Structural analysis of motoneuron somas and their associated proteins via immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains tedious and subjective, requiring costly software or adapted 2D manual methods that lack reproducibility and analytical rigor. Yet, neurodege...
Senna tora is one of the homologous crops used as a medicinal food containing an abundance of anthraquinones. Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) are key enzymes that catalyze polyketide formation; in particular, the chalcone synthase-like (CHS-L) g...
18 July 2024
Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disorder with increasing prevalence rates. Currently, only 8 FDA-approved drugs and 44 clinical trials exist for ALS treatment specifying the lacuna in disease-specific tre...
The phosphate transporter (PHT) family of proteins plays an imperative role in regulating phosphorus (P) acquisition as well as in translocation from the soil into cells and organs. Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient required for plant life tha...
Hexokinase (HXK) proteins play important roles in catalyzing hexose phosphorylation and sugar sensing and signaling. To investigate the roles of HXKs in cassava tuber root development, seven HXK genes (MeHXK1–7) were isolated and analyzed. A phylogen...
The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the most economically important crustacean in the world. The growth and development of shrimp muscle has always been the focus of attention. Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2), a member of MADS transcrip...
The blood clam (Anadara granosa) is an economic bivalve that is relatively tolerant to hypoxia, but its molecular mechanism of hypoxia tolerance is unclear. We found that a significant decrease in extracellular Ca2+ concentration and a marked increas...
Growth traits are influential factors that significantly affects the development of the sheep industry. A previous TMT proteomic analysis found that a key protein in the HIF signaling pathway, ARNT, may influence embryonic skeletal muscle growth and...
The gene encoding frog (Xenopus tropicalis) ependymin without the signaling sequence was gene-synthesized, and the protein successfully over-expressed in ~mg quantities adequate for crystallization using insect cell expression. Circular dichroism (CD...
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS) and invertase (INV) are all encoded by multigene families. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a comprehensive analysis of structure characteristics of these family genes is still lacking, and th...
Metallothioneins (MT) are small and cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions such as zinc, copper, cadmium, and nickel. In order to shed some light on MT gene structure and evolution, we cloned seven Paracentrotus lividus MT genes, comparing them...
Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in controlling skeletal muscle fiber type. However, little information is available concerning the expression of calcineurin in goat. Therefore, protein phosphatase 3...
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is essential for carbohydrate metabolism, catalyzing UDP-glucose synthesis, a precursor for sucrose and cellulose biosynthesis. While UGP genes have been widely studied in plants, their functions in Dendrocalamu...
Sucrose synthase (SS) is widely considered as the key enzyme involved in the plant sugar metabolism that is critical to plant growth and development, especially quality of the fruit. The members of SS gene family have been identified and characterize...
Tropomyosin (TPM) is a contractile protein responsible for muscle contraction through its actin-binding activity. The complete sequence of TPM in Haliotis discus hannai (Hdh-TPM) was 2160 bp, encoding 284 amino acids, and contained a TPM signature mo...
HVA22 family proteins with a conserved TB2/DP1/HVA22 domain are ubiquitous in eukaryotes. HVA22 family genes have been identified in a variety of plant species. However, there has been no comprehensive genome-wide analysis of HVA22 family genes in to...
Exogenous nitrogen and carbon can affect plant cell walls, which are composed of structural carbon. Sucrose synthase (SUS), invertase (INV), hexokinase (HXK), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) are the key enzymes of su...
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) function mainly as molecular chaperones that play vital roles in response to diverse stresses, especially high temperature. However, little is known about the molecular characteristics and evolutionary history of the...
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a vital role in adoption, growth, and development in plants but in wheat its characterization is still not very clear. Here, we report a genome-wide identi...
The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors play a crucial role in plant development and stress resistance. Elucidating the structure and function of bHLH family members related to rubber tree powdery mildew (Erysiphe quercico...
Magnesium (Mg) is an element involved in various key cellular processes in plants. Mg transporter (MGT) genes play an important role in magnesium distribution and ionic balance maintenance. Here, MGT family members were identified and characterized i...
Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but highly lethal cancer of the biliary epithelium, marked by heterogeneous molecular subtypes, unclear etiology, and poor five-year survival, highlighting the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies; therefore...
Transcription factors (TFs) play fundamental roles in the developmental processes of all living organisms. Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein-like (SBP/SBP-Box) is a major family of plant-specific TFs, which plays important roles in multiple processes...
PLAC8 is a cysteine-rich protein that serves as a central mediator of tumor evolution in mammals. PLAC8 motif-containing proteins widely distribute in fungi, algae, higher plants and animals that have been described to be implicated in fruit size, ce...
The WRKY family of transcription factors plays important roles in plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Ammopiptanthus nanus, the only evergreen broadleaf shrub endemic to the desert and semi-desert regions of northwestern China,...
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are crucial regulators in calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways, playing a pivotal role in plant response to abiotic stresses. However, there is still limited knowledge regarding the genes of the Popu...
Ramonda serbica Panc. is an ancient resurrection plant able to survive a long desiccation period and recover metabolic functions upon watering. The accumulation of protective late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAPs) is a desiccation tolerance hal...
Laminarans are of interest because they have been shown to induce various immune responses in animals and plants. These β-D-glucans differ from each other by their branching rate, which is possibly responsible for their biological activities. In...
The Gly-Asp-Ser-Leu (GDSL)-lipase family is a large subfamily of lipolytic enzymes that plays an important role in plant growth and defense against environmental stress. However, little is known about their function in pecans (Carya illinoensis K. Ko...
“A Mathematical Theory of Communication” was published in 1948 by Claude Shannon to address the problems in the field of data compression and communication over (noisy) communication channels. Since then, the concepts and ideas developed...
The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family plays essential roles in flowering regulation, plant development, and stress responses. However, its characteristics in Osmanthus fragrans remains largely unexplored. Here, a genome-wide...
Jatropha is a small woody perennial biofuel-producing shrub. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are novel stress regulatory zinc-finger proteins and are mainly associated with tolerance against various environmental abiotic stresses in Jatropha. In th...
Hybrid tea roses (Rosa hybrida) are economically important horticultural crops and highly susceptible to heat stress, which significantly impacts flower quality and yield. As a key member of the heat shock protein (HSP) family, HSP70 protein acts as...
Doubled haploid (DH) technology based on in vivo haploid induction (HI), which is used to obtain true-breeding lines within a single generation, is a technique that significantly increases modern crop-breeding efficiency. Recently, dicot Arabidopsis ...
Background: The ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is a typical halophyte with remarkable stress resistance traits, including salinity and alkalinity tolerance. As a crucial signaling transduction pathway for plant responses to environmenta...
The Domain of unknown function 506 (DUF506) family, which belongs to the PD-(D/E)XK nuclease superfamily, has not been functionally characterized. In this study, 266 DUF506 domain-containing genes were identified from algae, mosses, and land plants s...
Chemosensory systems are fundamental for insects to regulate behaviors such as prey detection, oviposition, and pollination. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemosensation remain poorly understood in many insect groups....
The efficient expression of recombinant proteins in aquaculture fish poses a significant challenge, partly due to the lack of dedicated bioinformatics tools for species-specific codon usage analysis and optimization. RiboScan (v1.0.0), a portable, si...
PLIN2 (Perilipin-2) is a protein that can anchor on the membrane of lipid droplets (LDs), playing a vital role in the early formation of LDs and in the regulation of LD metabolism in many types of cells. However, little research has been conducted in...
Avermectin is a widely used insecticide for pest control, such as the Plutella xylostella. Despite its efficacy in pest management, concerns have been raised regarding its effect on non-target species, such as the important economic insect silkworm (...
β-mannanase is one of the key enzymes to hydrolyze hemicellulose. At present, most β-mannanases are not widely applied because of their low enzyme activity and unsuitable enzymatic properties. In this work, a new β-mannanase from Enter...
The spiro compound, 5,5′-dimethoxy-1,3-bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-spiro[cyclopenta[a]indene-2,2′-indene]-1′,8(3′H,8aH)-dione (4), was synthesized and identified by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X...
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an enzyme widely involved in glycolysis in animal cells and in non-metabolic processes, including apoptosis and the regulation of gene expression. GAPDH is a ubiquitous protein that plays a pivotal...
Nitric oxide is a gaseous signalling molecule produced by plants. Slight changes in endogenous NO levels have significant biochemical and physiological consequences. We investigated the structural and functional properties of NO-responsive antiporter...
A novel cellulose microfibril swelling (Cms) gene of Bacillus sp. AY8 was successfully cloned and sequenced using a set of primers designed based on the conserved region of the gene from the genomic database. The molecular cloning of the Cms gene rev...
Background: Basic (region) leucine zippers (bZIPs) make up one of the largest families and are some of the most prevalent evolutionarily conserved transcription factors (TFs) in eukaryotic organisms. Plant bZIP family members are involved in seed ger...
The CCT (CO, COL and TOC1) gene family has been elucidated to be involved in the functional differentiation of the products in various plant species, but their specific mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present investigation, we conducted a ge...
TGA transcription factors are key regulators within the plant bZIP superfamily, coordinating stress adaptation as well as plant growth and development. Rapid-cycling Brassica rapa (RCBr) is a valuable genetic resource for investigating gene functions...
Although there have been several analyses for identifying cancer-associated pathways, based on gene expression data, most of these are based on single pathway analyses, and thus do not consider correlations between pathways. In this paper, we propose...
The Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF) transcription factor family is important for regulating plant growth and stress responses. Although the expression patterns of ERF family members have been reported in many plant species, their role in Populus alb...
of 172