313 Results Found

Against deglobalization and intensifying geopolitical conflicts, maritime bulk commodity supply chain vulnerability and resilience governance are strategic priorities for 75% of countries. To tackle rising global uncertainty, this study proposes the...

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used and harmful to organisms and human health. Dust ingestion is an important exposure route for OPEs to humans. In this study, by integrating ToxCast high-throughput in vitro assays with in vitro to in vivo...

During the past few decades, the science of toxicology has been undergoing a transformation from observational to predictive science. New approach methodologies (NAMs), including in vitro assays, in silico models, read-across, and in vitro to in vivo...

In 2007, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) developed new risk assessment methods for deriving human health-based water guidance (HBG) that incorporated the assessment of multiple exposure durations and life stages. The methodology is based on...

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are commonly used flame retardants that pose severe risks to humans. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the transformation process and biological toxicities of PBBs in the environment, which is not cond...

Population mortality is an important step in quantifying the risk of longevity. China lacks data on population mortality, especially the elderly population. Therefore, this paper first uses spline fitting to supplement the missing data and then uses...

Species distribution models (SDMs) grapple with uncertainty. To address this, a parameter-optimized MaxEnt model was used to predict habitat suitability for Elsholtzia densa, a predominant agricultural weed on the Tibetan Plateau. Through multiparame...

Toxicokinetics plays a crucial role in the health risk assessments of xenobiotics. Classical compartmental models are limited in their ability to determine chemical concentrations in specific organs or tissues, particularly target organs or tissues,...

Diversity is evident in various aspects of life and the human population. The current radiological protection system considers the diversity in disease susceptibility and incorporates some of it to provide a unified risk model for the human populatio...

In South Korea, issues have been raised regarding exposure to humidifier disinfectant products containing certain chemicals postulated to induce lung diseases in consumers. Several rodent studies utilizing whole-body inhalation, which comprises freel...

Background: Dravet syndrome, a severe early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, is treated with multiple antiepileptic drugs such as clobazam (CLB) and stiripentol (STP), increasing the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Given the limited pedia...

Objectives: There is growing concern over tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-induced cardiotoxicity, particularly regarding left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure in clinical treatment. These adverse effects often lead to treatment discontinuati...

According to EU guidance SANCO/7525/VI/95 Rev. 10.3, residue data extrapolation from a surrogate major crop to a minor crop can be used for setting maximum residue levels (MRLs) with a reduced number of residue trials and representative selected pest...

The dead fine fuel moisture content (DFFMC) directly affects forest fire occurrence and spread. Accurate DFFMC prediction is key to estimating forest fire risk and behavior. The well-fitting machine learning (ML)-based meteorological factor regressio...

Defining optimal adjuvant treatment for older women with breast cancer is challenged by the lack of level-1 clinical evidence and the heterogeneity of the older population. Nevertheless, recommendations based on reviews of available evidence mainly f...

In this paper, a missing wind speed data temporal interpolation and extrapolation method in the wind energy industry was investigated. Given that traditional methods have previously ignored part of mixed uncertainty of wind speed, a concrete granular...

Data suitable for assembling a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for nanoparticles (NPs) remain relatively scarce. Therefore, there is a trend in extrapolating the results of in vitro and in silico studies to in vivo nanoparticle haz...

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of skin absorption are a powerful resource for estimating drug delivery and chemical risk of dermatological products. This paper presents a PBPK workflow for the quantification of the mechanistic de...

There is a number of risk issues associated with CBM/CMM operations: sealing the mine shafts; pumping the mine water; evacuating air from the mine and air ingress into the mine. Our team has investigated the details of the initial phase of the busine...

To reduce the considerable investments of toxicity testing and protecting animal welfare, a new toxicity testing strategy based on response pathways of human cell lines has been proposed in the United States to evaluate the chemical exposure risks to...

Studies describing invasive fungal infections (IFIs) after chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T-cell) therapy are limited. Although post-CAR-T-cell IFIs appear to be uncommon, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality....

Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at an increased risk for thromboembolic events, such as deep venous and arterial thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE). In general, PE in children differs from adults in incidence, predisposition, pathophysi...

In order to investigate the influence of different design rainfall peaks on urban flooding characteristics based on the MIKE hydrodynamic model, the inundation process scenarios were extrapolated for different recurrence periods and three single- and...

Background: Combination therapy for Enterococcus faecalis was established in the 1940s due to high rates of treatment failure, especially for infective endocarditis (IE). However, during this period antimicrobials were limited, optimal dosing was unk...

Poor baseline reaction time, as measured via the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), has been associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in adult athletes. Our study sought to determine whether the reac...

The human health impact from exposure to contaminated shorelines following an oil spill event has been investigated to some extent. However, the health risks to children have largely been characterized through the use of surveys and extrapolation fro...

IAS imposes significant impacts on native ecosystems and economies. Current assessment methods for economic losses predominantly rely on habitat suitability estimation and database extrapolation, often lacking integration of causal inference and dyna...

The management of incidental or unusual site venous thrombosis (VT) is challenging and is often extrapolated from studies on symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT). There is a tendency to treat with anticoagulation, due to the theoretical risk of p...

The oil and gas sector is one of the most dangerous and stringent workplaces, due to the hazardousness of materials involved as well as the critical tasks that workers have to perform. Cranes are widely used in this sector for several activities. A w...

The linear dose–response relationship has long been assumed in assessments of health risk from an incremental chemical emission relative to background emissions. In this study, we systematically examine the relevancy of such an assumption with real-w...

This study presents a new method, a subgroup method, of predicting future vulnerabilities to high temperatures. In this method, the total population is divided into subgroups based on characteristics such as age. The adaptation trends are extracted f...

Background: Drug development for leishmaniases treatment follows a very selective process in order to propose drug candidates that possess all the qualities that meet the strict specifications of the pharmaceutical industry. Drug resistance is a limi...

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), characterize a major cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. In this systematic review, we tested the hypothesis that occupation...

This paper presents an analytical forecasting exercise about the criticality of an important collection of materials, namely copper, cobalt, nickel, lithium, and rare earth, recognized today as fundamental materials for the energy transition. The cri...

French Guiana lacks a dedicated model for developing an early warning system tailored to its entomological contexts. We employed a spatiotemporal modeling approach to predict the risk of Aedes aegypti larvae presence in local households in French Gui...

The distribution and quality of the Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstone units of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Scotian Basin, offshore eastern Canada, is well known in producing fields but difficult to extrapolate to less-explored areas of the deep-ba...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and cardiovascular risk (CVR) remains high even in T1DM patients with good metabolic control. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood a...

In this review, we critically evaluated the evidence of exposure–response relationships between occupational workload and the risk of hip osteoarthritis. The existing evidence was evaluated in order for us to extrapolate possible doubling risk...

Spatial planning potential for reducing natural risks including wildfires is widely recognized. This research is focused on Portugal, a wildfire-prone country in southern Europe, where the competencies for spatial planning lie on four geographical le...

Standard training via empirical risk minimization may result in making predictions that overly rely on spurious correlations. This can degrade the generalization to out-of-distribution settings where these correlations no longer hold. Invariant learn...

In China, crowd stampede accidents usually take place within crowded areas in middle and primary schools. The crowd stampede risk is particularly related to the architectural design such as the staircase design, the layout of crowded places, obstacle...

High-risk prostate cancer (PC) accounts for 50–75% of 10-year relapse after primary treatment. Routine clinicopathological parameters for PC patient stratification have proven insufficient to inform clinical decisions in this setting. Tumor gen...

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs have been used worldwide to reduce the number of drug users and for HIV prevention; however, evidence of their effectiveness in mountainous areas is limited. This study aimed to identify changes in subst...

Apis mellifera L. is considered one of the most important pollinators in nature. Unfortunately, in addition to other insect species, honey bee populations are decreasing at an alarming rate, urging researchers to investigate the causes and stressors...

Flood modelling and mapping, underpinned by hydraulic modelling, are typically used to define flood hazard and allow a quantification of risk and associated Expected Annual Damages (EAD). At a regional or national scale, such modelling is often a len...

The use of an inspiratory oxygen fraction of 0.80 during surgery is a topic of ongoing debate. Opponents claim that increased oxidative stress, atelectasis, and impaired oxygen delivery due to hyperoxic vasoconstriction are detrimental. Proponents po...

Gynecologic melanomas are uncommon and malignant mucosal melanomas with vaginal origin are extremely rare, treatment strategies are limited and extrapolated from those of cutaneous melanoma. A better understanding of the vulvovaginal melanoma’s...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions modifying risk factors for CVDs are a top priority of scientific research. Non-pharmaceutical...

Certain ultrasound features are associated with an increased risk of thyroid malignancy. However, they were studied mainly in papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs); these results cannot be simply extrapolated for the differentiation of follicular thyroid...

Sex-related biological differences might lead to different effects in women and men when they are exposed to risk factors. A scoping review was carried out to understand if sex could be a discriminant in health outcomes due to benzene. Studies on bot...