Retrofitting a tangentially fired boiler into a slag-tap boiler offers a solution for fully burning high-alkali coal in power plant boilers. Numerical simulation and hydrodynamic calculation of such a retrofit scheme were performed in this study. The...
Tunnels have significantly expanded human activity spaces and alleviated urban congestion and environmental pollution on the surface. However, fires and associated smoke propagation in tunnels pose common and critical challenges in underground space...
To investigate resistance change in the fire area of a roadway caused by roadway fires, a mathematical calculation model for thermal resistance is developed. Theoretical research is conducted to analyze the factors influencing resistance change throu...
In recent years, due to the diversity of fire scenes in ports and ships, the problem of fire command is complicated. In the case of power failure, the original command platform and fire extinguishing system will not be able to be used normally, or th...
The popular simulation process that uses traditional cellular automata with a fixed time step to simulate forest fire spread may be limited in its ability to reflect the characteristics of actual fire development. This study combines cellular automat...
The time–temperature curve serves as a fundamental input for calculating structural fire resistance. Accurate acquisition of this curve is essential for designing structures to withstand fire incidents effectively. In this study, fire test temp...
To address the difficulty in conducting fire tests to verify the fire-resistance limit of large one-way slabs with heavy loads in a metro, a scale fire test method is proposed based on the bearing capacity calculation of the one-way slab under fire....
The rapid expansion of cities brings in new challenges for the urban firefighting security, while the increasing fire frequency poses serious threats to the life, property, and safety of individuals living in cities. Firefighting in cities is a chall...
This paper proposes a dynamic evolutionary model to quantify the domino effect of ship engine room fires. Based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of fire accidents, the dynamic probability of the domino effect of multiple accident units is...
In this study, we focus on the effects of fuel bed representation and fire heat and smoke distribution in a coupled fire-atmosphere simulation platform for two landscape-scale fires: the 2018 Camp Fire and the 2021 Caldor Fire. The fuel bed represent...
Concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns are widely used as structural systems because of their high load-bearing capacity and material efficiency. However, under fire conditions, elevated temperatures degrade the mechanical properties of both steel...
Different kinds of explosions are driven by the internal energy accumulated in compressed gas or superheated liquid. A well-known example of such an explosion is the burst of a vessel with pressure-liquefied substance, known as Boiling Liquid Expandi...
In South Korea, the need to link fire and evacuation simulations to compare the available safety egress time (ASET) and required safety egress time (RSET) in real time when implementing performance-based design in buildings is increasing. Accordingly...
Fire-induced domino effects in tank farms can be catastrophic, particularly under wind conditions. However, due to multiple evolutionary stages, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based modelling of wind-influenced, fire-induced domino effects and ta...
This paper considers automated fire behavior prediction in larch forests of the Kazakhstan Altai based on large-scale vegetation fuel maps (VF maps). First-time pyrological description of the Kazakhstan Altai larch forests was performed, thus facilit...
With the increasing frequency of global forest fires, research on the spread of forest fires has become one of the important directions in fire research. In order to improve the accuracy of surface fire spread simulation, based on relevant forest res...
The fire effect and performance of bridge pylons under construction were investigated via an analysis conducted on two types of pylons with different wall thicknesses. Three fire scenarios, namely internal fire, external ring fire, and external side...
Post-installed rebars (PIRs) using mortar can offer bond strength at ambient temperature equal or higher to that of cast-in place rebars. However, high temperatures have the effect of weakening the bond, typically governed by the chemical and physica...
A jet flame occurs when the release of flammable gas or liquid ignites, resulting in a long, intense, and highly directional flame. This type of fire is commonly associated with industrial incidents involving pipelines, storage tanks, and other press...
Governments often plan multiple fire stations simultaneously to improve firefighting capabilities, but constructing them within limited resources and time remains a challenge. A spatial decision support model is proposed in this study to determine th...
The interaction mechanism of multi-physical fields in a 330 MW tangentially fired boiler is explored by coupling the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model and the working fluid side hydrodynamic model under steady-state conditions. The research fo...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the transport phenomena of smoke flow and vertical temperature distribution in a 21-story stairwell with multiple fire locations and openings. A large eddy simulation (LES) method was used to model the smoke flow...
This paper focuses on the behavior of anchor channels in the event of fire. The contribution of this project lies in the necessity coming from the market to study the fire resistance of anchor channels more thoroughly, considering the modes of failur...
The spatial–temporal simulation of fire disasters and evacuation route planning are important research fields for urban emergency responses and are primary tasks that answer complex questions after fires break out. The increasing demand for ref...
Biological activity and the physical environment regulate greenhouse gas fluxes (CH4, N2O and NO) from upland soils. Wildfires are known to alter these factors such that we collected daily weather records, fire return intervals, or specific fire year...
In performance-based design for domestic buildings, there is a growing need for real-time comparison between the Available Safe Egress Time and Required Safe Egress Time through the integration of fire and evacuation simulations. Therefore, the utili...
Ventilation velocity conditions may affect the smoke diffusion and evacuation environment in a tunnel fire, which should be fully considered in evacuation spacing designs of undersea tunnels. This study focuses on reasonable evacuation spacing under...
Accurate wildfire spread modeling critically depends on the representation of wind dynamics, which vary with terrain, land cover characteristics, and height above ground. Many fire spread models are often coupled with coarse atmospheric grids that ca...
To address the discrepancy between the constant-power fire sources currently used in cable fire-related research and cable fire protection product testing and actual cable fires, this paper proposes a cable equivalent combustion simulation method bas...
Boreal forest fire history is typically reconstructed using tree-ring based time since last fire (TSLF) frequency distributions from across the landscape. We employed stochastic landscape fire simulations to assess how large a study area and how many...
8 December 2022
The domino event caused by fire is one of the common accidents in hydrocarbon storage tank farms, which further expands the severity and scope of the accident. Due to the different failure sequence of the storage tanks in a domino accident, the radia...
The disruptions to wildland fires, such as firebreaks, roads and rivers, can limit the spread of wildfire propagating through surface or crown fire. A large forest can be separated into different zones by carefully constructing firebreaks through mod...
Experimental studies on the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to extinguish high-repeatability transmission line wildfires are not available. In this study, a scheme involving a UAV releasing a fire-extinguishing bomb at a high altitude...
Gas-fire-suppression systems are currently applied to some specific buildings in Norway, as sprinkler systems may not provide sufficient protection in some cases. The application of inert-gas-fire-suppression systems for hazard class 6 buildings need...
Large-scale fire danger assessment has become increasingly relevant in the past few years, and is usually based on weather information. Still, fuel characteristics also play an important role in fire behavior. This study presents a fire behavior simu...
Faster than real-time wildland fire simulators are being increasingly adopted by land managers to provide decision support for tactical wildfire management and assist with strategic risk planning. These simulators are typically based on simple forwar...
The continued increase in human lifespans is accelerating the aging of the population in most countries. The increase in elderly care facilities corresponds to a relative increase in the number of people who are vulnerable in the context of evacuatio...
Tunnel fires are one of the most dangerous catastrophic events that endanger human life. They cause damage to infrastructure because of the limited space in the tunnel, lack of escape facilities, and difficulty that intervention forces have in reachi...
To explore the evacuation situation of the underground space in the Starting Area of Guangzhou International Financial City under fire, personal evacuation was simulated with Pathfinder in three zones. Then, the visual animation and the human flow ra...
This paper concerns the fire-control command calculation (FCCC) of an unmanned autonomous helicopter (UAH). It determines the final effect of the UAH attack. Although many different FCCC methods have been proposed for finding optimal or near-optimal...
An advanced algorithm has been developed in order to analyze the performance of re-boiling process of crude oil flowing inside reboilers tubes. The proposed model is composed from Heptane fire heater and a tube array. The heat flux produced from burn...
On the evening of 5 April 2014, at a building located on 122 Tomis Boulevard, Constanta Municipality, Constanta County, Romania, a restaurant with its kitchen on the ground floor and a lounge bar located on the first floor experienced a fire, one tha...
Understanding the relationship between fire behavior and the driving weather conditions is critical for fire management and long-term fire risk assessment. In this study, we focus on two wildfire events: the Split wildfire in Croatia and the Forcett&...
On 8–9 October 2017, fourteen wildfires developed rapidly during a strong Diablo wind event in northern California including the Tubbs Fire, which travelled over 19 km in 3.25 h. Here, we applied the CAWFE® coupled numerical weather predict...
Steel fibers are widely used because they can effectively improve the tensile, compressive and flexural properties of concrete structures. The selection of steel fiber dosage and aspect ratio at high temperature has an important impact on the flexura...
Guided by the technical requirements for tunnel fire safety, an overview of tunnel piston wind, combustion models, and full-size and small tunnel fire tests is presented. Firstly, the theoretical model and numerical calculation methods for piston win...
The issue of overpressure at fire doors in escape passage is often overlooked in traditional tunnel design. Current design approaches tend to overemphasize maintaining positive pressure inside the passage for smoke prevention, which results in excess...
Fire is one of the most undesirable events onboard a ship. The engine room is one of the most critical spaces in the ship in terms of fire protection, as it includes machinery, hydrocarbon fuel systems, and different electrical equipment. With the ph...
Existing fire smoke detectors use the intensity of scattering light or the light extinction coefficient as the indicator of fire smoke to trigger fire alarms. However, false fire alarms could be triggered by dust and water fog. Achieving reliable ear...
The ecological resilience of boreal forests is an important element of measuring forest ecosystem capacity recovered from a disturbance, and is sensitive to broad-scale factors (e.g., climate change, fire disturbance and human related impacts). There...
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