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UAV Remote Sensing, Precision Agronomy, and Resource Optimization Strategies

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Agriculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 578

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: intelligent agricultural systems; crop cultivation optimization; UAV-based crop monitoring; nitrogen use efficiency

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Guest Editor
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: multi-scale research on high-yield, efficient; sustainable rice cultivation: physiology; ecology; yield potential-gap analysis; green low-carbon strategies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intelligent agricultural technologies are driving the transformation of global crop production toward precision and sustainability through multi-source data fusion and smart decision systems. This Special Issue focuses on innovative applications of remote sensing inversion, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in crop production systems. It highlights the use of UAV hyperspectral imaging, satellite remote sensing, and IoT sensor networks for stress diagnosis (e.g., pest/disease infestation, drought response, waterlogging stress) and non-destructive growth monitoring in staple crops such as soybean, rice, and maize. By integrating machine learning algorithms, this issue aims to develop data-driven precision management models to optimize sowing density, variable-rate fertilization, and irrigation scheduling, thereby enhancing water and nutrient use efficiency. Additionally, it covers the construction of multi-scale modeling and disaster early-warning systems, leveraging hybrid physics-informed and data-driven models to analyze regional yield variability and assess risk thresholds of extreme climate events (e.g., heatwaves, frost) on agroecosystems, providing scientific support for agricultural insurance and adaptive policymaking. Current research needs to overcome the "same object-different spectrum" limitations in traditional remote sensing inversion by developing dynamic feature extraction algorithms adaptable to diverse growth stages and cropping patterns, while building cross-crop and cross-climate machine learning models to improve the generalization capability and early-warning accuracy of stress diagnosis.

We invite original research on remote sensing-driven quantitative retrieval of crop parameters, AI-enabled precision water/fertilizer management, multimodal data fusion for early disease/pest detection, and climate-adaptive intelligent strategies, aiming to provide integrated technical solutions for farmers, researchers, and policymakers to bridge the gap between theoretical innovation and large-scale implementation of intelligent agriculture.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • UAV/satellite-based retrieval of crop biophysical parameters;
  • Early diagnosis of crop stresses;
  • AI-driven precision fertilization and irrigation decision systems;
  • Agroecosystem dynamic monitoring;
  • Agricultural adaptation strategies;
  • Crop growth modeling and yield prediction;
  • Crop phenotyping analysis;
  • Interpretable AI with agronomic knowledge integration.

Prof. Dr. Le Xu
Prof. Dr. Shen Yuan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • intelligent agriculture
  • remote sensing inversion
  • machine learning
  • crop stress diagnosis
  • precision farm management
  • hyperspectral imaging
  • AI-driven decision-making
  • yield prediction modeling
  • data-driven agriculture

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 35867 KB  
Article
Machine Learning Models for Yield Estimation of Hybrid and Conventional Japonica Rice Cultivars Using UAV Imagery
by Luyao Zhang, Xueyu Liang, Xiao Li, Kai Zeng, Qingshan Chen and Zhenqing Zhao
Sustainability 2025, 17(18), 8515; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188515 - 22 Sep 2025
Viewed by 222
Abstract
Advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral systems offer robust technical support for the precise and efficient estimation of japonica rice yield in cold regions within the framework of precision agriculture. These innovations also present a viable alternative to conventional yield estimation methods. [...] Read more.
Advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral systems offer robust technical support for the precise and efficient estimation of japonica rice yield in cold regions within the framework of precision agriculture. These innovations also present a viable alternative to conventional yield estimation methods. However, recent research suggests that reliance solely on vegetation indices (VIs) may result in inaccurate yield estimations due to variations in crop cultivars, growth stages, and environmental conditions. This study investigated six fertilization gradient experiments involving two conventional japonica rice varieties (KY131, SJ22) and two hybrid japonica rice varieties (CY31, TLY619) at Yanjiagang Farm in Heilongjiang Province during 2023. By integrating UAV multispectral data with machine learning techniques, this research aimed to derive critical phenotypic parameters of rice and estimate yield. This study was conducted in two phases: In the first phase, models for assessing phenotypic traits such as leaf area index (LAI), canopy cover (CC), plant height (PH), and above-ground biomass (AGB) were developed using remote sensing spectral indices and machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN). In the second phase, plot yields for hybrid rice and conventional rice were predicted using key phenotypic parameters at critical growth stages through linear (Multiple Linear Regression, MLR) and nonlinear regression models (RF). The findings revealed that (1) Phenotypic traits at critical growth stages exhibited a strong correlation with rice yield, with correlation coefficients for LAI and CC exceeding 0.85 and (2) the accuracy of phenotypic trait evaluation using multispectral data was high, demonstrating practical applicability in production settings. Remarkably, the R2 for CC based on the RF algorithm exceeded 0.9, while R2 values for PH and AGB using the RF algorithm and for LAI using the XGBoost algorithm all surpassed 0.8. (3) Yield estimation performance was optimal at the heading (HD) stage, with the RF model achieving superior accuracy (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.59 t/ha) compared to other growth stages. These results underscore the immense potential of combining UAV multispectral data with machine learning techniques to enhance the accuracy of yield estimation for cold-region japonica rice. This innovative approach significantly supports optimized decision-making for farmers in precision agriculture and holds substantial practical value for rice yield estimation and the sustainable advancement of rice production. Full article
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