Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk
1
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Hospital Dos de Maig, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
2
Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
3
Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
4
CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
5
Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Dmitriy Atochin
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(8), 1798; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081798
Received: 3 March 2021
/
Revised: 9 April 2021
/
Accepted: 18 April 2021
/
Published: 20 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Atherothrombotic Disease: Clinical Pharmacology Now and in the Future)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and cardiovascular risk (CVR) remains high even in T1DM patients with good metabolic control. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and known risk factors seem to operate differently in T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, evidence of cardiovascular risk assessment and management in T1DM patients often is extrapolated from studies on T2DM patients or the general population. In this review, we examine the existing literature about the prevalence of clinical and subclinical CVD, as well as current knowledge about potential risk factors involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in T1DM patients. We also discuss current approaches to the stratification and therapeutic management of CVR in T1DM patients. Chronic hyperglycemia plays an important role, but it is likely that other potential factors are involved in increased atherosclerosis and CVD in T1DM patients. Evidence on the estimation of 10-year and lifetime risk of CVD, as well as the efficiency and age at which current cardiovascular medications should be initiated in young T1DM patients, is very limited and clearly insufficient to establish evidence-based therapeutic approaches to CVD management.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
type 1 diabetes; cardiovascular disease; prevalence; risk factor; lipoproteins; hyperglycemia; risk stratification; therapy; management
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Colom, C.; Rull, A.; Sanchez-Quesada, J.L.; Pérez, A. Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081798
AMA Style
Colom C, Rull A, Sanchez-Quesada JL, Pérez A. Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(8):1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081798
Chicago/Turabian StyleColom, Cristina, Anna Rull, José L. Sanchez-Quesada, and Antonio Pérez. 2021. "Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8: 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081798
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
