This paper presents the design and implementation of a linear, stable, low-power and PVT insensitive floating active resistor, which is realized using TSMC 40 nm CMOS process technology. By incorporating the automatic tuning circuit, this work has ac...
Resistance errors in bandgap reference (BGR) circuits often cause deviations in design indicators, and it is true that utilizing various compensation techniques mitigates the impact of resistance errors. In this paper, an original BGR circuit with 18...
This paper presents a low-voltage, low-power voltage-to-current converter (V-I Converter) implemented in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.45 V with an input range of 0.1 V to 0.3 V, the proposed circuit achieves a temper...
Time-to-digital converter (TDC) is the key technology to realize accurate time delay measurement in high-precision optical fiber time-frequency transmission and synchronization, optical sensing and many scientific applications. The performance of FPG...
Developing lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based electro-optic (EO) modulators is vital for integrated photonics. The high annealing temperature required for the processing of PZT thin films restricts their compatibility with modern complementary metal...
The low temperature coefficient and high linearity of the input-output characteristics are both required for high-performance microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitive accelerometers. In this work, a structural designing of a bulk MEMS capacit...
This study conducts a comparative performance analysis of three different low-temperature solar collector systems: flat plate solar collectors (FPCs), heat pipe evacuated tube solar collectors (HPETCs), and heat pipe flat plate solar collectors (HPFP...
Positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (PTCR) materials with low Curie temperature have been paid increasing attention lately. In this study, PTCR materials with a Curie temperature of approximately −15 °C were investiga...
Silicon avalanche photodetector (APD) plays a very important role in near-infrared light detection due to its linear controllable gain and attractive manufacturing cost. In this paper, a silicon APD with punch-through structure is designed and fabric...
Benefiting from the progress of the germanium (Ge) epitaxy process on silicon (Si) substrates, waveguide-integrated Ge-on-Si photodetectors (PDs) have demonstrated decent performances in short-wave infrared (SWIR) detection. By lowering the operating...
Overhead lines can be replaced by high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors in order to increase their capacity. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the HTLS conductors are lower than the CTE of conventional conductors. The utilities and...
Researches have focused on the thermal protection system (TPS) of hypersonic vehicles under severe aerodynamic heat. According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer needs to consume a heat sink, but the cold energy provided by the airbor...
Aerospace bearings need to withstand the low-temperature environment of space, which will cause changes in the internal lubrication state of the bearings. This article aims to assess the traction properties of aerospace lubricants under low-temperatu...
This paper presents a low-area, low-temperature coefficient (TC) CMOS voltage reference (CVR) circuit utilizing a compensation technique. Compared to traditional CVR circuits, this design does not rely on compensating the temperature characteristics...
A dual-output voltage reference circuit with two reference voltages of 281 mV (Vref1) and 320.5 mV (Vref2) is presented in this paper. With a novel and precise circuit structure, the proposed circuit, operating in the subthreshold region, integrates...
The effective diffusion of Cu in Fe is the key to forming a stable transition layer between copper and low-carbon steel, but it is seriously affected by several factors, especially temperature, and the diffusion of Cu can only be completed at high te...
In this work we investigate the integration possibility of a thermistor paste from ESL (ElectroScience Laboratory, now Vibrantz) to see if it is adapted for Vibrantz Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) L8 and A6M-E materials. An alumina-based sam...
The development of low-temperature piezoresistive materials provides compatibility with standard silicon-based MEMS fabrication processes. Additionally, it enables the use of such material in flexible substrates, thereby expanding the potential for v...
n-Pentanol, a promising biofuel, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while remaining compatible with internal combustion engines. We present a reduced kinetic mechanism comprising 66 species and 292 reactions that captures both high- and low-temperat...
Ultra-low temperature chillers have seen increasing demand with the advancement of semiconductor technology. Mixed refrigerant (MR) cascade refrigeration systems (CRSs) are widely utilized for their stability and high cooling performance at low tempe...
This paper studies the evaporative heat transfer characteristics of R744 at low temperatures in a horizontal smooth tube as a cascade refrigeration system (CRS) among hybrid cascade refrigeration systems (HCRSs). There is a lack of research on the lo...
Energy efficiency is one of the most important topics nowadays. It is strictly related to energy demand, energy policy, environmental pollution, and economic issues. Energy efficiency can be increased and operating costs reduced by using waste heat f...
New glass-free low-temperature co-fired microwave dielectric composites with compositions (1–4x/3)Ba3(VO4)2–xBaWO4–(2x/3)Li3VO4 (x = 0.3–0.7) were fabricated by reactive liquid-phase sintering of (1–x)Ba3(VO4)2–xLi...
Changes in the environment promote variations in fish physiological responses. Genetic variation also plays a role in physiological variation. To explore the role of genetics in physiological variation, we assessed variation of cardiac function (hear...
This paper presents an ultra-low-power voltage reference designed in 180 nm CMOS technology. To achieve near-zero line sensitivity, a two-transistor (2-T) voltage reference is biased with a current source to cancel the drain-induced barrier-lowering...
This paper presents an ultra-low-power CMOS voltage reference designed and verified in an 180 nm standard CMOS technology. To achieve DC and AC supply sensitivity under 0.01%/V and −100 dB, it employs a single transistor and two 2-T cores to im...
This paper presents a low-power CMOS voltage reference with low supply sensitivity, designed and verified in a 180 nm standard CMOS technology. A DIBL-based line-sensitivity (LS) compensation path is incorporated into the conventional PTAT generation...
We studied the tribological properties of amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) thin-film coatings during sliding friction in an oxidizing environment at a low temperature (−100 °C). To obtain films with different sulfur contents (x ~ 2, 3, a...
The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is an important property of ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass, and the ultrasonic velocity method has shown excellent performance for the nondestructive measurement of CTE in large ULE glass. In this method, t...
Traditional bandgap reference (BGR) is sensitive to process variation and is not suitable for mass production. Consequently, a stacked piece-wise compensated bandgap reference (SPWBGR) with low beta bipolar is proposed, designed and fabricated in the...
Frost accumulation on heat exchangers severely limits the efficiency and reliability of air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) in cold, humid environments. Superhydrophobic coatings fabricated via electrostatic spraying offer a promising energy-free strategy...
This paper focuses on the residual stress in a lithium niobate (LN) film layer of a LN-on-insulator (LNOI)/Si hybrid wafer. This stress originates from a large mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients of the layers. A modified surface-acti...
As a clean energy technology, air source heat pump (ASHP) technology has garnered increasing attention nowadays; however, the sharp decline in energy efficiency under low-temperature conditions remains a significant challenge impeding their widesprea...
Pre-ignition, involving complex interactions of physical and chemical processes, occurs not only in actual combustion engines but also in fundamental research equipment such as rapid compression machines and shock tubes. Thus, identifying the combust...
Investigating the microwave dielectric properties of ceramics prepared through the conventional solid-state route, such as x[(Mg0.6Zn0.4)0.95Co0.05]1.02TiO3.02-(1−x)Ca0.6(La0.9Y0.1)0.2667TiO3, reveals notable characteristics. [(Mg0.6Zn0.4)0.95C...
Low temperature combustion (LTC) mitigates the nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) trade-off in conventional compression ignition engines. Significant research on LTC using partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCI) has typica...
Voltage reference circuits are a basic building block in most integrated microsystems, covering a wide spectrum of applications. Hence, they constitute a subject of great interest for the entire microelectronics community. MOSFET-based solutions, in...
Heat pump electricity costs grow with a power relationship as the evaporator temperature in the cycle decreases. The thermo-economic study of a solar thermal-assisted heat pump and storage system determines the minimum cost of the coupled system for...
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the stability and reliability of electronic components become essential. Low-temperature drift resistors (LTDRs) are of importance owing to their excellent performance and stability in diff...
The developments in manufacturing technologies are expected to reduce energy input without compromising product quality. Regarding the material densification process, numerical simulation methods are applied to achieve this goal. In this case, releva...
Voltage standards are widely used to transfer volts from Josephson voltage standards (JVSs) at national metrology institutes (NMIs) into calibration labs to maintain the volts and to transfer them to test equipment at production lines. Therefore, com...
High-temperature heat pump systems are essential for industrial processes that usually require high-temperature and high-pressure steam. An efficient design of these systems is critical for minimizing fossil fuel consumption, thereby contributing to...
Next-generation smart sensing devices necessitate on-chip integration of power-efficient reference circuits. The latters are required to provide other circuit blocks with highly reliable bias signals, even in the presence of temperature shifts and su...
Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is a promising thermoelectric material for near-room-temperature applications, yet its scalable fabrication remains challenging due to limitations in conventional synthesis routes and the strong dependence of its properties on...
This paper introduces an enhanced bandgap reference (BGR) design, addressing the shortcomings of traditional circuits, such as significant temperature drift, limited power-supply rejection, and inadequate load-driving capacity. The proposed design in...
Adsorption chillers with desalination functionality, being devices characterised by very low electricity consumption, provide an alternative to conventional sources of cooling and water. The option of desalinating water means that the use of a single...
This work presents a high-precision high-order curvature-compensated bandgap voltage reference (BGR) for battery monitoring applications. The collector currents of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) pairs with different ratios and temperature characte...
The growth of oxide film, which results from the inward oxygen diffusion from a corrosive environment, is a critical consideration for the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys. This work calculates the oxygen diffusion coefficients in the oxide f...
This study investigates the potential correlation between C—H···Br and N—H···Br hydrogen bonds in CH3NH3PbBr3 over a broad temperature range (50–350 K), using a statistical analysis of molec...
Based on the standard 40 nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process, a curvature compensation technique is proposed. Two low-voltage, low-power, high-precision bandgap voltage reference circuits are designed at a 1.2 V power supply. By...
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