1,839 Results Found

Increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial/cellular dynamics in ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is, e.g., canagliflozin, CG) have been shown to mitigate I/R-induced AKI....

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor in adults, which is very aggressive, with a very poor prognosis that affects men twice as much as women, suggesting that female hormones (estrogen) play a protective role. With an in silico approach,...

The culture environment plays an important role for stem cells’ cultivation. Static or dynamic culture preserve differential potentials to affect human mesenchymal stem cells’ (hMSCs) proliferation and differentiation. In this study, hMSC...

Biological systems are dynamic systems featuring two very common characteristics; Initial conditions and progression over time. Conceptualizing this on tumour models it can lead to important conclusions about disease progression, as well as the disea...

Transposable elements (TEs) can be maintained in sexually reproducing species even if they are harmful. However, the evolutionary strategies that TEs employ during proliferation can modulate their impact. In this review, I outline the different life...

Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr, a coniferous species indigenous to Northern China, possesses significant ecological and economic value. Somatic embryogenesis offers a pathway with significant potential for large-scale propagation, long-term germpla...

Capsicum (pepper) is an economically vital genus in the Solanaceae family, with most species possessing about 3 Gb genomes. However, the recently sequenced Capsicum rhomboideum (~1.7 Gb) represents the first reported case of an extremely compact geno...

More than 50% of the HIV-1 latent reservoir is maintained by clonal expansion. The clonally expanded HIV-1-infected cells can contribute to persistent nonsuppressible low-level viremia and viral rebound. HIV-1 integration site and proviral genome lan...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been considered as a promising treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of the clinical efficacy of PRP-therapy, minoxidil, and their combination in the treatmen...

Limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LESCs) proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature corneal epithelium cells (CECs) that cover the ocular surface. LESCs play a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of the corneal epithelium,...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent malignancy with modest proliferation in the lymph nodes and accumulation of quiescent B cells in the peripheral blood. Targeted agents, including BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib and the BCL2 antagoni...

The tumor microenvironment is a highly dynamic and complex system where cellular interactions evolve over time, influencing tumor growth, immune response, and treatment resistance. In this study, we develop a graph-theoretic framework to model the tu...

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer continues to be a major global health challenge, driving the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of skimmianine in breast cancer th...

Mitochondria maintain cellular homeostasis through the dynamic balance of fusion and fission, which relies on nuclear-encoded mitochondrial fusion proteins, mitofusins 1 and 2 (Mfn1, Mfn2). Changes in Mfn1 and Mfn2 expression significantly affect mit...

Actin dynamics are known to orchestrate various myogenic processes in progenitor cells. Twinfilin-1 (TWF1) is an actin-depolymerizing factor that plays a crucial role in the differentiation of myogenic progenitor cells. However, little is known about...

Background/Objectives: The retromer protein complex is involved in various physiological processes, especially endosomal trafficking, and its dysregulation has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as well as VPS35 k...

We propose a dynamical system of tumor cells proliferation based on operatorial methods. The approach we propose is quantum-like: we use ladder and number operators to describe healthy and tumor cells birth and death, and the evolution is ruled by a...

Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection is a major cause of human suffering, and a number of mathematical models have examined the within-host dynamics of the disease. Most previous models assumed that infected hepatocytes do not proliferate; however, th...

Long-term T cell-mediated protection depends upon the formation of a pool of memory cells to protect against future pathogen challenge. In this review we argue that looking at T cell memory from a dynamic viewpoint can help in understanding how memor...

Mitochondrial dynamics, governed by fusion and fission, are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, energy production, and stress adaptation. MFN2 and OPA1, key regulators of mitochondrial fusion, play essential roles beyond their structural fu...

The reverse pH gradient is a major feature associated with cancer cell reprogrammed metabolism. This phenotype is supported by increased activity of pH regulators like ATPases, carbonic anhydrases (CAs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and sodium...

Understanding early nervous system stress response mechanisms is crucial for studying developmental neurotoxicity and devising neuroprotective treatments. We used hiPSC-derived long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cells differentiate...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network within which fundamental cell processes such as cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation occur driven by its inherent biological and structural cues. Hydrogels have been used as...

The impact of gravity is a basic force determining our existence on Earth. Changes in orientation with respect to the gravity vector trigger alternating mechanical forces on organisms, organs, and cells. In the intestines of mammals, epithelial cells...

The highly adaptable parasite Trypanosoma cruzi undergoes complex developmental stages to exploit host organisms effectively. Each stage involves the expression of specific proteins and precise intracellular structural organization. These morphologic...

Background: Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib are clinically proven tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used for the treatment of leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is a growing concern regarding cardiotoxicity associated with thei...

Given the growing importance of system dynamics (SD) in solving increasingly complex and dynamic problems in any country, we believe SD education will become an imperative leverage point in helping us deal with our uncertain future. This study tries...

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) is a ligand-activated transcription factor which plays important roles in lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of this work is to find residues which selectively recognize PPAR-α agonists and ant...

Cell functions and behavior are regulated not only by soluble (biochemical) signals but also by biophysical and mechanical cues within the cells’ microenvironment. Thanks to the dynamical and complex cell machinery, cells are genuine and effect...

Droplet-based microfluidics is a versatile tool to reveal the dose–response relationship of different effectors on the microbial proliferation. Traditional readout parameter is the temporal development of the cell density for different effector conce...

Cell migration is a fundamental biological process of key importance in health and disease. Advances in imaging techniques have paved the way to monitor cell motility. An ever-growing collection of computational tools to track cells has improved our...

Phytocannabinoids (pCBs) are a large family of meroterpenoids isolated from the plant Cannabis sativa. Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the best investigated phytocannabinoids due to their relative abundance and interesti...

Maintenance of skeletal muscle quantity and quality is essential to ensure various vital functions of the body. Muscle homeostasis is regulated by multiple cytoskeletal proteins and myogenic transcriptional programs responding to endogenous and exoge...

The adult human spinal cord harbors diverse populations of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) essential for neuroregeneration and central nervous system repair. While induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NSPCs offer significant therapeutic...

Chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Receptors for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGEs) are ubiquitous factors that catalyse Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), proteins, and lipids that b...

Our study aimed to explore the potential positive effects of cold water exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle energy metabolism in aging rats. The study involved 32 male and 32 female rats aged 15 months, randomly assigned to control sedent...

In this study, we propose a minimal reaction system for the Hippo–YAP/TAZ pathway that explicitly includes inactive LATS, active pLATS, cytoplasmic and nuclear YAP/TAZ, and phosphorylated YAP/TAZ. Local cell density is incorporated into the LAT...

The oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC (MYC) is highly conserved across species and is frequently overexpressed or dysregulated in human cancers. MYC regulates a wide range of critical cellular and oncogenic activities including proliferation, meta...

Actin cytoskeleton dynamics are essential regulatory processes in muscle development, growth, and regeneration due to their modulation of mechanotransduction, cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphological changes. Although the KN motif and a...

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that continuously change their shape. Their main function is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production; however, they are additionally involved in a variety of cellular phenomena, such as apoptosis, cell cycle...

Intracellular calcium plays a pivotal role in central nervous system (CNS) development by regulating various processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and maturation. However, understanding the involvement of calcium (Ca²⁺) in...

One of the most important questions in all multicellular organisms is how to define and maintain different cell fates during continuous cell division and proliferation. Plant meristems provide a unique research system to address this fundamental ques...

Background: Ovarian cancer is often characterized by aggressive growth and chemoresistance, leading to a poor prognosis. The energy and nutrient acquisition through metabolic reprogramming has been reported to facilitate cancer cell proliferation, in...

The cell cycle, essential for biological functions, experiences delicate spatiotemporal regulation. The transition between G1 and S phase, which is called the proliferation–quiescence decision, is critical to the cell cycle. However, the stabil...

As a supramolecular micromachine with information flow, a giant vesicle (GV)-based artificial cell that exhibits a linked proliferation between GV reproduction and internal DNA amplification has been explored in this study. The linked proliferation i...

A continuum model for tumor invasion in a two-dimensional spatial domain based on the interaction of the urokinase plasminogen activation system with a model for cancer cell dynamics is proposed. The arising system of partial differential equations i...

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes. The genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.3 lead to a lean phenotype in rodents. The mechanism of regulation of body weight and ene...

The effect of antiviral therapy during Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is the focus of this study. HCV infection destroys healthy hepatocyte cells in the human liver, causing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We introduce a cell-population mo...

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a contagious herpesvirus that causes Aujeszky’s disease and economic losses worldwide. Liver X receptors (LXRs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and are critical for the control of lipid homeostasis. Howeve...

In the treatment of osseous defects micro-structured three-dimensional materials for bone replacement serve as leading structure for cell migration, proliferation and bone formation. The scaffold design and culture conditions are crucial for the limi...