This study investigates the axial electron density distribution in two plasma antenna configurations excited by a surface wave microwave discharge and its influence on the radiation pattern of antennas. The axial plasma electron density profiles were...
As the importance of measuring electron density has become more significant in the material fabrication industry, various related plasma monitoring tools have been introduced. In this paper, the development of a microwave probe, called the measuremen...
The importance of monitoring the electron density uniformity of plasma has attracted significant attention in material processing, with the goal of improving production yield. This paper presents a non-invasive microwave probe for in-situ monitoring...
This work communicates results from optical emission spectroscopy following laser-induced optical breakdown at or near nanomaterial. Selected atomic lines of silver are evaluated for a consistent determination of electron density. Comparisons are pre...
The purpose of this study was to calculate and compare the plasma temperatures and electron densities from the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data collected by NASA’s Martian rover and compare them to samples measured in Earth&rsqu...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent micropollutants whose carbon–fluorine bonds resist conventional advanced oxidation. Nonthermal plasmas have emerged as a promising option for PFAS degradation, but the relative contribu...
The results from a wide-ranging parametric investigation into the behavior of the collisionless partially magnetized plasma discharge of three propellants—xenon, krypton, and argon—are reported in this two-part article. These studies are...
The microwave planar cutoff probe, recently proposed by Kim et al. is designed to measure the cutoff frequency in a transmission (S21) spectrum. For real-time electron density measurement in plasma processing, three different types have been demonstr...
In this work, diagnoses of laser-induced plasmas were performed in several Laser Shock Processing (LSP) experiments using the Balmer Hα-line (656.27 nm) and several Mg II spectral lines. A Q-switched laser of Nd:YAG was focused on aluminum samp...
There was previously proposed and experimentally implemented a new diagnostic method for measuring the electron density Ne using the asymmetry of hydrogenic spectral lines in dense plasmas. Compared to the traditional method of deducing Ne from the e...
We investigate laser wakefield electron acceleration in a periodic plasma density profile using 2D PIC simulations with the EPOCH code. The profile of the electron density has the form
The ionospheric plasma density irregularities are known to play a role in the propagation of electromagnetic signals and to be one of the most important sources of disturbance for the Global Navigation Satellite System, being responsible for degradat...
We present a non-invasive approach for monitoring plasma parameters such as the electron temperature and density inside a radio-frequency (RF) plasma nitridation device using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in conjunction with multivariate data a...
The generation of solid-density plasmas in a controlled manner using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) has opened up the possibility of diagnosing the atomic properties of hot, strongly coupled systems in novel ways. Previous work has concentrated...
Laser welding with filler wire was applied to Q345D in a narrow gap under ultrasonic assistance, and the dynamic characteristics of plasma were studied by high-speed imaging and spectral acquisition. The results showed that the plasma area decreased...
The Langmuir probe is a feasible method to measure plasma parameters. However, as the reaction progresses in the discharged plasma, the contamination would be attached to the probe surface and lead to a higher incorrect electron temperature. Then, th...
A dual-frequency plasma source has many advantages in applications. In this paper, a dual-frequency microwave plasma source is presented. This microwave plasma source is based on a coaxial transmission line without the resonator, and it can be operat...
Non-equilibrium conditions in plasma are often achieved by pulsed power delivery, where the pulse shape and repetition rate determine the properties of the plasma constituents and thus its chemical reactivity. The evaluation of the latter is becoming...
We present the observations of the artificial ionospheric heating experiment of EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association) on 22 February 2012 in Tromsø, Norway. When the pump is operating near the fourth electron gyrofrequency, the...
Atmospheric-pressure nonequilibrium argon plasmas are used in many applications, and their electron properties may depend on the device configuration. Here, the electron temperature and density of two devices of contrasting geometry, a closed flow-ch...
Non-thermal plasma technology is used in the food sector due to its many advantages such as low operating costs, fast and efficient processing at low temperatures, minimal environmental impact, and preservation of sensory and nutritional properties....
Although the recently developed cutoff probe is a promising tool to precisely infer plasma electron density by measuring the cutoff frequency (
The advantages of pulsed low-current high-voltage discharges operated at atmospheric pressure and the ease with which such discharges can be implemented industrially contributed to their popularity. However, the high reactivity of a pulsed plasma imp...
In the framework of space weather, the understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the generation of ionospheric irregularities is particularly relevant for their effects on global positioning and communication systems. Ionospheric equat...
This study investigated the electrolytic-plasma hardening (EPH) of cast 20GL steel, used for railway spring beams. The main objective was to analyze the spectral characteristics of the cathodic discharge and establish correlations between the plasma...
This study represents a self-consistent three-dimensional (3D) fluid plasma model coupled with Maxwell equations at an intermediate pressure between 1000 and 5000 Pa. The model was established using the finite element method to analyze the effects of...
The scaling of microwave plasma technologies from successful laboratory demonstrations to larger industrial applications usually involves an increase in microwave power. This upgrade is accompanied by a higher electron density (and electric conductiv...
Recent research trends show an increasing interest in non-equilibrium plasmas operated at atmospheric pressure, which are often used to tackle several environmental and health issues. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the applications, these tre...
Non-thermal plasma as an emergent technology has received considerable attention for its wide range of applications in agriculture, material synthesis, and the biomedical field due to its low cost and portability. It has promising antimicrobial prope...
We present the observations of the artificial ionospheric modification experiment of EISCAT on 18 October 2012 in Tromsø, Norway. When the pump of alternating O mode and X mode is switched on, the UHF radar observation shows some strong enhancements...
Plasma plays an important role in semiconductor processes. With the recent miniaturization and integration, the control of plasma became essential for success in the critical dimension of a few nanometers and etch narrow and deep holes with their hig...
In this paper, the hybrid gas–liquid discharge plasma can efficiently degrade pesticide residues in water driven by nanosecond pulse power, which can achieve the simultaneous discharge process in the liquid and gas phases. The relevant factors...
In order to study the coupling mechanism of the process parameters during the double-glow discharge process, and thus to enhance the theoretical study of double-glow plasma surface metallurgical technology, in this paper, a two-dimensional fluid mode...
We review studies of two kinds of dips in spectral line profiles emitted by plasmas—dips that have been predicted theoretically and observed experimentally: Langmuir-wave-caused dips (L-dips) and charge-exchange-caused dips (X-dips). There is a princ...
The ejection of the plasma plume produced by laser ablation is an important process for inducing mechanical effects. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of the plasma plume are investigated in order to analyze the impulse coupling mechanism...
Plasma antenna systems consisting of discharge elements have great practical application prospects due to their ability to quickly adjust parameters over a wide range. In this work, the radiation patterns of a 30 mm long linear antenna surrounded by...
The study investigates the spectral, structural, and phase changes occurring in austenitic steel 12Kh18N10T during cathodic electrolytic plasma nitriding (EPN) in a Na2CO3–CO(NH2)2–NH4Cl electrolyte at 550 °C for 10 min. Emission spec...
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is widely used for online quantitative analysis in industries due to its rapid analysis and minimal damage. However, challenges like signal instability, matrix effects, and self-absorption hinder the measur...
Hybrid laser-double-arc welding (HLDAW) is an efficient welding method with multi-heat sources comprised of two arcs and a laser beam, which is an intricate process with much randomness and uncertainty due to the mutual effect between multi-plasmas....
We study photon dispersion in the presence of a strong external magnetic field for propagation both perpendicular and parallel to the field, considering (i) the magnetized QED vacuum and (ii) a magnetized electron–positron medium at finite dens...
In this work, the two-dimensional fluid models for two types of inductively coupled plasma, Ar/O2 and Ar/SF6, are numerically solved by the finite element method. Four interesting phenomena revealed by the simulations are reported: (1) comet-shaped a...
The interaction of high-contrast high-intensity laser radiation with solids allows us to create hot or warm plasma of solid or even over-solid density, such as in the case of inertial fusion particularly. The multicharged ions contained in it can no...
We demonstrate a simple but efficient way to optimize and improve the properties of laser-wakefield-accelerated electron beams (e beams) based on a controllable shock-induced density down-ramp injection that is achieved with an inserted tunable shock...
This paper presents the dry etching characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag/ITO multilayered thin film, used as a pixel electrode in a high-resolution active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) device. Dry etching was performed using a...
Since the 1940s, Microwave Cavity Resonance Spectroscopy (MCRS) has been used to investigate a variety of solids, gases, and low-pressure plasmas. Recently, the working terrain of the diagnostic method has been expanded with atmospheric-pressure plas...
A spectroscopic method for spatial resolution measurement in fuel pellet ablation clouds is being developed in the Large Helical Device (LHD). Spatial resolution is obtained thanks to optics that have a narrow, band-shaped field-of-view. The Stark-br...
After a long period of relatively low interest, science related to effects in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectrum range experienced an explosive boom of publications in the last decades. A new application of EUV in lithography was the reason for s...
The electron dynamics of laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is examined in the high-density regime using particle-in-cell simulations. These simulations model the electron source as a target of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes readily allow access...
Ionospheric scintillation can significantly degrade the performance and the usability of space-based communication and navigation signals. Characterization and prediction of ionospheric scintillation can be made from the Global Navigation Satellite S...
In this work, the effect of preliminary mechanical surface treatment on the kinetics of formation, phase composition, and functional properties of the nitrided layer during electrolytic-plasma nitriding (EPN) of austenitic stainless steel 12Kh18N10T...
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