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Applied Mechanics
Special Issues
Thermal Mechanisms in Solids and Interfaces
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Thermal Mechanisms in Solids and Interfaces

A special issue of Applied Mechanics (ISSN 2673-3161).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 3580

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jude Osara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
Interests: degradation analysis; system characterization; tribology; irreversible thermodynamics; lubricant grease; design and manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat affects materials and systems. Manufacturing processes often involve various forms of heat treatment, favorably transforming the material to a state of higher potential/energy/strength. Utilization processes are often accompanied by heat generation and can involve heat inflow, adversely transforming (i.e., degrading) the material to a state of lower potential/energy/strength. Heat outflow (i.e., cooling) slows down material degradation. Heat transfers through a solid via conduction, and away from the solid (surface) via convection and radiation. In tribological systems involving relative motion between surfaces—dry or lubricated—significant heat generation is induced by friction. With the continuous development of new materials and manufacturing techniques, and the need to optimize in-use processes, understanding thermal phenomena is crucial.

This Special Issue focuses on the thermal mechanisms in solid materials and system interfaces during formation/manufacturing and operation/utilization. Included in the scope are the following:

  • Microscopic and macroscopic characterizations of thermal phenomena.
  • Modeling and experimental measurements of heat generation, heat transfer and heat storage, and their impacts on material and system behavior.
  • Frictional heat generation and viscous dissipation.
  • Plasticity-induced heat generation.
  • Cooling and thermal optimization of active mechanical systems.
  • Heat treatment of solids.
  • Temporal and spatial temperature distribution in solids and interfaces.
  • Metals, polymers and other solid materials.
  • Bearings.

Dr. Jude Osara
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Mechanics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat generation, transfer and storage
  • contact temperatures
  • bulk temperatures
  • heat treatments
  • solid materials
  • frictional heat
  • thermal optimization

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4426 KiB  
Article
Steel Failure of Anchor Channels Under Fire Conditions—Proposal for a Temperature-Based Design Method
by Mohamed Semlali, Omar Al-Mansouri and Christoph Mahrenholtz
Appl. Mech. 2025, 6(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6020035 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 220
Abstract
This paper focuses on the behavior of anchor channels in the event of fire. The contribution of this project lies in the necessity coming from the market to study the fire resistance of anchor channels more thoroughly, considering the modes of failure to [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the behavior of anchor channels in the event of fire. The contribution of this project lies in the necessity coming from the market to study the fire resistance of anchor channels more thoroughly, considering the modes of failure to which they are subjected. The aim of this paper is to transform the method based on tests into a numerical method that allows calculation of the fire resistance at any time under fire conditions, for all fire scenarios (whether it is a standard fire or using performance-based design approaches). A 3D transient thermal model was developed using ANSYS 19.1 to determine the thermal distribution of anchor channels, simulated in uncracked concrete under ISO 834-1 fire conditions. Subsequently, a design model for steel-related failure modes under fire conditions was employed. The model consists of coupling the characteristic resistances of the anchor channel at ambient temperature with temperature-based reduction factors for steel-related failure modes to obtain the calculated fire resistances. The model was compared with fire test results available in the literature, and the comparison yielded satisfactory results, confirming its reliability and accuracy in capturing the relevant phenomena under fire conditions. The results of this research show that the model presents a good candidate to replace the current method of qualification of anchor channels under fire conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Mechanisms in Solids and Interfaces)
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32 pages, 7198 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Thermal Aspect in Hard Turning of AISI 52100 Alloy Steel Under Minimal Cutting Fluid Environment Using FEM
by Sandip Mane, Rajkumar Bhimgonda Patil, Mohan Lal Kolhe, Anindita Roy, Amol Gulabrao Kamble and Amit Chaudhari
Appl. Mech. 2025, 6(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6020026 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 266
Abstract
This paper describes a simulation study on the hard turning of AISI 52100 alloy steel with coated carbide tools under minimal cutting fluid conditions using the commercial software AdvantEdge. A finite element analysis coupled with adaptive meshing was carried out to accurately capture [...] Read more.
This paper describes a simulation study on the hard turning of AISI 52100 alloy steel with coated carbide tools under minimal cutting fluid conditions using the commercial software AdvantEdge. A finite element analysis coupled with adaptive meshing was carried out to accurately capture temperature gradients. To minimise the number of experiments while optimising the cutting parameters along with fluid application parameters, a cutting speed (v) of 80 m/min, feed rate (f) of 0.05 mm/rev, depth of cut (d) of 0.15 mm, nozzle stand-off distance (NSD) of 20 mm, jet angle (JA) of 30°, and jet velocity (JV) of 50 m/s were observed to be the optimal process parameters based on the combined response’s signal-to-noise ratios. The effects of each parameter on machined surface temperature, cutting force, cutting temperature, and tool–chip contact length were determined using ANOVA. The depth of cut affected cutting force, while cutting speed and jet velocity affected cutting temperature and tool–chip contact length. Cutting speed influenced machined surface temperature significantly, whereas other parameters showed minimal effect. Nozzle stand-off distance exhibited less significant effect. Taguchi optimisation determined the optimal combination of process parameters for minimising thermal effects during hard turning. Cutting temperature and cutting force simulation results were found to be highly consistent with experimental results. On the other hand, the simulated results for the tool–chip contact length and machined surface temperature were very close to the values found in the literature. The result validated the finite element model’s ability to accurately simulate thermal behaviour during hard-turning operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Mechanisms in Solids and Interfaces)
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28 pages, 6106 KiB  
Article
A Vibration-Based Test Technique to Evaluate the High-Cycle Fatigue Life of Thermal Interface Layers Used in the Electronic Industry
by Alaa Fezai, Anuj Sharma, Wolfgang Müller-Hirsch and André Zimmermann
Appl. Mech. 2025, 6(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6020023 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 400
Abstract
A testing method is developed to evaluate the acceleration- and strain-based fatigue life of a thermal interface layer in the high-cycle fatigue regime. The methodology adopts vibration-based fatigue testing, where adhesively bonded beams are excited at their resonant frequency under variable amplitude loading [...] Read more.
A testing method is developed to evaluate the acceleration- and strain-based fatigue life of a thermal interface layer in the high-cycle fatigue regime. The methodology adopts vibration-based fatigue testing, where adhesively bonded beams are excited at their resonant frequency under variable amplitude loading using an electrodynamic shaker. Fatigue failure is monitored through shifts in modal frequency and modal damping. Key findings include the identification of a 4% frequency shift as the failure criterion, corresponding to macro-delamination. The thickness of the thermal interface material influences acceleration-based fatigue life, decreasing by a factor of 0.2 when reduced from 0.3 mm to 0.15 mm and increasing by 5.5 when increased to 0.5 mm. Surface quality has a significant impact on both acceleration-based and strain-based fatigue curves. Beams from chemically etched aluminum–magnesium alloy specimens exhibit a sevenfold increase in fatigue life compared to beams from untreated printed circuit boards. Strain-based fatigue life increases with temperature, with a 0.2 reduction at −40 °C and an eightfold increase at 100 °C relative to 23 °C. The first principal strain ε1,rms is validated as a reliable local damage parameter, effectively characterizing fatigue behavior across varying TIM thicknesses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Mechanisms in Solids and Interfaces)
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23 pages, 7428 KiB  
Article
Continuous Cooling Transformation of Tool Steels X153CrMoV12 and 100MnCrW4: Analysis of Microstructure and Hardness Changes
by Michal Krbata, Marcel Kohutiar, Jana Escherova, Patrik Klučiar, Zbynek Studeny, Bohdan Trembach, Naďa Beronská, Alena Breznická and Ľudmila Timárová
Appl. Mech. 2025, 6(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6010016 - 26 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 594
Abstract
The aim of this work is to perform a detailed dilatometric analysis of the decomposition of austenite during the cooling process using experimentally derived continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for two specific tool steels, X153CrMoV12 Bohdan Bolzano, Bratislava, Slovakia and 100MnCrW4. The dilatometric [...] Read more.
The aim of this work is to perform a detailed dilatometric analysis of the decomposition of austenite during the cooling process using experimentally derived continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for two specific tool steels, X153CrMoV12 Bohdan Bolzano, Bratislava, Slovakia and 100MnCrW4. The dilatometric curves were compared with metallographic evaluations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, hardness measurements were performed to obtain additional information about the mechanical properties of the materials. All experimental work was performed using a DIL 805A. The accuracy of the resulting CCT diagrams was verified by comparing them with those calculated with the JMatPro software v12.4. The cooling rates ranged from 20 °C/s to 0.01 °C/s, depending on the specific type of steel tested. The novelty of this research is the combination of experimental and simulation methods to analyze the influence of alloying elements on the kinetics of phase transformations in tool steels. It was found that one of the most significant factors affecting the CCT diagrams is the weight percentage of alloying elements in the steels. These results clearly show that increasing the weight percentage of the content of alloying elements has a significant impact on the accuracy of the simulation results derived from the JMatPro software. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Mechanisms in Solids and Interfaces)
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12 pages, 3042 KiB  
Article
Oxyacetylene Flame Forming of Thick Steel Plates
by Jalal Joudaki, Mehdi Safari and Fábio A. O. Fernandes
Appl. Mech. 2025, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6010006 - 21 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1359
Abstract
One of the most widely used processes in ship hull plate manufacturing is the flame forming process (FFP). In this work, the fabrication of saddle-shaped specimens with FFP using a spiral irradiating pattern is studied experimentally. The deformation of the deformed plates by [...] Read more.
One of the most widely used processes in ship hull plate manufacturing is the flame forming process (FFP). In this work, the fabrication of saddle-shaped specimens with FFP using a spiral irradiating pattern is studied experimentally. The deformation of the deformed plates by FFP based on the spiral irradiating pattern is affected by process parameters such as the pitch of spiral passes (PSP), the radius of the starting circle (RSC), and the number of irradiation passes (NIP). However, in this work, the effects of process parameters on the deformation of SSS are statistically examined by the design of experiment (DOE) method based on response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental and statistical results show that the deformation of flame-formed SSS increases with the increase in RSC and NIP and the decrease in PSP. In addition, the results of the optimization procedure demonstrate that the maximum value of deformations of flame-formed saddle-shaped specimens is achieved by adjusting the process parameters as follows: PSP = 10 mm, RSC = 75 mm, and five NIPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Mechanisms in Solids and Interfaces)
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