1,420 Results Found

The outbreak of an epidemic disease may pose significant treats to human beings and may further lead to a global crisis. In order to control the spread of an epidemic, the effective management of rapidly increased medical waste through establishing a...

Noroviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Norovirus outbreaks frequently occur as epidemics which appear to be related to both genetic and environmental factors. This review considers recent progress in understanding these...

Epidemic outbreak control often involves a spatially explicit treatment area (quarantine, inoculation, ring cull) that covers the outbreak area and adjacent regions where hosts are thought to be latently infected. Emphasis on space however neglects t...

In this paper, we investigate the effect of an epidemic outbreak on consumer expenditures. In light of scanner panel data on consumers’ debit and credit card transactions, we present empirical evidence that outbreaks cause considerable disruption in...

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is an acute eye infection caused by adenovirus. We investigated an outbreak of EKC at an outpatient ophthalmology practice in the context of a suspected community wide increase in EKC activity. A site visit was mad...

In silico study of biologically invading organisms provide a means to evaluate the complex and potentially cryptic factors that can influence invasion success in scenarios where empirical studies would be difficult, if not impossible, to conduct. I u...

The widely used logistic model for epidemic case reporting data may be either restrictive or unrealistic in presence of containment measures when implemented after an epidemic outbreak. For flexibility in epidemic case reporting data modeling, we com...

(1) Background: During the COVID-19 outbreak in the Lazio region, a surge in emergency medical service (EMS) calls has been observed. The objective of present study is to investigate if there is any correlation between the variation in numbers of dai...

The epidemic outbreaks of the last two decades have led governments to rely more on computational tools for establishing protection policies. Computational approaches to modeling epidemics traditionally rely on compartmental models, network models, o...

Although social presence plays an essential role under general conditions, its role becomes significant for societal protection during the quarantine period in epidemic outbreak. In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and CO...

This paper deals with an infective process of type SIS, taking place in a closed population of moderate size that is inspected periodically. Our aim is to study the number of inspections that find the epidemic process still in progress. As the underl...

The calculation of the probability of a minor outbreak is crucial in analyzing a stochastic epidemic model. For stochastic epidemic models with fixed delays, the linear chain trick is applied to transform the delayed models into a family of ODE model...

Epidemic (e.g., COVID-19) outbreaks can seriously disrupt logistics, and the coordination of intercity logistics and urban distribution plays an important role in goods distribution. In previous studies, some scholars analyzed different sharing logis...

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the seasonal patterns of several infectious diseases. Understanding when and where an outbreak may occur is vital for public health planning and response. We usually rely on well-functioning surveillance systems to...

This study aimed at proposing a predictive model for real-time monitoring of epidemic dynamics at the municipal scale in Lombardy region, in northern Italy, leveraging Emergency Medical Services (EMS) dispatch data and Geographic Information Systems...

Simple mathematical tools are needed to quantify the threat posed by emerging and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks using minimal data capturing the outbreak trajectory. Here we use mathematical analysis, simulation and COVID-19 epidemic data...

Background/Objectives: Epidemic infectious diseases remain a persistent global threat, but whether declining outbreak frequency translates into reduced mortality is unclear. This gap is critical for emergency care systems, where timely intervention d...

In this work, a model for the simulation of infectious disease outbreaks including mobility data is presented. The model is based on the SAIR compartmental model and includes mobility data terms that model the flow of people between different regions...

The Ebola epidemic in West Africa between 2014 and 2015 was the deadliest since the discovery of the virus four decades ago. With the second-largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease currently raging in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, (DRC) it is...

(1) Background: The estimation of daily reproduction numbers throughout the contagiousness period is rarely considered, and only their sum R₀ is calculated to quantify the contagiousness level of an infectious disease. (2) Methods: We provide the equ...

Human-to-animal SARS-CoV-2 transmission was observed, including a veterinarian contracting COVID-19 through close contact with an infected cat, suggesting an atypical zoonotic transmission. This study investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibod...

Pandemics cause chaotic situations in supply chains (SC) around the globe, which can lead towards survivability challenges. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis that has severely affected global business dynamics. Sim...

In the last two decades, several coronavirus (CoV) interspecies jumping events have occurred between bats and other animals/humans, leading to major epidemics/pandemics and high fatalities. The SARS epidemic in 2002/2003 had a ~10% fatality. The disc...

Neutralizing antibodies to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) can be detected by 3 weeks post-infection and remain detectable through at least 24 weeks post-infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of neutralizing antibod...

Over the past century, the emergence/reemergence of arthropod-borne zoonotic agents has been a growing public health concern. In particular, agents from the genus Alphavirus pose a significant risk to both animal and human health. Human alphaviral di...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic arboviral disease that poses a great threat to global health in the Old World, and it is endemic in Europe, Asia, and Africa, including Sudan. In this retrospective study, we reviewed previous epid...

Identifying fungal clones propagated during outbreaks in hospital settings is a problem that increasingly confronts biologists. Current tools based on DNA sequencing or microsatellite analysis require specific manipulations that are difficult to impl...

Background/Objectives: Previously endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, mpox has since emerged globally, resulting in more than 150,000 cases in over 100 countries in the 2022 outbreak. The Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine is licens...

The study of infectious disease behavior has been a scientific concern for many years as early identification of outbreaks provides great advantages including timely implementation of public health measures to limit the spread of an epidemic. We prop...

Arboviruses remain a significant cause of morbidity, mortality and economic cost across the global human population. Epidemics of arboviral disease, such as Zika and dengue, also cause significant disruption to health services at local and national l...

During the past four decades, recurrent outbreaks of various arthropod-borne viruses have been reported in Mauritania. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on the epidemiology of the major arboviruses circulating in Mauritania. Onlin...

Background/Objectives: African Union (AU) guidance identifies decentralized diagnostics as central to epidemic preparedness. However, the epidemiological role of self-testing across epidemic-prone diseases remains underexplored. Drivers for the poten...

Mpox remains an important public health threat in several African countries, with recurrent outbreaks highlighting the need for decentralized and scalable diagnostic systems. During the 2024–2025 Mpox outbreak in Burundi, reliance on a single N...

As the Italian health system is regionally based, COVID-19 emergency actions are based on a general lockdown imposed by national authority and then management at local level by 21 regional authorities. Therefore, the pandemic response plan developed...

(1) Background: The implementation of effective control measures in a timely fashion is crucial to control the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to analyze the control measures implemented during the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as...

Ever since the World Health Organization gave the name COVID-19 to the coronavirus pneumonia disease, much of the world has been severely impact by the pandemic socially and economically. In this paper, the mathematical modeling and stability analyse...

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that has rapidly spread throughout the last few decades. Most preventive mechanisms to deal with the disease focus on the eradication of the vector mosquito and vaccination campaigns. However, appropriate mech...

Influenza A outbreaks occurred in two professional hockey teams just after two games they played against each other. Thirteen players and two staff members fell ill during 17–20 April 2022, while COVID-19 was prevalent. Altogether, seven player...

In this paper we describe a recently developed algorithm called Topological Weighted Centroid (TWC). TWC takes locations of an event of interest and analyzes the possible associated dynamics using the ideas of free energy and entropy. This novel math...

In the present work, we investigate the possibility that long-range airborne transport of infectious aerosols could initiate an epidemic outbreak at distances downwind beyond one hundred kilometers. For this, we have developed a simple atmospheric tr...

SARS-CoV-2 infection is the cause of COVID-19 in humans. In April 2020, SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed mink (Neovision vision) occurred in the Netherlands. The first outbreaks in Denmark were detected in June 2020 in three farms. A steep increase in...

Revisiting the classical model by Ross and Kermack-McKendrick, the Susceptible–Infectious–Recovered (SIR) model used to formalize the COVID-19 epidemic, requires improvements which will be the subject of this article. The heterogeneity in...

The characteristics of the whole PEDV genome that has circulated in Mexico from the first outbreak to the present are unknown. We chose samples obtained from 2013 to 2017 and sequenced them, which enabled us to identify the genetic variation and phyl...

Modelers typically use detailed simulation models and vary the fraction vaccinated to study outbreak control. However, there is currently no guidance for modelers on how much detail (i.e., heterogeneity) is necessary and how large a population to sim...

Poultry products are crucial for meeting consumer needs and ensuring food sustainability. Unlike previous studies that examined the effect of only one animal disease on broiler prices, this study utilized a time-varying parametric vector auto-regress...

Since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, China’s air pollution has been significantly affected by control measures on industrial production and human activities. In this study, we analyzed the temporal variations of NO₂ concentrations during the CO...

Diphtheria is a severely infectious and deadly bacterial disease with Corynebacterium diphtheriae as the causative agent. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, contagious diseases such as diphtheria have re-emerged due to disruptions in routine childhood immu...

Infectious disease control is a crucial public health issue. Although it is important to urgently perform public health measures in order to reduce the risk of spread, it could end up stigmatizing entire groups of people rather than offering control...

Throughout history, pandemics have forced societies to think beyond typical management and control protocols. The main goals of this study were to simulate and understand the spatial dynamics of COVID-19 spread and assess the efficacy of two policy m...

Introduction: Measles is a contagious disease that re-emerged among young adults as a consequence of suboptimal vaccination coverage. Since in the pre-vaccination era measles affected mainly children, little is known about measles-associated respirat...