Skip to Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

232 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
12,689 Views
13 Pages

29 December 2018

Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise introduced the unique catchphrase of the theological-political. While commanding popular currency, the full implications of the phrase is rarely considered in terms of modern Jewish thought. This paper e...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religion and Modern Jewish Thought: Volume I)
  • Article
  • Open Access
570 Views
21 Pages

21 August 2026

This study examines how gay-Mizrahi men in Israel navigate the communicative processes through which workplace subjectivities are constructed, negotiated, and legitimized. Mizrahiness refers to a Jewish ethno-cultural position associated with Middle...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Workplace Communication: An Emerging Field of Study)
  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,732 Views
17 Pages

18 November 2020

Biotic stresses often constitute major factors limiting global crop yields. A better understanding of plant responses to these stresses will facilitate efforts to improve stress tolerance and yields, especially in a climatically changing world. Numer...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,132 Views
5 Pages

7 February 2020

Complex samples such as botanical extracts contain hundreds of compounds. Since we can only identify compounds that are stable, extractable, separable and detectable from complex botanical extracts, minimal sample treatment and different detection me...

(This article belongs to the Section Chemical and Molecular Sciences)
  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,500 Views
23 Pages

7 June 2023

A hyphenated electrochemical technique consists of the combination of the coupling of an electrochemical technique with a non-electrochemical technique, such as spectroscopical and optical techniques, electrogravimetric techniques, and electromechani...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Materials)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
5 Citations
7,075 Views
6 Pages

Clomiphene Citrate as Nanomedicine Assistance in Ovulatory Disorders and Its Hyphenated Techniques

  • Tejasweeni Girase,
  • Javesh Patil,
  • Aayushi Tatiya,
  • Devyani Patil and
  • Mamta Patil

Nanotechnology has prompted new aspirations for managing modern human challenges. Furthermore, it has been utilized for aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ovulatory disorders. Women with ovulatory issues may benefit from formulations...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)
  • Review
  • Open Access
67 Citations
8,821 Views
23 Pages

In order to obtain a well understanding of the toxicity and ecological effects of trace elements in the environment, it is necessary to determine not only the total amount, but also their existing species. Speciation analysis has become increasingly...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Speciation of Organic and Inorganic components of Environmental and Biological Interest in Natural Fluids: Behaviour, Interaction and Sequestration)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
7,157 Views
16 Pages

The surname Fitzpatrick is readily identified as Irish. Until recently, the traditional Fitzpatrick surname narrative was of a medieval super-progenitor named Giolla Phádraig. His offspring, the eponymous Mac Giolla Phádraig, it was sai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,699 Views
13 Pages

Hyphenated High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Determination of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in Lombardia Region in Italy, Profile Levels and Assessment: One Year of Monitoring Activities During 2018

  • Salvatore Barreca,
  • Maddalena Busetto,
  • Luisa Colzani,
  • Laura Clerici and ,
  • Valeria Marchesi,
  • Laura Tremolada,
  • Daniela Daverio and
  • Pierluisa Dellavedova
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

In this research paper, we report a hyphenated technique based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of twelve Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in surface and groundwater samples from Lombar...

  • Review
  • Open Access
33 Citations
10,480 Views
23 Pages

A Review of Research Progress in the Preparation and Application of Ferrate(VI)

  • Jianping Yu,
  • Sumita,
  • Kai Zhang,
  • Qijia Zhu and ,
  • Chengzhang Wu,
  • Saikai Huang,
  • Yunshu Zhang,
  • Sijing Yao and
  • Weihai Pang
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

10 February 2023

Ferrate(VI) is a green and efficient water treatment agent for drinking and wastewater. It is widely used in water treatment because it has multi-functional uses such as oxidation, algae removal, disinfection, and adsorption flocculation. It does not...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soluble Microbial Products and Perfluorinated Compounds in Wastewater Treatment)
  • Perspective
  • Open Access
579 Views
17 Pages

23 June 2026

Both capillary electrophoresis (CE) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) are analytical techniques of high performance given their efficient separation and their sensitive detection, respectively. They are predominantly adduced as standalone tech...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Analytical Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,893 Views
13 Pages

Non-Polar Natural Products from Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata and Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae)

  • Ole Johan Juvik,
  • Bjarte Holmelid,
  • George W. Francis,
  • Heidi Lie Andersen and ,
  • Ana Paula De Oliveira,
  • Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior,
  • Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida and
  • Torgils Fossen
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

6 September 2017

Extensive regional droughts are already a major problem on all inhabited continents and severe regional droughts are expected to become an increasing and extended problem in the future. Consequently, extended use of available drought resistant food p...

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,038 Views
19 Pages

Elemental and Speciation Analyses of Different Brands of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

  • Jędrzej Proch,
  • Aleksandra Orłowska and
  • Przemysław Niedzielski

26 November 2021

In this work, a methodology for determination of As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), Fe(II) and Fe(III) in fifty-eight samples (forty-nine products of thirteen brands from three countries) commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) was perfo...

(This article belongs to the Section Food Analytical Methods)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,033 Views
11 Pages

The optimization and application of a new hyphenated procedure for iron ionic speciation, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with short cation–exchange column (50 mm × 4 mm) coupled to high resolution inductively coupled...

(This article belongs to the Section Analytical Chemistry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,399 Views
11 Pages

Gas Chromatography—High-Temperature Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry as a Novel Tool for Forensic Drug Testing

  • Vera Reinstadler,
  • Rene Gutmann,
  • Florian Pitterl,
  • Klaus Winkler and
  • Herbert Oberacher

Proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is a versatile tool for the mass spectrometric analysis of organic molecules in gaseous samples. Due to its operation principle, PTR-MS is a soft ionization technique generating spectral data typica...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Separations from Editorial Board Members)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1,741 Views
6 Pages

Joint Forces of HR-Spicp-MS and EAF4-MALS for Characterization of Gold Nanorods Conjugated with Synthetic Glycopolymers

  • Milica Velimirovic,
  • Alessia Pancaro,
  • Robert Mildner,
  • Panagiotis G. Georgiou and ,
  • Kristof Tirez,
  • Inge Nelissen,
  • Christoph Johann,
  • Matthew I. Gibson and
  • Frank Vanhaecke
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

11 November 2020

As the diversity of nanomaterials is wide and their size can vary by 2 orders of magnitude (1−100 nm), the development of new and advanced analytical tools for their in-depth characterization is of paramount importance, allowing a fundamental underst...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Online-Conference on Nanomaterials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,612 Views
17 Pages

19 February 2022

Spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs), whose unique properties regarding biomedical applications were broadly investigated, are an object of interest as nanocarriers in drug targeted delivery systems (DTDSs). The possibility of surface functionalizatio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges, Opportunities, and Innovation in Local Drug Delivery)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,973 Views
35 Pages

Conventional Chromatographic Techniques and Biosensors for Mercury Speciation in Seafood: A Systematic Review

  • Doaa Abouelenein,
  • Miguel Henares,
  • Ana Fuentes,
  • Isabel Fernández-Segovia and ,
  • José M. Barat,
  • Katrin Loeschner,
  • Lene Duedahl-Olesen,
  • Maribel Gómez-Gómez,
  • Amadeu Griol and
  • Jens J. Sloth
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

10 March 2026

Mercury (Hg) is of significant concern due to its toxicity, which strongly depends on its chemical forms, and organic mercury compounds, particularly methylmercury (MeHg), are considered the most toxic species. Therefore, mercury speciation analysis...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foodborne Chemicals and Nutrients at the Crossroads of Food Safety, Nutrition and Public Health)
  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
4,766 Views
41 Pages

Polyphenols are a structurally diverse group of plant secondary metabolites widely recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and chemoprotective properties, which have stimulated their extensive use in food, pharmaceutical,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Analysis of Bioactive Plant Extracts: Separation Techniques and Their Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,054 Views
18 Pages

12 June 2019

The reliable online analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath remains a challenge, as a plethora of molecules occur in different concentration ranges (i.e., ppt to %) and need to be detected against an extremely complex background matrix. Alth...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors for Nuclear, Physical, Biological and Chemical Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,627 Views
14 Pages

Hyphenation of Field-Flow Fractionation and Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy

  • Norbert Löwa,
  • Patricia Radon,
  • Dirk Gutkelch,
  • Rinaldo August and
  • Frank Wiekhorst

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit unique magnetic properties making them ideally suited for a variety of biomedical applications. Depending on the desired magnetic effect, MNPs must meet special magnetic requirements which are mainly determined b...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field-Flow Fractionation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,527 Views
14 Pages

24 October 2023

In responding to the call for exploring and explicating aspects of the research process that remain unspoken about in most social science fields, this narrative asks deceptively simple questions: what does it mean to carry out research as an academic...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stories of Violence, War, and Displacement: Intersections of Life, Research, and Knowledge Production)
  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,943 Views
20 Pages

26 November 2021

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that can be used for various applications in a number of scientific areas including environmental, security, forensic science, space exploration, agri-food, and numerous others. MS is also continuing...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis in Various Matrices)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,963 Views
11 Pages

A comparison between the classical gas chromatography (GC) technique with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) technology was performed using an essential oil of Citrus limon (lemon) as a model, considering its wide use in the cosmetic world. For...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Career Stars in Separation Analysis of Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,163 Views
13 Pages

Study on Sulfide Oxidation in a Clay Matrix by the Hyphenated Method

  • Eulalia Zumaquero,
  • Jessica Gilabert,
  • Eva María Díaz-Canales,
  • María Fernanda Gazulla and
  • María Pilar Gómez-Tena

13 October 2021

The requirement of a ceramic product with high technical and aesthetic performance makes it necessary to select and control raw materials to avoid losses caused by low-quality products. Many defects have their origin in impurities present in clay min...

(This article belongs to the Section Clays and Engineered Mineral Materials)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,822 Views
28 Pages

29 September 2024

Although not expected to be used due to restrictions raised on their usage, Persisted Organic Pollutants (POP) such as organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) can be found in several matrices, even nowadays. The lack of biodegradation and, furthermore, t...

(This article belongs to the Section Chromatographic Separations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
12,898 Views
19 Pages

Screening for Triterpenoid Saponins in Plants Using Hyphenated Analytical Platforms

  • Bekzod Khakimov,
  • Li Hong Tseng,
  • Markus Godejohann,
  • Søren Bak and
  • Søren Balling Engelsen

24 November 2016

Recently the number of studies investigating triterpenoid saponins has drastically increased due to their diverse and potentially attractive biological activities. Currently the literature contains chemical structures of few hundreds of triterpenoid...

(This article belongs to the Collection Triterpenes and Triterpenoids)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,489 Views
24 Pages

For centuries, Asians living in the U.S. have had to negotiate between the narratives that dominant society has imposed upon them and their understanding of what it means to be Asian and Asian American. When combined with the hierarchies of racial ca...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Who Are We Really? Genealogical Deconstructions of Monoracialism through Mixed and Contested Racial Identities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
8,062 Views
19 Pages

14 October 2020

Accurate physico-chemical characterization of exosomes and liposomes in biological media is challenging due to the inherent complexity of the sample matrix. An appropriate purification step can significantly reduce matrix interferences, and thus faci...

(This article belongs to the Section Nanochemistry)
  • Review
  • Open Access
45 Citations
9,042 Views
22 Pages

Element analysis in clinical or biological samples is important due to the essential role in clinical diagnostics, drug development, and drug-effect monitoring. Particularly, the specific forms of element binding, actual redox state, or their spatial...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Homeostasis: Metals and Cellular Redox and Immunity Status)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,152 Views
12 Pages

15 November 2017

Azathioprine is the main thiopurine drug used in the treatment of immune-based inflammations of gastrointestinal tract. For the purpose of therapy control and optimization, effective and reliable analytical methods for a rapid drug monitoring in biol...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 46th EuroCongress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis (ECDSA-2017))
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,660 Views
13 Pages

19 December 2021

The requirements for analytical tools are changing due to the global production chain, the increasing cases of adulteration, and the growing trend towards consumption of plant-based food products worldwide. The assessment of bioactivity of natural fo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
8,615 Views
21 Pages

A Hyphenated Technique based on High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography for Determining Neutral Sphingolipids: A Proof of Concept

  • Andrés Domínguez,
  • Carmen Jarne,
  • Vicente L. Cebolla,
  • Javier Galbán and ,
  • María Savirón,
  • Jesús Orduna,
  • Luis Membrado,
  • María-Pilar Lapieza,
  • Elena Romero and
  • Rosa Garriga
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

Hyphenated HPTLC has been used to analyze several neutral sphingolipids acting as lysosomal storage disease (LSD) biomarkers. Automated multiple development (AMD) provides separation of lipid peaks, which are detected and quantified using fluorescenc...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Thin-Layer Chromatography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
8,008 Views
14 Pages

3 March 2019

Marine organisms produce an array of biologically active natural products, many of which have unique structures that have not been found in terrestrial organisms. Hence, marine algae provide a unique source of bioactive compounds. The present study i...

  • Review
  • Open Access
123 Citations
13,333 Views
15 Pages

The introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and betrixaban, provides safe and effective alternative to previous anticoagulant therapies. DOACs directly, selectively, and reversibly inhi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Anticoagulant)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,871 Views
14 Pages

Hyphenation of Thermodesorption into GC × GC-TOFMS for Odorous Molecule Detection in Car Materials: Column Sets and Adaptation of Second Column Dimensions to TD Pressure Constraints

  • Romain Klein,
  • José Dugay,
  • Jérôme Vial,
  • Didier Thiébaut and ,
  • Guy Colombet,
  • Donatien Barreteau and
  • Guillaume Gruntz
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Vehicle interior air quality is an issue of growing interest among car manufacturers and customers. GC-MS is the benchmark method for the analysis of indoor air or material emissions. It is suitable for the quantification of target pollutants and the...

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Paper Collection in Section ‘Chromatographic Separations’)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,162 Views
14 Pages

Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae) is native to mountainous areas of Asia and is a plant species used in traditional medicine for more than two thousand years. The species was reported to have many biological activities, such as neuroprotective, antioxida...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Properties of Medicinal Plants)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,628 Views
16 Pages

Heparins, unfractionated or low molecular weight, are permanently in the spotlight of both clinical indications and laboratory monitoring. An accurate drug dosage is necessary for an efficient and safe therapy. The one-stage kinetic anti-FXa assays a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Anticoagulant)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,731 Views
17 Pages

Simultaneous Monitoring of Monoclonal Antibody Variants by Strong Cation-Exchange Chromatography Hyphenated to Mass Spectrometry to Assess Quality Attributes of Rituximab-Based Biotherapeutics

  • Fiammetta Di Marco,
  • Thomas Berger,
  • Wolfgang Esser-Skala,
  • Erdmann Rapp and ,
  • Christof Regl and
  • Christian G. Huber
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

23 August 2021

Different manufacturing processes and storage conditions of biotherapeutics can lead to a significant variability in drug products arising from chemical and enzymatic post-translational modifications (PTMs), resulting in the co-existence of a plethor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MS-Based Protein Specific Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,860 Views
15 Pages

3 January 2024

The EU has approved the usage of gold as a food additive (E175) and it has been applied in numerous foods for coloring and decoration purposes. Different from the general assumption that edible gold is mainly present in the form of flakes or external...

(This article belongs to the Section Food Chemistry)
  • Review
  • Open Access
80 Citations
9,949 Views
38 Pages

12 November 2019

Luteolin is a flavonoid often found in various medicinal plants that exhibits multiple biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Commercially available medicinal plants and their preparations containing...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemical Omics in Medicinal Plants)
  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
15,030 Views
16 Pages

Analytical Chemistry in the 21st Century: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Perspectives of Complex Matrices Quantitative Analyses in Biological/Clinical Field

  • Giuseppe Maria Merone,
  • Angela Tartaglia,
  • Marcello Locatelli,
  • Cristian D’Ovidio and ,
  • Enrica Rosato,
  • Ugo de Grazia,
  • Francesco Santavenere,
  • Sandra Rossi and
  • Fabio Savini
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

30 October 2020

Nowadays, the challenges in analytical chemistry, and mostly in quantitative analysis, include the development and validation of new materials, strategies and procedures to meet the growing need for rapid, sensitive, selective and green methods. In t...

(This article belongs to the Collection Analytical and Applied Chemistry: The Challenges and Opportunities for Growth in the 21st Century)
  • Review
  • Open Access
32 Citations
19,632 Views
14 Pages

LC–NMR for Natural Product Analysis: A Journey from an Academic Curiosity to a Robust Analytical Tool

  • Tesfay Gebretsadik,
  • Wolfgang Linert,
  • Madhu Thomas,
  • Tarekegn Berhanu and
  • Russell Frew

6 January 2021

Liquid chromatography (LC)–nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combines the advantage of the outstanding separation power of liquid chromatography (LC) and the superior structural elucidating capability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR has...

  • Review
  • Open Access
52 Citations
15,526 Views
50 Pages

In the environment, pharmaceutical residues are a field of particular interest due to the adverse effects to either human health or aquatic and soil environment. Because of the diversity of these compounds, at least 3000 substances were identified an...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
19 Citations
8,874 Views
18 Pages

Current Trends in Simultaneous Determination of Co-Administered Drugs

  • Christian Celia,
  • Luisa Di Marzio,
  • Marcello Locatelli,
  • Piera Ramundo and ,
  • Francesca D’Ambrosio and
  • Angela Tartaglia
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Recently, high demand of high-throughput analyses with high sensitivity and selectivity to molecules and drugs in different classes with different physical-chemical properties—and a reduction in analysis time—is a principal milestone for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,238 Views
12 Pages

Identification of Molecular Fragments in Equilibrium with Polysiloxane Ultrasmall Nanoparticles

  • Paul Rocchi,
  • Lucie Labied,
  • Tristan Doussineau,
  • Michel Julien and ,
  • Barbara Giroud,
  • Emmanuelle Vulliet,
  • Jérôme Randon,
  • Olivier Tillement,
  • Agnès Hagège and
  • François Lux
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

22 February 2022

During recent decades, ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest due to their favorable biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and theranostic properties. In particular, AGuIX nanoparticles made of polysiloxane and gadolinium...

(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials and Metal-Organic Frameworks)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
12 Citations
8,944 Views
14 Pages

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are of particular interest for biomedical applications due to their unique size-dependent longitudinal surface plasmon resonance band in the visible to near-infrared. Purified GNRs are essential for the advancement of technologie...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field-Flow Fractionation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,808 Views
10 Pages

First Apocarotenoids Profiling of Four Microalgae Strains

  • Mariosimone Zoccali,
  • Daniele Giuffrida,
  • Fabio Salafia,
  • Carmen Socaciu and ,
  • Kari Skjånes,
  • Paola Dugo and
  • Luigi Mondello
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Both enzymatic or oxidative carotenoids cleavages can often occur in nature and produce a wide range of bioactive apocarotenoids. Considering that no detailed information is available in the literature regarding the occurrence of apocarotenoids in mi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carotenoids)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
68 Citations
17,600 Views
47 Pages

Chromatographic Techniques in the Research Area of Lithium Ion Batteries: Current State-of-the-Art

  • Yannick Philipp Stenzel,
  • Fabian Horsthemke,
  • Martin Winter and
  • Sascha Nowak

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in numerous application areas, including portable consumer electronics, medicine, grid storage, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. One major challenge during operation and storage is the degra...

  • Short Note
  • Open Access
29 Citations
9,119 Views
14 Pages

24 September 2012

A combination of on-line HPLC-NMR and off-line chemical investigations has resulted in the identification of the previously reported polyhalogenated monoterpene plocamenone, together with the new structural analogue isoplocamenone from the crude extr...

of 5