The fatigue behavior of a cellular composite with an epoxy matrix and glass foam granules is analyzed and modeled by means of continuum damage mechanics. The investigated cellular composite is a particular type of composite foam, and is very similar...
The DNA damage response (DDR) and cellular metabolism exhibit a complex, bidirectional relationship crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Studies across multiple organisms, from yeast to humans, have revealed how cells rewire their metabolism in...
The nuclear matrix protein lamin A is a multifunctional protein with roles in DNA replication and repair, gene activation, transcriptional regulation, and maintenance of higher-order chromatin structure. Phosphorylation is the main determinant of lam...
In order to investigate the steel fiber parameters on the damage characteristics and crack evolution of cellular concrete materials, uniaxial compression–acoustic emission combined tests were carried out on steel-fiber-reinforced cellular concr...
DNA repair (DNA damage) foci observed 24 h and later after irradiation are called “residual” in the literature. They are believed to be the repair sites for complex, potentially lethal DNA double strand breaks. However, the features of th...
To explore the damage mitigation mechanism of steel fiber-reinforced cellular concrete (SFR-CC) under underwater explosion loading, this study systematically analyzes two key variables: steel fiber volume fraction (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) and pro...
Food safety hazards induce diverse cellular damages including DNA damage, oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, and membrane disruption, ultimately contributing to various human diseases. Conventional toxicity assays, while effective, are often resou...
10 September 2018
We reviewed available evidence in medical literature concerning experimental models of exposure to ionizing radiations (IR) and their mechanisms of producing damages on living organisms. The traditional model is based on the theory of “stochast...
Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are the most widely used engineered nanomaterials. The individual toxicities of metal-based NPs have been plentifully studied. However, the mixture toxicity of multiple NP systems (n ≥ 3) remains much less understood....
Metabolism is a fundamental cellular process that can become harmful for cells by leading to DNA damage, for instance by an increase in oxidative stress or through the generation of toxic byproducts. To deal with such insults, cells have evolved soph...
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are employed as a non-invasive medicinal therapy, especially in the orthopedic field to stimulate bone regeneration. However, the effect of PEMF on skeletal muscle cells (SkMC) has been understudied. Here, we stud...
Senescent cells are relatively stable, lacking proliferation capacity yet retaining metabolic activity. In contrast, cancer cells are rather invasive and devastating, with uncontrolled proliferative capacity and resistance to cell death signals. Alth...
Radiotherapy (ionising radiation; IR) is utilised in the treatment of ~50% of all human cancers, and where the therapeutic effect is largely achieved through DNA damage induction. In particular, complex DNA damage (CDD) containing two or more lesions...
9 November 2024
Ionizing radiation has been a critical tool in various fields, such as medicine, agriculture, and energy production, since its discovery in 1895. While its applications—particularly in cancer treatment and diagnostics—offer significant be...
Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) is an autonomous parvovirus of the Parvoviridae family that replicates in mouse cells and transformed human cells. MVM genomes localize to cellular sites of DNA damage with the help of their essential non-structural phospho...
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is involved in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases, in addition to its key role in innate immune defenses. This is attributed to the excessive production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) by MPO at inflammatory sites...
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal disease whose ultimate consequences are the accumulation of sphingolipids and subsequent inflammatory events, mainly at the endothelial level. The outcomes include different nervous system manifestations as...
With the increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need to find new antimicrobials. Four particulate antimicrobial compounds, graphite (G), graphene oxide (GO), silver–graphene oxide (Ag-GO) and zinc oxide–graphene oxide (Z...
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is one of the most common fungi in the human body; it is an opportunistic pathogen and can cause candidiasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the host cells have a potentially protective effect against pathoge...
The central nervous system (CNS) is highly susceptible to damage due to its limited ability to regenerate. Injuries to the CNS, whether from trauma, ischemia, or neurodegenerative diseases, disrupt both cellular and vascular structures, leading to im...
Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) reported to be frequently deregulated in various types of cancers and neurodegenerative processes. NEAT1 is an indispensable structural component of paraspeckles (PSs...
Background: DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a validated cancer therapeutic target involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Ku serves as a sensor of DSBs by binding...
Organogermanium compounds, particularly carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide (Ge-132), have been studied for decades because of their diverse biological effects, especially their antioxidant properties. However, the available literature remains fragmen...
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease that leads to microvascular complications like Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major cause of blindness worldwide. Current medications for DR are expensive and report multiple side effects; therefore, an alternat...
Global disparities in cancer prevention, detection, and treatment demand a unified international effort to reduce the disease’s burden and improve outcomes. Despite advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, many tumors remain resistant to thes...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the loss of synapses. Aggregation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) by Aβ oligomers induced synapse damage in cultured neur...
Accumulating evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in the pathogenesis of not only the protein misfolding disorders such as certain neurodegenerative and metabolic di...
Targeting checkpoints is one of the most promising strategies in cancer chemotherapy. Leukemia, in particular, is expected to yield high therapeutic efficacy due to its high replication stress. However, the DNA damage response factors involved in the...
Naphthoquinones may cause oxidative stress in exposed cells and, therefore, affect redox signaling. Here, contributions of redox cycling and alkylating properties of quinones (both natural and synthetic, such as plumbagin, juglone, lawsone, menadione...
Ionizing radiation (IR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. These harmful effects can compromise essential cellular functions and significantly rai...
Adhesion is one of the main factors responsible for the probiotic properties of bacteria in the human gut. Membrane proteins affected by cellular damage are one of the key aspects determining adhesion. Fluid-bed-dried preparations containing probioti...
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure can trigger adverse health outcomes in the human skin, such as skin aging, wrinkles, pigment spots, and atopic dermatitis. PM2.5 is associated with mitochondrial damage and the generation of reactive oxygen spe...
Heavy metals are often found in soil and can contaminate drinking water, posing a serious threat to human health. Molecular pathways and curation therapies for mitigating heavy metal toxicity have been studied for a long time. Recent studies on oxida...
ATM is among of the most critical initiators and coordinators of the DNA-damage response. ATM canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways involve hundreds of downstream targets that control many important cellular processes such as DNA damage repa...
Intrinsic skin aging and photoaging, from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are associated with altered regulation of genes associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammation, as well as cellular damage from oxidative stress. The r...
Cable-stayed bridges have become the preferred bridge type for large-span bridges due to their unique advantages, and the long-term performance of the cable under the extreme conditions has been facing great challenges. An accelerated corrosion test...
A reduced ability to properly repair DNA is linked to a variety of human diseases, which in almost all cases is associated with an increased probability of the development of cellular transformation and cancer. DNA damage, that ultimately can lead to...
The detection and separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are crucial in early cancer diagnosis and cancer prognosis. Filtration through a thin film is one of the size and deformability based separation methods, which can isolate rare CTCs from...
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Their prevalence, persistence, and increasing industrial production have led to questions about their long-term impact on human and animal health. This narrative review...
The contamination of freshwaters by heavy metals represents a great problem, posing a threat for human and environmental health. Cadmium is classified as carcinogen to humans and its mechanism of carcinogenicity includes genotoxic events. In this stu...
AKI, due to the fact of altered oxygen supply after kidney transplantation, is characterized by renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Recent data suggest that AKI to CKD progression may be driven by cellular senescence evolving from prolonge...
Cellular senescence entails a state of an essentially irreversible proliferative arrest in which cells remain metabolically active and secrete a range of pro-inflammatory and proteolytic factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotyp...
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and its structurally-related caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA) and ethyl ferulate (EF) are constituents of honeybee propolis that have important pharmacological activities. This study found that CAPE—but not CA,...
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a major environmental factor contributing to skin photoaging through excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of stress-responsive signaling pathways, DNA damage, cellular senescence, and extrace...
Self-renewal and differentiation are two characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Under steady physiological conditions, most primitive HSCs remain quiescent in the bone marrow (BM). They respond to different stimuli to refresh the blood s...
The aim of study was to investigate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on cellular damage, physiological indices, and growth of dwarf cashew cultivated under salt stress. A 5 × 4 factorial scheme, resulting from the combination...
Shell integrity is a key determinant of health in cultured bivalves; however, its damage may affect physiological and immune processes associated with repair. This study evaluated the effects of a single non-penetrating shell damage on cellular immun...
Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) is a member of the GST family and plays many critical roles in cellular processes, including anti-oxidative and signal transduction. However, the role of anti-oxidant enzyme GSTpi against dopaminergic neuronal cel...
Cellular senescence, a cell state characterized by a generally irreversible cell cycle arrest, is implicated in various physiological processes and a wide range of age-related pathologies. Oxidative stress, a condition caused by an imbalance between...
DNA damage, caused by various oncogenic stresses, can induce cell death or cellular senescence as an important tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells display the features of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), secreting inflammat...
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