ATM: Main Features, Signaling Pathways, and Its Diverse Roles in DNA Damage Response, Tumor Suppression, and Cancer Development
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Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2
Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Junya Kobayashi and Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
Genes 2021, 12(6), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12060845
Received: 3 May 2021
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Revised: 26 May 2021
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Accepted: 27 May 2021
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Published: 30 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of ATM and MRE11 in Genomic Stability and Oxidative Stress Responses)
ATM is among of the most critical initiators and coordinators of the DNA-damage response. ATM canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways involve hundreds of downstream targets that control many important cellular processes such as DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, metabolism, proliferation, oxidative sensing, among others. Of note, ATM is often considered a major tumor suppressor because of its ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, in some advanced stage tumor cells, ATM signaling is increased and confers remarkable advantages for cancer cell survival, resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, biosynthesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This review focuses on addressing major characteristics, signaling pathways and especially the diverse roles of ATM in cellular homeostasis and cancer development.
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Keywords:
ATM; cancer; DNA damage repair; DNA damage response; oxidative sensing; autophagy; hypoxia; pexophagy; mitophagy; cellular homeostasis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Phan, L.M.; Rezaeian, A.-H. ATM: Main Features, Signaling Pathways, and Its Diverse Roles in DNA Damage Response, Tumor Suppression, and Cancer Development. Genes 2021, 12, 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12060845
AMA Style
Phan LM, Rezaeian A-H. ATM: Main Features, Signaling Pathways, and Its Diverse Roles in DNA Damage Response, Tumor Suppression, and Cancer Development. Genes. 2021; 12(6):845. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12060845
Chicago/Turabian StylePhan, Liem Minh, and Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian. 2021. "ATM: Main Features, Signaling Pathways, and Its Diverse Roles in DNA Damage Response, Tumor Suppression, and Cancer Development" Genes 12, no. 6: 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12060845
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