Fe-based superelastic alloys are prospected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials)
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