Building energy savings and occupant thermal comfort are the main issues in building technology. As such, the development of energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and the control strategies of HVAC systems are eme...
Many countries adopt a time-of-use (TOU) rate system, in which electricity rates vary by season and time of day, to reduce power usage during peak power consumption hours. South Korea offers a TOU rate plan that depends on the electricity usage of a...
This paper developed an algorithm that controls the supply air temperature in the variable refrigerant flow (VRF), outdoor air processing unit (OAP) system, according to indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, and verified the effects after appl...
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the energy efficiency and sustainability of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems in university buildings during the winter season, offering significant contributions to the field. A novel methodology...
In this study, an optimal control strategy for the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system is developed using a data-driven model and on-site data to save the building energy. Three data-based models are developed to improve the on-site applicability....
This study proposes a novel multi-porous heat exchanger (MPHEX) as a passive, sustainable alternative to variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning systems, addressing the growing environmental burden of cooling demand. Through high-fidelity La...
With the increasing intelligence of modern air-conditioning systems, the difficulty of acquiring data from air-conditioning systems has been significantly reduced. However, analyzing the massive amounts of data collected and obtaining more valuable i...
Smart contracts refer to small programs that run in a decentralized blockchain infrastructure. The blockchain system is trustless, and the determination of common variables is done by consensus between peers. Developing applications that require gene...
With the rapid development of online aquatic product trading, traditional centralized platforms are facing increasing pressure in terms of data security, privacy protection, and trust. Problems such as tampering with transaction records, weak identit...
This paper evaluates the energy performance of ground-source variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems to condition office buildings located in various U.S. climates. Specifically, the performance of the ground-source VRF systems was determined and eva...
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems are one possible tool to meet the objective that all new buildings must be nearly zero-energy buildings by 31 December 2020. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a methodology that centralizes building const...
All the energetic management and controlling strategies in ambient air conditioning systems (ACS) are aimed to match design load to current needs. This might be achieved by determining a rational value of design thermal load without overestimation th...
Blockchain technology empowers decentralized transactions in smart grids, but existing consensus algorithms face efficiency and security bottlenecks under Byzantine attacks. This article proposes the RVR consensus algorithm, which innovatively integr...
A variable refrigerant flow integrated stratum ventilation (VRF-SV) system was proposed as an energy efficient substitute for conventional central cooling systems for buildings. The novel system provided conditioned air to enclosed spaces with high i...
This study addresses the critical issues of rigid energy use and insufficient demand-side responsiveness in office buildings’ Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems under complex summer conditions. Existing research lacks fine-grained characte...
This study aimed to develop a control algorithm that can operate a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) cooling system with optimal set-points for the system variables. An artificial neural network (ANN) model, which was designed to predict the cooling en...
The bivariate fertilizer applicator (BAF) is a crucial device for precision agriculture, and the optimization of the control sequence optimization (CSO) significantly impacts the performance of variable-rate fertilization (VRF). This study investigat...
Outdoor air conditioning systems (ACS) are used as autonomic systems as well as in combined outdoor and indoor ACS of the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) type, with variable speed compressors (VSC) as their advanced version. Methods for determining t...
This paper focuses on the application of speed-regulated compressors (SRCs) to cover changeable heat loads with high efficiency in conventional air conditioning systems (ACS) as well as in the more advanced variable refrigerant flow (VRF)-type outdoo...
Background: The distribution of vascular risk factors (VRFs) and stroke management vary by geographic area. Our aim was to examine the percentage of the VRFs according to age and sex in ischemic stroke survivors in a geographical area on the Mediterr...
Cohen, Goldwasser, and Vaikuntanathan (TCC’15) introduced the concept of aggregate pseudo-random functions (PRFs), which allow efficiently computing the aggregate of PRF values over exponential-sized sets. In this paper, we explore the aggregat...
A vertical root fracture (VRF) is a complex complication that usually leads to tooth extraction. The aim of this article is to review the prevalence, demography, distribution, diagnostic methods, etiology and predisposing factors, clinical features,...
Background: Individuals with vascular risk factors (VRFs) often experience underrecognized emotional symptoms. This study examined the association of vascular risk factor burden (VRF burden) with anxiety, depression and their symptom co-occurrence. M...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting 24 million individuals. Clinical and epidemiological studies have found several links between vascular risk factors (VRF), neurovascular unit dysfunction (NVUd), blood-brai...
Introduction: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is a root-canal treatment complication and is a major reason for extraction of the root-canal-treated teeth. The diagnosis of VRF can be complicated because of absence of specific signs, symptoms, and radiog...
Diagnostically, vertical root fractures (VRFs) can be a frustrating experience for the dentist. Misdiagnosis could result in significant time and effort losses involved in erroneously intervening endodontically and/or periodontally. Certainly, diagno...
Packaging technology is evolving, and the objectives of this study were to evaluate instrumental surface color, expert color evaluation, and lipid oxidation (TBARS) on beef longissimus lumborum steaks packaged in vacuum-ready packaging (VRF) or polyv...
All over the world, there is a call to encourage sustainable energy thinking and implementation. There is an urgent need to consider sustainable solutions in any design projects that are able to reduce energy consumption. In the heating, ventilation,...
Background: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is a severe complication of endodontically treated teeth with a poor prognosis. Despite many tentative tooth-preserving approaches, the current main treatment remains tooth extraction or root resection, which...
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems are common air-conditioning systems used in regions with moderate climates that have cooling and heating demands. Unlike typical air-source VRF systems, ground-source VRF systems require heat-source water circu...
The escalating pressure on global food security, driven by the decline in per capita arable land area and widespread soil degradation, necessitates a paradigm shift from conventional uniform fertilization to more precise nutrient management strategie...
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are highly prevalent in those ageing with HIV. High-income country data suggest that vascular risk factors (VRFs) may be stronger predictors of HAND than HIV-disease severity, but data from sub-Saharan A...
Background: Vascular risk factors (VRFs) are known to influence cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden and progression. However, their specific impact on the presence and distribution of each cSVD imaging marker (white matter hyperintensity [WMH...
With the aging of the population, a key concern of both societies and health services is to keep the population cognitively healthy until the maximum age limit. It is a well-known fact that vascular aging has a negative effect on the cognitive skills...
23 September 2024
Episodic memory is affected early and is a basic indication of neurodegeneration especially for Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether adults with vascular risk factors are differentiated in their episodic memory perf...
Background. Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DE) powered by artificial intelligence provides accurate left chamber quantification in good accordance with cardiac magnetic resonance and has the potential to revolutionize our clinical...
The value realization of forest ecological products (VRF) is crucial for rural revitalization, while the rural digital economy (RDE) plays a central role in enhancing farmers’ income (FI). This study constructs index systems to evaluate the RDE...
Soil is a heterogeneous medium that exhibits considerable variability in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Proper management of field variability using variable-rate fertilization (VRF) techniques is essential to maximize crop input–output...
Recent studies deal with disorders and deficits caused by vascular syndrome in efforts for prediction and prevention. Cardiovascular health declines with age due to vascular risk factors, and this leads to an increasing risk of cognitive decline. Mil...
The recovery of lithium from extracts obtained from a black mass of spent lithium-ion batteries treated with a ternary solvent system at acidic pH was investigated using flat-sheet nanofiltration (NF) membranes operated according to a dead-end config...
This study investigates a Proxy-Calibration method for modeling Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems in TRNSYS, addressing the absence of a dedicated simulation component. The approach approximates part-load behavior through indoor-unit combinatio...
Background: Stroke survivors often present vascular risk factors (VRFs) that are increasingly recognized as contributing to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). We examined the influence of VRFs on the risk of PD in stro...
China is currently experiencing a severe issue of excessive fertilization. Variable rate fertilization (VRF) technology is key to solving this issue in precision agriculture, and one way to implement VRF is through management zone (MZ) delineation. T...
Background/Objectives: Vertical root fractures (VRFs) present significant diagnostic challenges due to their subtle radiographic features and variability across imaging modalities. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential to improve detection ac...
Excessive fertilizer use has led to environmental pollution and reduced crop yields, underscoring the importance of research into variable-rate fertilization (VRF) based on digital image technology in precision agriculture. Current methods, which rel...
16 October 2022
The identification of basic emotions plays an important role in social relationships and behaviors linked to survival. In neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the ability to recognize emotions may already be impaired a...
In this paper, we propose a variable block insertion heuristic (VBIH) algorithm to solve the permutation flow shop scheduling problem (PFSP). The VBIH algorithm removes a block of jobs from the current solution. It applies an insertion local search t...
Age acceleration (Age-A) is a useful tool that is able to predict a broad range of health outcomes. It is necessary to determine DNA methylation levels to estimate it, and it is known that Age-A is influenced by environmental, lifestyle, and vascular...
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves and fruits have been described as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with a great potential for the development of health-promoting formulations. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of a sustainabl...
Nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) are central to global carbon reduction strategies, and Taiwan is actively promoting their adoption through building energy performance labeling, particularly in the retrofit of existing buildings. Under Taiwan&rsq...
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