Remote Sensing of Ionosphere Observation and Investigation

Dear Colleagues,

Ionospheric disturbances can affect technologies in space and on Earth, disrupting satellite and airline operations, communications networks, and navigation systems. As the world becomes increasingly dependent on these technologies, ionospheric disturbances—as part of space weather—pose an increasing risk to economic vitality and national security. Advance knowledge of the ionospheric state during space weather events is becoming more and more important.

With the modernization of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the use of multi-constellation, multi-frequency observations, including new signals, enables continuous monitoring of the Earth’s ionosphere using worldwide-distributed sensor stations. Other ground-based techniques, such as vertical sounding (VS), incoherent scatter radar (ISR), very low frequency (VLF), or radio beacon (RB) measurements provide complementary ionospheric observations.

The radio occultation (RO) technique provides one of the most effective space-based methods for exploring planetary atmospheres. The availability of numerous medium Earth orbit satellites deployed by GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou navigation systems allows continuous monitoring of the Earth’s ionosphere and neutral atmosphere by tracking GNSS signals from low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Other space-based techniques include ionosphere estimation using dual-frequency altimeter data (e.g., TOPEX-Poseidon, Jason 2 & 3 missions), using radio beacon measurements from DORIS (geodetic orbit determination and positioning system), receivers onboard LEO satellites, and GNSS reflectometry.

Dr. M Mainul Hoque
Dr. Raul Orus
Guest Editors

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