Energy storage is essential for solar energy utilization, and thermocline storage tanks are commonly used. To improve temperature stratification and storage efficiency, we investigated the effect of different water distributor configurations on tank...
This paper presents a new method for the diagnostics of a hot water storage tank under operating conditions. Depending on the operating point of the tank, the method enables determination of thermal conductivity coefficients of the coil heat exchange...
Phase change material (PCM) water tanks have a major influence on the efficiency improvement of solar energy systems. This article discusses the effects of PCM under various inlets in a tank based on related research. So as to research the performanc...
Solar hot water tanks (SHWT) based on a latent heat storage system are gaining momentum for their integration into solar heater water collectors. They can efficiently store daytime solar thermal energy and shift on-peak period loads to off-peak perio...
This study presents a comprehensive 3D numerical analysis of thermal stratification, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer efficiency across six hot water storage tank configurations, identified as Tank-1 through Tank-6. The objective is to determine the...
Water storage tanks in cities are usually large and are occasionally affected by earthquakes. A sudden earthquake can cause pressure pulses that damage water containers severely. In this study, the sloshing motion in a high filling level tank caused...
The issue of freezing often occurs when using all-glass vacuum tube solar water heaters during cold winter seasons, leading to problems such as pipe ruptures and tank leakage. In order to further study the nocturnal heat dissipation and freezing char...
Water circulation in storage tanks significantly impacts water quality in distribution networks since old water tends to have low residual chlorine concentrations that are insufficient to neutralize microbial regeneration. Their large capacity and lo...
Global warming, globalization, industrialization, and the rapidly growing population at present increasingly affect the production of safe drinking water. In combination with sustainable bio-based or recycled materials, used for water distribution sy...
This paper presents a numerical analysis of two hot water storage tank configurations—one equipped with an external heat exchanger (Tank-1) and the other with an internal heat exchanger (Tank-2). The objective is to evaluate and compare their t...
Large-amplitude water sloshing in high-filling storage tanks can generate transient roof-impact pressures that threaten structural safety and operational reliability. This study develops a simplified momentum-conservation-based model for estimating t...
Advantages, such as thermal storage improvement, are found when using PCMs (Phase Change Materials) in storage tanks. The inclusion of three different types of materials in a 60 l test tank is studied. Two test methodologies were developed, and four...
The paper contains a simplified energy and exergy analysis of pumps and pipelines system integrated with Thermal Energy Storage (TES). The analysis was performed for a combined heat and power plant (CHP) supplying heat to the District Heating System...
Domestic hot water preparation is one of the main sources of energy consumption in households. One of the most important elements of domestic hot water (DHW) preparation installation is the storage tank. Its design can significantly affect the effici...
Spherical storage tanks are used in various industries to store substances like gasoline, oxygen, waste water, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Cracks in the storage tanks are unaccepted defects, as storage tanks can leak or spill the contained sub...
This paper demonstrates that it is possible to characterize the water temperature profile and its temporal trend in a hot water storage tank during the thermal charge process, using a minimum number of thermocouples (TC), with minor differences compa...
Thermal energy storage (TES) is an essential part of a solar thermal/hot water system. It was shown that TES significantly enhances the efficiency and cost effectiveness of solar thermal systems by fulfilling the gap/mismatch between the solar radiat...
The central heating technology with thermal storage technology is an important means to realize thermoelectric decoupling, meet heating demand, reduce primary energy consumption, and protect the ecological environment. For this paper, the numerical s...
In this paper a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system for cogeneration of heat and power integrated with a stratified heat storage tank is studied. The use of a storage tank with thermal stratification allows one to increase the annual operating hours...
The occurrence and densities of opportunistic pathogens (OPs), the microbial community structure, and their associations with sediment elements from eight water storage tanks in Ohio, West Virginia, and Texas were investigated. The elemental composit...
Photovoltaic-thermal panels are hybrid systems that combine the two types of conventional solar energy technologies (photovoltaic and thermal panels) and simultaneously generate both thermal and electrical energy in a micro-cogeneration system. Like...
This case study presents a comparative analysis of real-world operation of two residential domestic hot water (DHW) preparation methods both connected to their own air-to-water heat pump (HP) located in Central Europe. One system employs a convention...
Stratified tank models are used to simulate thermal storage in applications such as residential or commercial hot-water storage tanks, chilled-water storage tanks, and solar thermal systems. The energy efficiency of these applications relates to the...
Thermal storage tanks are the most widely used devices for thermodynamic storage. Their stratification performance is a key factor in determining their effectiveness. In this study, a structure was proposed to improve the thermal stratification of an...
Insulation of thermal energy storage tanks is fundamental to reduce heat losses and to achieve high energy storage efficiency. Although water tanks were extensively studied in the literature, the enhancement of the insulation quality is often overloo...
One of the biggest obstacles to economic profitability of solar water heating systems is the investment cost. Retrofitting existing domestic hot water heaters when a new solar hot water system is installed can reduce both the installation and materia...
Currently, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy is needed, considering the impact of climate change on the globe. From this point of view, there is a need for development in several stages such as storage, transmission, and...
Outdoor environments typically require intensive cooling during the day, while nighttime cooling demands are comparatively modest. Conventional radiative-cooling systems deliver strong cooling at night but often underperform during daytime solar expo...
In northern China, photovoltaic power generation peaks around midday, resulting in a concentrated demand for flexible and deep peak shaving over a period of approximately four hours. This study analyzes the heating and power supply capacity, as well...
Factors affecting rainwater resource management for the present and future include population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) allows multiple urban water-related issues to be mitigated. In this study, a spreadshee...
The occurrence of excessive fluid sloshing during an earthquake can damage structures used to store fluids and can induce secondary disasters, such as environmental destruction and human casualties, due to discharge of the stored fluids. Thus, to pre...
In the dry zone of Sri Lanka, human-made reservoirs have served for the collection, storage and distribution of rainfall and runoff and provide irrigation water for the cultivation of paddy for 2000 years. This paper introduces the layout and functio...
A numerical investigation of a phase change material (PCM) energy storage tank working with carbon nanotube (CNT)–water nanofluid is performed. The study was conducted under actual climatic conditions of the Ha’il region (Saudi Arabia). T...
Due to the growing popularity of vacuum tube solar collectors and their more esthetically pleasing look, horizontal hot water tanks are increasingly being used in solar hot water systems. In order to improve the thermal performance of a horizontal ma...
Wherever the flow of water in a gravity pipeline is regulated by a pressure control valve, hydraulic energy in the form of water pressure can instead be converted into useful mechanical and electrical energy via a turbine. Two classes of potential tu...
This paper presents the medium temperature monitoring system based on digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. For industrial thermometers with a complex structure used for measuring the temperature of the fluid under high...
The present work investigated the manufacture of elements such as water tanks from recycled concrete for applications where industries require water heating. This proposal leverages precast rejects for recycled concrete and incorporates colouring pig...
The smart active residential buildings play a vital role to realize intelligent energy systems by harnessing energy flexibility from loads and storage units. This is imperative to integrate higher proportions of variable renewable energy generation a...
The increasing prevalence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a serious concern for public health. Aeromonas caviae is a pathogenic microorganism that causes a wide spectrum of diseases in fish and humans and is often associat...
The operation of typical domestic hot water (DHW) systems with a storage tank and circulation loop, according to the regulations for hygiene and comfort, results in a significant heat demand at high operating temperatures that leads to high return te...
The increasing scarcity of urban water resources, particularly in regions with intermittent supply and household water storage tanks, demands monitoring approaches capable of identifying end-use consumption patterns beyond aggregated volume measureme...
Access to clean and safe water is crucial for community well-being. Water samples from storage tank water (STW) and municipal tap water (MTW) were aseptically collected, and total bacterial and coliform counts were determined. Isolates were Gram-stai...
Background: During a crisis situation, water supply systems stop functioning properly. It is necessary to obtain water from sources other than basic ones (reserve water intakes, water storage tanks, bottled water). Methods: We aim to determine the wa...
Heat pumps coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) systems are seen as a promising technology for load management that can be used to shift peak loads to off-peak hours. Most of the existing model predictive control (MPC) studies on tariff-based lo...
Water storage tanks are one of the primary and most critical components of water distribution systems (WDSs), which aim to manage water supply by maintaining pressure. In addition, storage provides a surplus source of water in case of an emergency. T...
In crude oil storage tank fires, large amounts of firefighting water are used, which may trigger boilover. Variations in oil level affect ullage height, while firefighting water injection alters the water layer thickness, with both processes influenc...
Photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS) are a promising solution to improve domestic water access in low-income rural areas. It is challenging, however, to make them more affordable for the local communities. We develop here a comparative methodol...
In this paper, optimal sizing of a photovoltaic (PV) pumping system with a water storage tank (WST) is developed to meet the water demand to minimize the life cycle cost (LCC) and satisfy the probability of interrupted water (pIW) constraint consider...
Recent updates to European Union directives on drinking water have extended safety limits to hot water, increasing the need to assess materials commonly used in water storage systems, such as porcelain enamel. This study investigates the interaction...
In this study, cold and thermal storage systems were designed and manufactured to operate in combination with the water chiller air-conditioning system of 105.5 kW capacity, with the aim of reducing operating costs and maximizing energy efficiency. T...
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