Background/Objectives: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has long been used as an index of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its role as a risk modifier in cardiovascular (CV) risk optimization has recently been questioned due to methodological pr...
1 January 2021
Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) facilitate the organized delivery of blood components for traumatically injured patients. MTPs vary across institutions, and ratios of blood components can change during clinical management. As a result, significa...
Wireless Communication has become one of the most popular types of communication networks because of the many services it provides; however, it has experienced several challenges in improving network performance. VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is...
Food safety culture (FSC) is a structured, measurable and enforceable element of the food industry, which is essential for building consumer trust and safeguarding consumer wellness. Regardless of the size of the organisation, FSC plays a pivotal rol...
Preamble sampling-based MAC protocols designed forWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are aimed at prolonging the lifetime of the nodes by scheduling their times of activity. This scheduling exploits node synchronization to find the right trade-off betwee...
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key generation between legitimate parties. To further enhance system performance, an improved two-way CV-QKD protocol has been proposed, which is accessibl...
Background/Objectives: Hemorrhage remains a leading cause of early mortality in trauma patients, and timely transfusion guided by a structured massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is critical for improving outcomes. Although regional trauma centers hav...
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most used transport protocol to exchange reliable data between network devices. A considerable number of extensions have been implemented into TCP to achieve better performance. In this paper, we will pr...
Based on the background of a mine, this study aimed to improve underground wireless communication. The study selected Zigbee technology from many wireless technologies as the basis, expounded the technical advantages and disadvantages, and addressed...
Crop improvement under changing climatic conditions is required to feed the growing global population. The development of transgenic crops is an attractive and conceivably the most effective approach for crop improvement with desired traits in varyin...
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. [Merr.]) accessions from the U.S. Tropical Plant Genetic Resources and Disease Research (TPGRDR) in Hilo, Hawaii were subjected to RNA-sequencing to study the occurrence of viral populations associated with this vegetativ...
The extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) of very preterm infants has been associated with long-term complications and neurodevelopmental problems. EUGR has been reported at higher rates in low resource settings. There is limited research investigat...
Flood protection infrastructures are crucial for enhancing the resilience of societies exposed to natural hazards. Newly designed infrastructures are evaluated for sustainability using a coherent and internationally recognized method defined by the I...
Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is extensively used in various multifactor authentication protocols. In this work, various recent ECC-based authentication and key exchange protocols are subjected to threat modeling and static analysis to detect vul...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health challenge in Spain, driven by population ageing and increasing risk factors. In this context, the CARABELA-CKD initiative brought together over 100 representatives from the CKD healthcare ecosys...
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae present an acute threat as they continue to disseminate globally. Phage therapy has shown promise as a powerful approach to combat MDR infections, but narrow phage host ranges make developmen...
Sexual harassment and harassment on the grounds of sex are social problems that still need to be solved in 2020. Universities are not immune to these issues and they generally determine a set of measures to be implemented, sometimes in the form of a...
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) enable a growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications with large geographical coverage, low bit-rate, and long lifetime requirements. LoRa (Long Range) is a well-known LPWAN technology that uses a propr...
With the rapid development of urban rail transit, the traditional urban rail wireless network based on fixed infrastructure is not in a position to meet the increasingly complex communication demand. At the same time, Ad Hoc network, as a special wir...
The existing rearing protocols for Anastrepha fraterculus must be reviewed to make economically viable the production of sterile flies for their area-wide application. Additionally, evidence of sexual incompatibility between a long-term mass-reared B...
Background: This systematic review investigates how different surgical techniques influence speech outcomes in children with cleft palate, focusing on the effectiveness of key palatoplasty methods and the timing of surgery on vocal function. Methods:...
Internet of Things (IoT) applications have been increasingly developed. Authenticated key agreement (AKA) plays an essential role in secure communication in IoT applications. Without the PKI certificate and high time-complexity bilinear pairing opera...
Background/Objectives: Malnutrition is a key contributor to poor outcomes in older adults with fragility fractures, increasing the risk of complications, functional decline, prolonged hospital stays, mortality, and healthcare costs. Substantial evide...
The effective treatment of perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease is still a challenge. Local administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is becoming a part of accepted treatment options. However, as a fledgling technique, it still can be...
The European Installation Bus(EIB) protocol, also known as KNX/EIB, is widely used in building and home automation. An extension of the KNX/EIB protocol, EIBsec, is primarily designed to meet the requirements for data transmission security in distrib...
Cluster-based hierarchical routing protocols play an essential role in decreasing the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) has been proposed as an application-specific protocol arch...
This paper proposes an improved two-way security authentication protocol to improve the security level of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system. In the proposed protocol, tags calculate hash value, which is divided into two parts. The left hal...
The combination of in-vehicle networks and smart car devices has gradually developed into Intelligent Connected Vehicles (ICVs). Through the vehicle security protocol, ICVs can quickly realize communication transmission. However, with the more freque...
Hybrid protocols combining a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and a delay tolerant network (DTN) have recently been proposed. In these works, a whole network is fragmented, and MANET is generally used for intra-fragment communication, while DTN is used...
Background: The existing contract net protocol has low overall efficiency during the bidding and release period, and a large amount of redundant information is generated during the negotiation process. Methods: On the basis of an ant colony algorithm...
Vehicle Ad-hoc network (VANET) can provide technical support and solutions for the construction of intelligent and efficient transportation systems, and the routing protocol directly affects the efficiency of VANET. The rapid movement of nodes and un...
The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) has been enhancing the security of the 5G AKA (authentication and key agreement) protocol. However, there may still be some shortcomings in the latest version of the 5G AKA protocol. According to the anal...
Wireless link correlation has shown significant impact on the performance of various sensor network protocols. Many works have been devoted to exploiting link correlation for protocol improvements. However, the effectiveness of these designs heavily...
The Data Distribution Service (DDS) for real-time systems is an industrial Internet communication protocol. Due to its distributed high reliability and the ability to transmit device data communication in real-time, it has been widely used in industr...
12 May 2014
Protocol design complexity has increased substantially during the past decade and this in turn has adversely impacted drug development economics and performance. This article reviews the results of two major Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Develo...
A rational exchange protocol is a type of e-commerce protocol that aims to maximize the participants’ own interests. The Buttyan model is commonly used to analyze the security of such protocols. However, this model has limitations in dealing wi...
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consisting of persistent and relapsing inflammatory processes of the intestinal mucosa are caused by genetic, environmental, and commensal microbiota factors. Despite recent advances in clinical treatments aiming to...
Relationships between discrete-return light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and radiata pine leaf area index (LAI), stem volume, above ground carbon, and carbon sequestration were developed using 10 plots with directly measured biomass and leaf ar...
Approximately 2.3 billion people still cook over open fires or on basic stoves using polluting fuels, generating indoor air pollution responsible for 3.7 million premature deaths annually. Progress toward real-world health impact has been constrained...
The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) is a bridge between hosts and printers, and is supported by more than 98 percent of printers today. In addition to supporting local use, the IPP protocol also supports online use. Although this can expand the scop...
Delay tolerant network (DTN) protocol was proposed for a network where connectivity is not available. In DTN, a message is delivered to a destination node via store-carry-forward approach while using opportunistic contacts. Probabilistic routing prot...
Background: In 2015, Spanish scientific societies published a consensus document on managing massive hemorrhage (MH). This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and application of the Massive Hemorrhage Protocol (MHP) among healthcare professionals a...
Reconciliation is an essential procedure for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). As the most commonly used reconciliation protocol in short-distance CV-QKD, the slice error correction (SEC) allows a system to distill more than 1 bi...
18 July 2022
Caregiving appraisal is the caregivers’ cognitive evaluation of caregiving stressors. It determines the caregiving outcomes and caregiver health. Dementia caregivers have shown relatively negative caregiving appraisals. However, there is a lack...
Magnetic silence of warships is necessary to prevent damage caused by the magnetic mines detecting the magnetic field of the warship. Anhysteretic and Deperm-ME protocols are used to reduce permanent magnetization among magnetic signals. However, the...
Greenhouse cultivation technology has greatly contributed to the development of agriculture in Malaysia. Understanding how to monitor the greenhouse environment with high efficiency and low power consumption is particularly important. In this researc...
The IEEE Std 802.15.6 is an international standard for wireless body area networks (WBANs). It contains many aspects of communications, and also provides security services, since some communications in WBANs can carry sensitive information. In this s...
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is recognized as one of the most successful for short-range low-rate wireless communications and is used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To improve the performance of wireless networks, interest in protocols that...
In the Threshold-Sensitive Stable Election Protocol, sensors are randomly deployed in the region without considering the balanced energy consumption of nodes. If a node that has been selected as a cluster head is located far away from the base statio...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are of prominent use in unmanned surveillance applications. This peculiar trait of WSNs is actually the underlying technology of various applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) such as smart homes, smart cities, s...
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