Environmental Sciences Proceedings, Volume 21, Issue 1

In submitting conference proceedings to Environmental Sciences Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors...

In static conditions, the only mechanism available for sludge/water separation is sludge sedimentation by gravity. In dynamic conditions an additional mechanism is available: sludge momentum preservation. In order to achieve a better understanding of...

Venice and its lagoon represent an extraordinary architectural, artistic and cultural heritage. However, due to the combination of astronomical and meteorological causes, as well as by the conformation of the sea basin, the city and its lagoon are fr...

This paper surveys the historical indigenous water-harvesting and water-supply systems in the Levant, focusing on Syrian lands, where they are numerous and well-preserved. It also deals with the important hydraulic works recently carried out to explo...

To ensure universal access to sustainable, reliable, and affordable water supply and sanitation (WSS) services, the right types of financing need to be attracted. This study analyzed the characteristics and results of 62 completed World Bank WSS proj...

The functional relationship between detention dam inflows and outflows was derived in a closed form in a recent work, which led to a theoretically derived probability distribution (TDD) of the peak outflows from in-line detention dams. This TDD is te...

A wastewater treatment facility in Pau, France, will soon be modified to become a so-called “Biofactory” able to produce different resources or energy through a series of state-of-the art and innovative technologies. SUEZ will lead the co...

Despite their key role in the low-carbon transition, cities depend on methods with pressing data availability and quality issues for carbon monitoring. Origins.earth and partners have leveraged cutting-edge data and scientific knowledge to deploy an...

Water treatment systems have been implemented by urbanizing societies for millennia to facilitate water management goals. Common models of surface overflow rate (SOR), plug flow reactor (PFR), and continuously stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) were develop...

In the management of drinking water networks, operational costs generally play second fiddle to capital investment costs, because their optimization strategies are often distinct. However, under the pressure of an aged network infrastructure with lim...

The present research focuses on heat recovery from hot kitchen wastewater to fulfil the dual objective of reducing energy consumption and CO₂ emissions, while simultaneously improving the fat, oil and grease (FOG) removal efficiency of the grease tra...

Since their development, as a result of an improvement of labyrinth weirs, Piano Key Weirs (PKWs) have been implemented as (a) a flood safety structure for gravity dams, allowing to also increase their storage volume, and (b) in river systems to incr...

Understanding the importance of factors intervening in the breakdown of water distribution networks and their service connections can help in the decision-making process of where to invest resources in infrastructure rehabilitation or water loss cont...

Heavy metals can contaminate water through both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Unlike organic contaminants, heavy metals are toxic, not biodegradable, and possess the ability to accumulate in organisms. Effective mixing between conta...

Smart water consumption metering can provide data at a much more specific spatial and temporal resolution. In this context, smart meters provide essential information for developing customer consumption models, which can be used to modify behavior, f...

The extreme events that the planet is experiencing are indisputable proof of climate change. Effective strategies are required to reduce the exposure and vulnerability of cities to such risks. This work aims to contribute to the cultural and technica...

Coupling pressure management strategies with energy generation in water distribution networks could provide an opportunity to reduce energy dependency. Recent laboratory prototypes attested the capability of Pump-As-Turbines (PATs) to manage pressure...

Conventionally, long-term coastline evolution is usually described using the diffusion equation. Particularly, the diffusion coefficient, ε, is a function of the wave angle: this implies that the diffusivity can assume negative values when wa...

This work provides a brief overview of the application of Sewage Sludge-Derived Biochar (SSBC) for the removal of micropollutants from aqueous solutions and wastewater. A particular emphasis is placed on the adsorption efficiency of SSBC regarding th...

In the majority of transboundary river basins, difficulties lay on common policy planning, and such is the case of Mesta/Nestos shared between Bulgaria and Greece, where both qualitative and quantitative issues could threaten the water safety. Concep...

Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) is an ever-expanding approach that can be applied both for extracting components of high commercial value from natural matrices or removal of undesirable or toxic components from many types of matrices. When it c...

The paper presents the results relying on 12 experimental M2 water profiles observed in a flume with emergent stems in a square arrangement. The authors used a recently proposed approach to determine the drag coefficients in the flow direction. Since...

The reuse of nutrient-rich waste in order to create green fertilizers in a sustainable and efficient way is a new strategy for the transition to a circular economy. Digestate is produced as a by-product from anaerobic digestion plants in large amount...

The optimal management of sociotechnical systems across the water–energy nexus is a critical issue for the overall goal of sustainable development. However, the new challenges induced by global crises and sudden changes require a paradigm shift...

The present study delves into the global issue of privatization and the remunicipalization of water services/suppliers with special reference to the case of Greece. Through the analysis of several successful and unsuccessful management practices of w...

The uncontrolled urbanization of soil leads to two main effects: the increase in flood discharges due to changes in permeability capacity and the negative impact in terms of quality on water bodies. These effects can be mitigated by common engineerin...

Water distribution systems (WDSs) are considered inherently vulnerable to intentional and accidental contamination. The installation of a water quality sensor system (WQSS) represents a valid strategy for securing WDSs against contamination. This pap...

The hydrodynamics of a river confluence generate significant vertical, lateral, and stream-wise gradients in the context of velocity, thereby forming a highly complex three-dimensional flow structure, including the development of large-scale turbulen...

The digitalisation of water supply systems is essential to support crucial activities, ranging from the hydraulic modelling and calibration of distribution systems to the optimal planning of renewal measures. Digital Twins is the current challenge th...

The phenomenon of wave breaking dominates the hydrodynamics of the surf zone. Therefore, numerical modelling of shallow water phenomena requires a proper reproduction of the wave breaking mechanism. In this study, we analyze the ability of two open-s...

In the present work, the use of optical cameras for turbidity measurements is tested on the Bode River in Germany, which is one of the best-instrumented catchments in Central Germany with a long-term time series on water quantity and quality. Four tr...

Guaranteeing the sustainability of irrigation under the increasing pressures related to resource scarcity and climate change is a major global challenge, specifically in water-scarce areas. The present work proposes a methodological approach and a te...

In this paper, EXTRASTAR software (EXTRemes Abacus for STAtistical Regionalization) is illustrated, which provides a general framework for extreme value analysis, specifically for Annual Maxima (AM) time series. The proposed methodology represents a...

The present work describes the design process of a 3D-printed prototype of a three-blade horizontal-axis hydrokinetic water turbine (HAHWT). The employed blade profile is an EPPLER818, which was previously studied through the Q-Blade software accordi...

Pressure reducing valves (PRV) are widely used to enhance the performance of water distribution networks. Recently, PRVs have tended towards more sophisticated devices to realize complex control strategies. The present work compares network performan...

In the present study, the effects of heating or cooling of the water surface in an open channel were investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed in a horizontal open channel, which was filled with water, to study the temperature and d...

The Circular Economy set a frame to govern sustainable growth. Laspias river basin (Thrace) is characterized by various land and water uses and pressures posed directly and/or indirectly on the riverine system which acts as a burdened receptor. The a...

This study investigates the effect on the flow structure in a backward-facing step (BFSF) due to a cylinder placed downstream of the step. Numerical simulations were carried out using OpenFOAM with several turbulence models (standard k-ɛ, RNG k-...

The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent containment policies have changed people’s habits, with numerous implications in all fields. The restrictions also had consequences on drinking water consumption. This work analyzes this influence in the...

Bottled water is one of the sources of drinking water in many developed and developing countries, including Libya. One of the greatest concerns is the health effects of low mineral content or lack of essential minerals in bottled water. The aim of th...

Water is a multi-purpose resource, and almost all of these purposes are of essential importance for our contemporary society. The most important water use nowadays is in food and energy production, and these two uses are essential for the development...

Porous shallow-water equations (PSWE) are a mathematical model for urban flooding simulation that has gained popularity because of its modest computational burden. Under certain initial conditions, PSWE may admit multiple exact solutions. This implie...

In the EU Drinking Water Directive (EU DWD) 2020/2184, the approach of the “water safety plan”, as suggested by the WHO, has been individuated as the correct tool for water utilities to ensure safe, drinkable water. The ADRIATIC-IONIAN In...

During emergency situations, short-term rainfall forecasting is crucial for human life-saving and economic damage mitigation. However, due to the high interconnection among the meteorological variables, the rainfall evolution mechanism is challenging...

With climate change, dry periods are more frequent, and intense short rainfall events are increasing in Mediterranean areas. It is essential to have better and more accurate territorial planning that does not expose the population to risks. The feasi...

The use of raw chemical- or thermal-modified pine bark (10 g/L) as a biosorbent to remove fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX), carbamazepine (CRB) and atrazine (ATZ) from water at 5 mg/L each was explored in this work. The adsorption efficiency onto raw p...

According to the Sustainable Development Goals included in the 2030 Agenda signed by 193 UN member countries, one of the expected targets is the improvement of Water Management through sustainable and efficient practices. Italy holds the record among...

Access to clean water is vital to human health, communities’ development, and economic prosperity. Nowadays, more than 10% of the global population lacks access to clean water. This has created the so-called “water crisis” and set,...

The UV, UV/VUV photolysis and their combination with persulfate (S₂O₈²⁻) were studied for the elimination of trimethoprim and 5-fluorouracil. Methods were examined in terms of transformation and mineralization rate and the matrix effect. The re...

Commission Directive 91/676/EC introduced water protection from nitrates from agricultural sources. The Puglia Region approved its ‘Nitrate Action Plan’ (NAP) in 2013, establishing nitrate-vulnerable zones (NVZs), with restrictions on agr...