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  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,274 Views
17 Pages

An Efficient Row Key Encoding Method with ASCII Code for Storing Geospatial Big Data in HBase

  • Quan Xiong,
  • Xiaodong Zhang,
  • Wei Liu,
  • Sijing Ye,
  • Zhenbo Du,
  • Diyou Liu,
  • Dehai Zhu,
  • Zhe Liu and
  • Xiaochuang Yao

Recently, increasing amounts of multi-source geospatial data (raster data of satellites and textual data of meteorological stations) have been generated, which can play a cooperative and important role in many research works. Efficiently storing, org...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,756 Views
17 Pages

Identification Method of Rice Seedlings Rows Based on Gaussian Heatmap

  • Rongru He,
  • Xiwen Luo,
  • Zhigang Zhang,
  • Wenyu Zhang,
  • Chunyu Jiang and
  • Bingxuan Yuan

20 October 2022

The identification method of rice seedling rows based on machine vision is affected by environmental factors that decrease the accuracy and the robustness of the rice seedling row identification algorithm (e.g., ambient light transformation, similari...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,939 Views
24 Pages

Soil microorganisms are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of farmland soil fertility and crop productivity. However, the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in soil microbial communities on bioindicators for evaluating agricultural practice...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,082 Views
13 Pages

Timing and Modulation of Activity in the Lower Limb Muscles During Indoor Rowing: What Are the Key Muscles to Target in FES-Rowing Protocols?

  • Taian M. Vieira,
  • Giacinto Luigi Cerone,
  • Costanza Stocchi,
  • Morgana Lalli,
  • Brian Andrews and
  • Marco Gazzoni

17 March 2020

The transcutaneous stimulation of lower limb muscles during indoor rowing (FES Rowing) has led to a new sport and recreation and significantly increased health benefits in paraplegia. Stimulation is often delivered to quadriceps and hamstrings; this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,663 Views
18 Pages

Impact of Barley Malt with Different Row-Types on the Volatile Compounds in Beer

  • Jinglong Zhang,
  • Ziqiang Chen,
  • Yongxin Zhang,
  • Zhenbao Shi,
  • Jian Lu and
  • Dianhui Wu

6 June 2025

As the primary raw material for beer production, barley is classified into two-row barley and six-row barley. The nutrient content is different in the different row-types of malts, and the beer volatile compounds (VCs) will be influenced when using t...

  • Essay
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,695 Views
21 Pages

5 September 2022

The ability to self-direct a research program determines graduate degree completion. Yet, research on incompletion of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduate programs assumes students’ present level of self-direction a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,306 Views
30 Pages

18 February 2025

This paper presents a novel strut-free earth retaining wall system for excavation, referred to as the asymmetric double-row pile wall (ARPW) retaining system. This system comprises three key elements: front-row reinforced concrete piles, back-row wal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,174 Views
13 Pages

A Wireless Rowing Measurement System for Improving the Rowing Performance of Athletes

  • Richard Hohmuth,
  • Daniel Schwensow,
  • Hagen Malberg and
  • Martin Schmidt

17 January 2023

The rowing technique is a key factor in the overall rowing performance. Nowadays the athletes’ performance is so advanced that even small differences in technique can have an impact on sport competitions. To further improve the athletes’...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,635 Views
18 Pages

Rotational Cryptanalysis on ChaCha Stream Cipher

  • Stefano Barbero,
  • Danilo Bazzanella and
  • Emanuele Bellini

25 May 2022

In this paper we consider the ChaCha20 stream cipher in the related-key scenario and we study how to obtain rotational-XOR pairs with nonzero probability after the application of the first quarter round. The ChaCha20 input can be viewed as a 4×...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,990 Views
13 Pages

12 September 2018

Big data gathered from real systems, such as public infrastructure, healthcare, smart homes, industries, and so on, by sensor networks contain enormous value, and need to be mined deeply, which depends on a data storing and retrieving service. HBase...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,072 Views
16 Pages

Development and Experiment of an Innovative Row-Controlled Device for Residual Film Collector to Drive Autonomously along the Ridge

  • Zhijian Chen,
  • Jianjun Yin,
  • Jiaxin Yang,
  • Maile Zhou,
  • Xinzhong Wang and
  • Sheikh Muhammad Farhan

16 October 2023

The field harvesting process of harvesting machinery is often affected by high workload and environmental factors that can impede/delay manual rowing, thereby leading to lower efficiency and quality in the residual film collector. To address this cha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
586 Views
25 Pages

11 October 2025

In urban redevelopment, adding basements beneath existing buildings often requires specialized retaining structures, such as existing and newly added double-row piles, yet their complex load-sharing mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,116 Views
17 Pages

11 March 2020

Reproducible crystallographic features between new phase and matrix are often observed during phase transformation, including orientation relationship, interfacial orientation, morphology, and so on. The geometrical matching in the interface is the k...

  • Article
  • Open Access
232 Views
28 Pages

Design and Experiment of Narrow Row Spacing Maize Seedling Belt Treatment Device Based on DEM-MBD Joint Simulation in Wheat Stubble Field

  • Aijun Geng,
  • Wenjie Yan,
  • Song Shi,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Xiang Gao,
  • Xiuwen Zhang,
  • Luyao Tian,
  • Jilei Zhou,
  • Guojian Wei and
  • Zhilong Zhang

Aiming at the problems of inter-row straw congestion, soil accumulation, and consequent uneven seeding depth during high-speed sowing with narrow row spacing under the summer maize no-tillage sowing mode in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, this study propo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
411 Views
18 Pages

5 January 2026

Desert photovoltaic (PV) plants suffer significant efficiency loss due to dust deposition, which is closely linked to near-surface aerodynamic conditions. This study investigates how PV array row spacing influences key aerodynamic parameters. Numeric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,978 Views
10 Pages

17 October 2024

This study was conducted to allow us to understand the subjective experiences of medical students participating in rowing exercise classes at a medical school in South Korea and to derive implications for medical education. Accordingly, we analyzed t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
735 Views
23 Pages

Modeling BRDF over Row Crops Canopy with Effects of Intra-Row Heterogeneity

  • Kangli Xie,
  • Jun Lin,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Lanlan Fan,
  • Zunjian Bian,
  • Hua Li and
  • Yongming Du

27 October 2025

Row crops are regarded as a transitional type between continuous and discrete vegetation. Previous studies idealized row crops as periodic hedgerows with rectangular cross-sections. However, these models relied on oversimplified assumptions, failing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
8,126 Views
17 Pages

21 February 2014

A two year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of three row and eight row seeding on the total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), hydrolyzed (HTC) and condensed tannin (CTC), antioxidant activity (ABTS assay)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
600 Views
23 Pages

Design and Testing of a Vision-Based, Electrically Actuated, Row-Guided Inter-Row Cultivator

  • Haonan Yang,
  • Xueguan Zhao,
  • Cuiling Li,
  • Haoran Liu,
  • Zhiwei Yu,
  • Liyan Wu and
  • Changyuan Zhai

9 December 2025

Modern weeding technologies include chemical weeding, non-contact methods such as laser weeding, and conventional mechanical inter-row cultivation characterized by soil loosening and weed uprooting. For maize, mechanical inter-row cultivation is key...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,739 Views
18 Pages

Shrubification along Pipeline Corridors in Permafrost Regions

  • Xiaoying Jin,
  • Huijun Jin,
  • Xue Yang,
  • Wenhui Wang,
  • Shuai Huang,
  • Shengrong Zhang,
  • Suiqiao Yang,
  • Xiaoying Li,
  • Hongwei Wang and
  • Xinyu Li
  • + 3 authors

12 July 2022

Pipeline corridors have been rapidly increasing in length and density because of the ever growing demand for crude oil and natural gas resources in hydrocarbon-rich permafrost regions. Pipeline engineering activities have significant implications for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,064 Views
14 Pages

Estimating Non-Sustainable Soil Erosion Rates in the Tierra de Barros Vineyards (Extremadura, Spain) Using an ISUM Update

  • Jesús Rodrigo-Comino,
  • Jesús Barrena-González,
  • Manuel Pulido-Fernández and
  • Artemi Cerdá

13 August 2019

Monitoring soil erosion processes and measuring soil and water yields allow supplying key information to achieve land degradation neutrality challenges. Vineyards are one of the most affected agricultural territories by soil erosion due to human and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,131 Views
22 Pages

5 December 2024

Curvilinear building forms are increasingly common in modern architecture, yet their impact on wind dynamics remains understudied. This research examines the wind flow behavior around high-rise residential building rows configured with convex and con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,487 Views
17 Pages

An Integrated Potato-Planting Machine with Full-Film Mulching and Ridged Row Soil Covering

  • Jianwei Li,
  • Wei Sun,
  • Hucun Wang,
  • Juanling Wang and
  • Petru A. Simionescu

This paper presents the design of an integrated potato-planting machine capable of full-film covering, creating micro-ditches on ridges, and covering seed rows with soil. The machine addresses the challenges of traditional methods, allowing for mecha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,879 Views
19 Pages

Optimizing Plant Density and Row Spacing Enhances Growth, Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize on the Loess Plateau

  • Lin Xie,
  • Bao-Jie Su,
  • Ya-Nan Zhang,
  • Dong-Sheng Zhang,
  • Jing-Jing Han,
  • Hui-Ming Li,
  • Wan-Jun Feng,
  • Tian-Qing Du,
  • Fu-Zhu Cui and
  • Jian-Fu Xue

18 September 2025

Waxy maize (Zea mays L. ceratina) is extensively cultivated and exhibits substantial market demand in China; however, its yield and quality improvement remain constrained by relatively underdeveloped cultivation techniques. Optimizing plant density a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
3,658 Views
15 Pages

Structural Design and Simulation of Pneumatic Conveying Line for a Paddy Side-Deep Fertilisation System

  • Qingzhen Zhu,
  • Hengyuan Zhang,
  • Zhihao Zhu,
  • Yuanyuan Gao and
  • Liping Chen

To improve the consistency of sectional gas velocities in different rows in the pneumatic conveying line for a paddy side-deep fertilisation system, a new airflow equaliser was designed based on the mechanism of gas flow in ventilation engineering. S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,197 Views
16 Pages

13 October 2022

The load-bearing capacity of a bidirectional laminated slab with shear keys arranged in a rectangular grid (BCSWSK) was investigated to determine its mechanical properties, using load tests on a fabricated laminated slab and finite element models. Th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,847 Views
18 Pages

20 May 2024

The traditional method of allocating passenger seats based on compartments does not effectively manage an aircraft’s center of gravity (CG), resulting in a notable divergence from the desired target CG (TCG). In this work, the Boeing B737-800 a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
5,024 Views
22 Pages

Field crops are usually planted in rows, and accurate identification and extraction of crop row centerline is the key to realize autonomous navigation and safe operation of agricultural machinery. However, the diversity of crop species and morphology...

  • Article
  • Open Access
857 Views
14 Pages

Tables, as a form of structured or semi-structured data, are widely found in documents, reports, and data manuals. Table-based question answering (TableQA) plays a key role in table document analysis and understanding. Existing approaches to TableQA...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,249 Views
14 Pages

Planting patterns and irrigation amounts are key factors affecting maize yield. This study adopted a two-factor experimental design, with planting pattern as the main plot and irrigation amount as the subplot, to investigate the effects of irrigation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,242 Views
20 Pages

31 January 2024

As a key component of the rolling mill, the four-row cylindrical roller bearing (FCRB) operates under complex working conditions of high speed, high temperature, and heavy load. Due to the lack of an effective temperature test scheme for rolling mill...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,258 Views
26 Pages

Deep Learning-Based Seedling Row Detection and Localization Using High-Resolution UAV Imagery for Rice Transplanter Operation Quality Evaluation

  • Yangfan Luo,
  • Jiuxiang Dai,
  • Shenye Shi,
  • Yuanjun Xu,
  • Wenqi Zou,
  • Haojia Zhang,
  • Xiaonan Yang,
  • Zuoxi Zhao and
  • Yuanhong Li

11 February 2025

Accurately and precisely obtaining field crop information is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of rice transplanter operations. However, the working environment of rice transplanters in paddy fields is complex, and data obtained solely from GP...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,810 Views
9 Pages

Sustainable Irrigation Using Non-Conventional Resources: What has Happened after 30 Years Regarding Boron Phytotoxicity?

  • Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón,
  • Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera,
  • Jose Manuel Hernández-Moreno and
  • María del Pino Palacios-Díaz

19 September 2019

In the Canary Islands, there is a hydrological imbalance between water consumption and renewable water availability. To provide more water resources, reverse osmosis (RO) from seawater is used. As boron (B) contents in irrigation water higher than 0....

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
624 Views
10 Pages

Study on Influencing Factors and Low-Temperature Treatment of Walnut Canker Disease in Hotan County, Xinjiang

  • Hongtao Sun,
  • Wuerkaixi Yali,
  • Wenyao Wang,
  • Nureya Zupaila,
  • Lili Wang and
  • Rong Ma

24 April 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the occurrence of walnut canker disease and the effect of low-temperature treatment on its occurrence in Hotan County, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of th...

  • Essay
  • Open Access
298 Views
15 Pages

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on the Quality and Yield of Mechanically Harvested Cotton in Xinjiang: A Meta-Analysis

  • Tengfei Ma,
  • Runqiang Han,
  • Pengzhong Zhang,
  • Tao Zhang,
  • Shanwei Lou,
  • Tuhai Ou,
  • Jie Li and
  • Parhati Maimaiti

30 December 2025

Cotton is a globally important economic crop and the foundational raw material for the textile industry, and the planting pattern plays a crucial role in determining both the yield and quality of cotton. The results demonstrated that compared with th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,585 Views
17 Pages

The development of technology brings the computerization of everyday life. The most common device used to communicate with a computer is the keyboard. Many papers have been devoted to the study of computer keyboards and virtual keyboards. The authors...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,025 Views
14 Pages

Tree Canopy Management Affects Dynamics of Herbaceous Vegetation and Soil Moisture in Silvopasture Systems Using Arboreal Legumes

  • Izabela A. Gomes da Silva,
  • José C. B. Dubeux,
  • Mércia Virginia Ferreira Santos,
  • Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello,
  • Márcio Vieira Cunha,
  • Valéria X. O. Apolinário and
  • Erinaldo Viana de Freitas

29 July 2021

Understanding ecological interactions between the arboreal and the herbaceous components is key to get the full benefits from silvopastoral systems. The objective of this 2-yr research was to evaluate productivity and nutritive value of signalgrass (...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,871 Views
15 Pages

13 September 2024

A comprehensive understanding of sports biomechanics is essential for optimizing athletic performance. Recent advancements in sensor technology, particularly inertial sensors, have transformed the landscape of sports performance analysis. These senso...

  • Article
  • Open Access
192 Views
23 Pages

This paper investigates earth pressure and load transfer of a novel Surrounding Pile Soil Coupling–Anti-slide Chord (SPSC-AC) structure for railway slope reinforcement under dynamic train loading through physical model experiments. The study sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,389 Views
18 Pages

Seepage plays a key role in nutrient loss and easily occurs in widely-used contour ridge systems due to the ponding process. However, the characteristics of nutrient loss and its influential factors under seepage with rainfall condition in contour ri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,619 Views
11 Pages

Evaluation of Different Irrigation Methods for an Apple Orchard Using an Aerial Imaging System

  • Duke M. Bulanon,
  • John Lonai,
  • Heather Skovgard and
  • Esmaeil Fallahi

Regular monitoring and assessment of crops is one of the keys to optimal crop production. This research presents the development of a monitoring system called the Crop Monitoring and Assessment Platform (C-MAP). The C-MAP is composed of an image acqu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,229 Views
13 Pages

Tiled maps are one of the key GIS technologies used in the development and construction of WebGIS in the era of big data; there is an urgent need for high-performance tile map services hosted on big data GIS platforms. To address the current ineffici...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,830 Views
29 Pages

Phenological and Biophysical Mediterranean Orchard Assessment Using Ground-Based Methods and Sentinel 2 Data

  • Pierre Rouault,
  • Dominique Courault,
  • Guillaume Pouget,
  • Fabrice Flamain,
  • Papa-Khaly Diop,
  • Véronique Desfonds,
  • Claude Doussan,
  • André Chanzy,
  • Marta Debolini and
  • Raul Lopez-Lozano
  • + 1 author

12 September 2024

A range of remote sensing platforms provide high spatial and temporal resolution insights which are useful for monitoring vegetation growth. Very few studies have focused on fruit orchards, largely due to the inherent complexity of their structure. F...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,358 Views
22 Pages

Shelter Efficiency of Various Shelterbelt Configurations: A Wind Tunnel Study

  • Huiliang Li,
  • Yongdong Wang,
  • Shengyu Li,
  • Aikedai Askar and
  • Haifeng Wang

25 June 2022

The construction of protective forests in Nursultan is key to reducing near-surface wind speeds and snowstorm effects in urban areas. This study analyzed the effects of the number of plant rows and spacing of the shelterbelts on the flow field around...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,359 Views
13 Pages

Sex-Specific Size Analysis of Carpal Bones: Implications for Orthopedic Biomedical Device Design and Therapy Planning

  • Malte Asseln,
  • Valentin Quack,
  • Roman Michalik,
  • Björn Rath,
  • Frank Hildebrand,
  • Filippo Migliorini and
  • Jörg Eschweiler

18 January 2024

Consideration of the individual carpal bone characteristics of the wrist plays a key role in well-functioning biomedical devices and successful surgical procedures. Although geometric differences and individual bone sizes have been analyzed in the li...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,582 Views
17 Pages

Yield Determination in Major Small Grain Crops in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

  • Milan Mirosavljević,
  • Vojislava Momčilović,
  • Vladimir Aćin,
  • Bojan Jocković,
  • Novo Pržulj and
  • Goran Jaćimović

24 March 2025

Small grain crops showed significant yield variation under different nitrogen fertilization treatments. Understanding factors influencing yield is crucial for optimizing productivity. This study assessed how nitrogen fertilization affects grain numbe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Citations
15,915 Views
16 Pages

Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm for Information Security

  • Oluwakemi Christiana Abikoye,
  • Ahmad Dokoro Haruna,
  • Abdullahi Abubakar,
  • Noah Oluwatobi Akande and
  • Emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani

5 December 2019

The wide acceptability of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the most efficient of all of the symmetric cryptographic techniques has further opened it up to more attacks. Efforts that were aimed at securing information while using AES is still bei...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,257 Views
14 Pages

Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

  • Stanko Vršič,
  • Marko Breznik,
  • Borut Pulko and
  • Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

19 June 2021

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,709 Views
16 Pages

Experimental Study on U-Beam Separator Device for Separating Solids from Gases

  • Rémy Aubry,
  • Matthieu Debal,
  • Stéphane Aubert and
  • Yann Rogaume

27 June 2023

The inertial separator, developed for fluidized beds, is a key component for optimizing large installations that separate solids from gases. Despite industrial interest and numerous patents, few studies have been conducted on this subject. In this pa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,650 Views
22 Pages

Research on Seeding Performance of Self-Propelled Industrial Hemp Seeder

  • Yiping Duan,
  • Wei Xiang,
  • Jiangnan Lv,
  • Bo Yan,
  • Yao Hu and
  • Mingliang Wu

12 August 2022

In order to solve the problems of high labor intensity and low production efficiency in the cultivation of hemp in hilly areas, the seed arrangement performance of self-propelled hemp seeders was studied. According to the cultivation mode of hemp for...

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