1,246 Results Found

The paper presents the study results of CrN/TiN multi-layer coatings, as well as single-layer TiN and CrN coatings on Cr12MoV cold work die steel deposited by the vacuum-arc plasma-assisted method. Three CrN/TiN coatings of 8-, 16-, and 32-layers wer...

Regarding the fabrication of solar selective absorbers, the ability to create microstructures on top of metal surfaces is a promising technology. Typically, these materials are able to possess spectrally-selective absorption properties for high-tempe...

Curcumin is known as a biologically active compound and a possible antimicrobial agent. Here, we combine it with TiO₂ and ZnO semiconductors, known for their photocatalytic properties, with an eye towards synergistic photo-harvesting and/or antimicro...

Different environmental parameters, such as temperature and humidity, aggravate food spoilage, and different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released based on the extent of spoilage. In addition, a lack of efficient monitoring of the dosage of...

The preparation of metal–ceramic layered composites remains a challenge due to the incompatibilities of the materials at the high temperatures of the co-firing process. For densification, the ceramic thick-film materials must be subjected to high-tem...

Multi-layered nitride coatings have been widely applied to improve the mechanical and anti-corrosive of metals and/or alloys. Cr₂N/TiN multilayer coatings were prepared by the combination of high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and arc ion...

Direct laser deposition (DLD) is widely used in precision manufacturing, but the process parameters (e.g., laser power, scanning patterns) easily lead to changes in dimensional accuracy and structural properties. Many methods have been proposed to an...

The present work uses numerical methods to explore the impact of spatial orientation on the behavior of molten pool and thermal responses during the laser–Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) hybrid additive manufacturing of metallic cladding layers. Base...

Achieving keyhole-free joints is critical in Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW). This study presents a new approach to eliminate this volumetric defect in AA6082-T6 FSSW sheet joints using a continuous multi-layer Friction Stir Deposition (CMFSD) tech...

Additive manufacturing involves numerous independent parameters, often leading to inconsistent print quality and necessitating costly trial-and-error approaches to optimize input variables. Machine learning offers a solution to this non-linear proble...

CuO and Al thin films were successively deposited using direct current (reactive) magnetron sputter deposition. A multilayer of five bilayers was deposited on glass, which can be ignited by heating a Ti resistive thin film. The velocity of the reacti...

This work presents the results of deposition by magnetron sputtering nanostructured multilayer Cr/(Cr/a-C)ml coatings on AISI 316L and AISI 321 steel substrates. Chemical compositions were confirmed through EDX analysis with scanning electron microsc...

Multilayer graphene has attracted significant attention because its physical properties can be tuned by stacking its layers in a particular configuration. To apply the intriguing properties of multilayer graphene in various optoelectronic or spintron...

In this study, a manufacturing strategy, and guidelines for inclined and multilayered structures of variable thickness are presented, which are based on the results of an own-developed geometrical model that obtains both the coating thickness and dil...

Comparative analysis of nanostructured multilayer Cr/(Cr/a-C)ml coatings on HS6-5-2 steel was carried out. The coatings were deposited at various chromium target power values using PVD technology, particularly the magnetron sputtering method. The eff...

This work studies single-layer (Al-Si-N) and multi-layer (Al-Si-N-O/Al-Si-O) coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering on stainless steel specimens (AISI 321), which can be used under aggressive conditions. The multi-layer coating consists of six al...

Atomic force microscope (AFM) is commonly used for three-dimensional characterization of the surface morphology of structures at nanoscale, but the “Inflation effect” of the tip is an important factor affecting the accuracy. A tip charact...

The deposition of polyelectrolyte (PEL) multilayers (PEMs) of poly(l-lysine)/cellulose sulfate (PLL/CS) onto germanium (Ge) substrates depending on salt concentration (c_S) and deposition step z at constant PEL concentration c_PEL = 0.01 M and pH = 7.0...

The deposition and nanostructure of polyelectrolyte (PEL) multilayers (PEMs) of branched poly(ethyleneimine)/poly(acrylic acid) (PEI/PAA) onto silicon substrates was studied in terms of the dependence of pH and the PEL concentration (c_PEL) in the ind...

In this study, as-cast ductile iron was austempered to produce austempered ductile iron (ADI). A CrAlSiN film was then deposited on the surface of ADI specimens using the cathodic arc deposition (CAD) method. The gas flow ratio of Ar/N₂ varied (2, 2....

Copper/steel bimetal, one of the most popular and typical multi-material components (MMC), processes excellent comprehensive properties with the high strength of steel and the high thermal conductivity of copper alloy. Additive manufacturing (AM) tec...

CMT welding sources are garnering attention as alternative heat sources for wire arc additive manufacturing because of their low-heat input. A comprehensive experimental and numerical study on the multi-layer deposition of STS316L was performed to in...

Humidity sensing is fundamental in some applications, as humidity can be a strong interferent in the detection of analytes under environmental conditions. Ideally, materials sensitive or insensitive towards humidity are strongly needed for the sensor...

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is widely used for functional film fabrication, but traditional nanosecond-laser-induced thermal effects and interface roughness severely limit the quality of multilayer structures. To address this critical challenge, a...

Photodarkening (PD) effect in ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) has a significant impact on the high-power operational stability of fiber lasers, which seriously hinders the power scaling. In this paper, the relationship between ytterbium ions uniformity a...

Primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) is a crucial microstructural feature in nickel-based superalloys produced by laser cladding. In order to investigate the effects of process parameters on PDAS, a multi-scale model that integrates a 3D transient hea...

Photocatalysts for water purification typically lack efficiency for practical applications. Here we present a multi-component (Pt:SiO₂:TiO₂(P25)) material that was designed using knowledge of reaction mechanisms of mono-modified catalysts (SiO₂:TiO₂,...

Fouling not only deteriorates the membrane structure but also compromises the quality of the permeate and has deleterious consequences on the membrane operation. In the current study, a commercial thin film composite nanofiltration membrane (NF90) wa...

Spatial modeling and evaluation is a critical step for planning the exploitation of mineral deposits. In this work, a methodology for the investigation of a multi-seam coal deposit spatial variability is proposed. The study area includes the Klidi (F...

In the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting (WS) reactions, a photon is absorbed by a semiconductor, generating electron-hole pairs which are transferred across the semiconductor/electrolyte interface to reduce or oxidize water into oxygen or h...

With incredible hardness and excellent wear-resistance, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings are gaining interest in the biomedical community as articulating surfaces of structural implant devices. The focus of this study was to deposit multilayere...

The integration of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto glass substrates is a critical step toward realizing transparent and microfabrication-compatible electronic devices. The direct synthesis of patterned vertically aligned multi-walled...

Multilayered coatings deposited using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique have attracted great interest in recent years as a sustainable and efficient solution for conferring flame retardant properties to fabrics. The unique structure and int...

Conformal multilayer micro-nanocrystalline diamond coatings were grown on substrates of a hard alloy with 9% Co with a high aspect number in microwave plasma from gas mixtures CH4/H2 and CH4/H2/N2. The substrates were of a cylindrical axial tool mode...

This study investigated the influence of spatial orientation on bead morphology and molten pool dynamics during cold metal transfer wire arc additive manufacturing (CMT-WAAM). Experiments in horizontal, transverse, vertical-down, and vertical-up orie...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of varying bias parameters (−50 V, −100 V, and −150 V) on the properties of TiN/CrN multilayer films deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using the cathodic arc deposition (CAD) tech...

The prevention of glow-to-arc transition exhibited by micro dielectric barrier discharge (MDBD), as well as its long lifetime, has generated much excitement across a variety of applications. Silicon nitride (SiN_x) is often used as a dielectric barrie...

The role of an atomic-layer thick periodic Y–O array in inducing the epitaxial growth of single-crystal hexagonal YAlO₃ perovskite (H-YAP) films was studied using high-angle annular dark-field and annular bright-field scanning transmission elec...

This work aimed to investigate the structure and corrosion resistance of Al₂O₃/ZnO multilayer coatings deposited by ALD on the standard surgical scalpel blades made of carbon steel. The surface topography of the coatings was examined using a scanning...

W/Si multilayer mirrors are a promising candidate for soft X-ray applications at wavelengths below 2.4 nm. However, their optical performance is strongly affected by interface roughness and interlayer mixing, which limits reflectivity. One approach t...

Obtaining highly sensitive ferromagnetic, FM, and nonmagnetic, NM, multilayers with a large room-temperature magnetoresistance, MR, and strong magnetic anisotropy, MA, under a small externally applied magnetic field, H, remains a subject of scientifi...

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have attracted considerable interest for application as protective films in diverse industrial parts. This is attributed to their desirable characteristics, such as high hardness, low coefficient of friction, gas-barri...

In the repeated launching process, there is an Aluminum Deposited Layer (ADL) on the rail surface. The ADL will melt when heated, and its different melting states will have an important influence on the armature melting process. Therefore, it is nece...

The laterally graded multilayer collimator is a vital part of a high-precision diffractometer. It is applied as condensing reflectors to convert divergent X-rays from laboratory X-ray sources into a parallel beam. The thickness of the multilayer film...

Chromium nitride (Cr-N) coatings fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) have gained significant interest in the field of surface protection with the exceptional hardness, robust adhesion to substrates, and superior wear resistance. The mechani...

Residual stresses in multilayer thin coatings represent a complex multiscale phenomenon arising from the intricate interplay of multiple factors, including the number and thickness of layers, material properties of the layers and substrate, coefficie...

The conventional method of preparing metal–ceramic composite structures causes delamination and cracking defects due to differences in the composite structures’ properties, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion between metal and ceramic materi...

We analyze the internal structure and hydration properties of poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt) oligoelectrolyte multilayers at early stages of their layer-by-layer growth process. Our study is based on larg...

A TiN/TiNC/Al₂O₃ multilayer coating was deposited on an Inconel 625 alloy by the chemical vapor deposition method as a protective barrier to improve the corrosion resistance in supercritical water. The corrosion characteristics were evaluated in a re...

In this work, a series of mono-and multilayer coatings were considered. They consisted of CrN and Cr prepared by physical vapor deposition with a cathodic arc. The most common steels for molds of plastics were chosen as substrates: X37CrMoV5-1 (SMV3)...