Targeted Delivery of Cisplatin by Gold Nanoparticles: The Influence of Nanocarrier Surface Modification Type on the Efficiency of Drug Binding Examined by CE-ICP-MS/MS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Gold Nanoparticle–Cisplatin Systems Preparation
2.2. CE-ICP-MS/MS Method Figures of Merit
2.3. Investigation of Gold Nanoparticle–Cisplatin Systems Formation, Reaction Kinetics, and Stability
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Nanocarrier–Drug Systems Preparation
3.3. CE-ICP-MS/MS Instrumentation
3.4. UV-Vis Measurement
3.5. DLS and ζ-Potential Measurement
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CE System | |
Capillary | Fused silica capillary, i.d. 75 µm, o.d. 375 µm, 70 cm length |
BGE * | Phosphate buffer, 10 mM, pH 7.4 |
Temperature | 37 °C |
Voltage | +17 kV |
Current | 20–40 µA |
Sample injection | Hydrodynamic, 30 mbar, 5 s |
ICP-MS/MS System | |
RF power | 1570 W |
Sample depth | 8.2 mm |
Plasma gas | 15.0 L min−1 |
Nebulizer gas flow | 1.10 L min−1 |
Sheath liquid | 10 ng mL−1 72Ge in 1 mM PB |
Sheath liquid flow | 10 µL min−1 |
Cell gas (O2) flow | 0.51 mL min−1 |
Monitored mases | 72Ge+, 197Au+, 195Pt+, 32S16O+ |
Analyte | RSD (%) (n = 3) | LOD (mol L−1) | LOQ (mol L−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Migration Time | Peak Area | 195Pt | 197Au | 195Pt | 197Au | |
CDDP | 5.1 | 7.0 | 2.16 × 10−8 | – | 6.47 × 10−8 | – |
CDDP* | 2.7 | 7.5 | 3.87 × 10−8 | – | 1.16 × 10−8 | – |
GNP-PEG-biotin | 0.8 | 2.8 | – | 2.29 × 10−11 | – | 6.88 × 10−11 |
GNP-PEG-OCH3 | 8.9 | 4.7 | – | 8.59 × 10−12 | – | 22.58 × 10−11 |
GNP-PEG-COOH | 0.7 | 8.7 | – | 7.17 × 10−12 | – | 2.15 × 10−11 |
GNPs Functionalization Type (Terminal Moiety); Reagents Ratio ** | The Estimated Density of PEG-Moieties on the GNPs Surface | The Estimated Number of PEG-Moieties on the Surface of Each GNP [-] | The Highest CDDP* Concentration in GNCSs [µM] | Efficiency of Moieties Saturation with CDDP* Molecules [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Methoxyl-; 1:400 | 4 per 1 nm2 | ~1256 | 1.77 | 4.55 |
Carboxyl-; 1:800 | 1 per 1 nm2 | ~314 | 2.12 | 21.70 |
Biotin; 1:400 | 0.5 per 1 nm2 | ~157 | 1.91 | 39.23 |
GNPs Functionalization (Terminal Moiety); Reagents Ratio ** | before [mV] | CDDP [mV] | CDDP* [mV] |
---|---|---|---|
Methoxyl-; 1:400 | −24.6 ±1.0 | −24.1 ±1.0 | −24.3 ±1.3 |
Carboxyl-; 1:800 | −21.4 ±1.0 | −23.1 ±1.8 | −27.1 ±0.8 |
Biotin; 1:400 | −19.9 ±1.2 | −19.4 ±0.7 | −22.7 ±0.8 |
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Wróblewska, A.M.; Milewska, A.; Drozd, M.; Matczuk, M. Targeted Delivery of Cisplatin by Gold Nanoparticles: The Influence of Nanocarrier Surface Modification Type on the Efficiency of Drug Binding Examined by CE-ICP-MS/MS. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042324
Wróblewska AM, Milewska A, Drozd M, Matczuk M. Targeted Delivery of Cisplatin by Gold Nanoparticles: The Influence of Nanocarrier Surface Modification Type on the Efficiency of Drug Binding Examined by CE-ICP-MS/MS. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(4):2324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042324
Chicago/Turabian StyleWróblewska, Anna M., Aleksandra Milewska, Marcin Drozd, and Magdalena Matczuk. 2022. "Targeted Delivery of Cisplatin by Gold Nanoparticles: The Influence of Nanocarrier Surface Modification Type on the Efficiency of Drug Binding Examined by CE-ICP-MS/MS" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4: 2324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042324