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Plasma
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Processes in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas—2nd Edition
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Processes in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas—2nd Edition

A special issue of Plasma (ISSN 2571-6182).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2026 | Viewed by 10955

Editor

Dr. Dariusz Z. Korzec

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Guest Editor
Relyon Plasma GmbH, 93055 Regensburg, Germany
Interests: plasma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Different types of atmospheric-pressure plasma are applied not only in classical fields, such as material research, diagnostics, or industrial production, but are also applied in relation to novel approaches in food and seed science, as well as in medicine, in applications including wound healing, dentistry, sterilization, and odor control, among many others. The most frequently used methods for atmospheric-pressure plasma generation include the following:

  • Different atmospheric-pressure plasma jets based on kHz DBD, radio frequency, microwaves, and pulsed arcs, operated with different gases.
  • Dielectric-barrier discharges, including surface-barrier discharges, coplanar surface-barrier discharges, and atmospheric-pressure glow operated with noble gases or their mixtures with oxygen or hydrogen.
  • Piezoelectric direct discharge used both in ambient air and in wall-specified gas mixtures of nitrogen, oxygen, synthetic air, or compressed dried air.
  • Corona discharges, especially positive pulsed corona.

Recent research has focused on the interaction of plasma with liquids or humid environments, including the production of plasma-activated water (PAW) or plasma-activated liquids in general. Despite progress in this area, the mechanisms of interaction of different types of plasma with humidity, liquids, and materials are not fully understood in all cases. Many physical and chemical processes that are crucial for successful implementation require better explanations, modeling, predictions, and clarifications. This Special Issue of Plasma presents an opportunity for both scholars and researchers from various national and international institutions to present their progress in these fields. You are welcome to submit your original papers for peer review. The publications in the first volume, which we believe may be of interest to you, can be found here: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plasma/special_issues/V8VKI3THK3.

Dr. Dariusz Z. Korzec
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plasma is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atmospheric-pressure plasma
  • cold atmospheric plasma
  • atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ)
  • dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)
  • pulsed corona
  • ozone
  • nitrogen oxides
  • peroxide
  • humidity
  • plasma-activated water (PAW)

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 14375 KB  
Article
Feed Gas Composition and Humidity Shape Reactive Species Signatures in a Clinical Cold Plasma Jet
by Lingyun Yu, Alice Martinet, Linus Hübner, Lars Boeckmann, Steffen Emmert and Sander Bekeschus
Plasma 2026, 9(3), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma9030027 - 31 Jul 2026
Viewed by 394
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated by medical gas plasmas are considered major mediators of plasma-induced biological effects. This includes the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen routinely used in clinical applications. The jet’s biomedical action has been shown to be tailored [...] Read more.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated by medical gas plasmas are considered major mediators of plasma-induced biological effects. This includes the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen routinely used in clinical applications. The jet’s biomedical action has been shown to be tailored by modifying its feed gas. However, a systematic comparison of how feed gas composition and humidity shape plasma chemistry remains lacking, which would shift application-specific plasma chemistries from guessing to designing. In this study, we systematically investigated, compared, and statistically related 65 individual feed gas conditions of the kINPen argon plasma jet by increasing O2, N2, and combined O2 + N2 admixtures under dry and humidified conditions. Plasma gas phases were assessed using optical emission spectroscopy and reactive species produced in liquid via hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, and nitrate quantification. O2-containing admixtures generally reduced overall plasma emission and liquid-phase RONS accumulation, whereas N2-containing admixtures preferentially enhanced nitrogen-associated emission features. Water vapor addition via the admixture gas stream acted as an important secondary tuning parameter, exerting the strongest effects under combined O2 + N2 conditions. Multivariate analyses confirmed clear separation of chemistry profiles according to feed gas composition and humidity, while correlation and regression analyses identified several condition-dependent relationships between gas-phase emissions and liquid-phase reaction products. These data provide a comprehensive characterization of kINPen plasma chemistry under controlled feed gas modification and establish a reference framework for tailoring plasma-derived reactive species profiles in future plasma biology and medicine studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 1606 KB  
Article
Characteristics of Microsecond-Pulse Source for Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet
by Chen Ma, Li Yao, Jialu Liu and Feng He
Plasma 2026, 9(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma9020019 - 2 Jun 2026
Viewed by 572
Abstract
In this work, based on a half-bridge circuit and pulse transformer, a miniaturized and low-cost microsecond high-voltage pulsed power supply for the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is designed. Because of the low bus voltage of the half-bridge circuit, low-voltage switches can be [...] Read more.
In this work, based on a half-bridge circuit and pulse transformer, a miniaturized and low-cost microsecond high-voltage pulsed power supply for the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is designed. Because of the low bus voltage of the half-bridge circuit, low-voltage switches can be chosen by the power supply. The characteristics of the output high voltage of the power supply are studied. The experimental results show that uni-polar and bi-polar pulses can be generated by the power supply. The high-voltage pulses have good consistency at different frequencies, and the amplitude of the high-voltage pulse varies approximately linearly with the bus voltage. A needle-ring plasma jet device was driven by the uni-polar pulse of this supply, and the single discharge current pulse can be obtained at the rising edge and falling edge of the high-voltage pulse, respectively. The effects of voltage pulse on APPJ and the characteristics of jet are also investigated. The results show that the plasma jet is only formed at the rising edge of the voltage pulse. The jet length is almost unaffected by the pulse frequency, whereas the normalized intensity of most species increases with frequency linearly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas—2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 3448 KB  
Article
Deposition Behavior in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma CVD Evaluated by a Quartz Crystal Microbalance
by Kenichi Yamazaki, Hiroyuki Yasui, Tsuyoshi Noguchi, Yuuma Suenaga and Akitoshi Okino
Plasma 2026, 9(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma9010008 - 17 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1110
Abstract
Atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) enables low-temperature coating in open air, yet the interplay between precursor activation and ambient-derived species remains unclear. Here, thin films from an amine precursor are deposited using a helium plasma and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), [...] Read more.
Atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) enables low-temperature coating in open air, yet the interplay between precursor activation and ambient-derived species remains unclear. Here, thin films from an amine precursor are deposited using a helium plasma and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). GC-MS indicates partial precursor conversion and formation of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing products, consistent with participation of ambient air and moisture. QCM identifies a limited precursor-concentration window in which mass increases monotonically during plasma exposure and remains constant after shutdown; outside this window, post-discharge mass loss occurs, indicating desorption of weakly bound species. XPS confirms carbon-rich films incorporating oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functionalities and complete substrate coverage at higher precursor concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 3990 KB  
Article
The Effect of Electrode Geometry on Excited Species Production in Atmospheric Pressure Air–Hydrogen Streamer Discharge
by Shirshak Kumar Dhali and Stuart Reyes
Plasma 2025, 8(4), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma8040042 - 15 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2184
Abstract
When a gas is overvolted at or near atmospheric pressure, it results in a streamer discharge formation. Electrode geometries exert significant impact on the electrical breakdown of gases by altering the spatial profile of the electric field. In many applications the efficient generation [...] Read more.
When a gas is overvolted at or near atmospheric pressure, it results in a streamer discharge formation. Electrode geometries exert significant impact on the electrical breakdown of gases by altering the spatial profile of the electric field. In many applications the efficient generation of radicals is critical and is determined by the characteristics of the streamer discharge. We examine the effect of electrode geometry on the streamer characteristics and the production of radicals. This is performed for three different electrode geometries: plane–plane, pin–plane, and pin–pin. A two-dimensional rotationally symmetric fluid model is used for the streamer discharge simulation in the hydrogen/air gas mixture. The spatial profile of electron density and the electric field for point electrodes show significant differences when compared to plane electrodes. However, the efficiency of radical generation shows similar trends for the electrode configurations studied. We also present the results of spatial electrical energy density distribution which in turn determines spatial excited species distribution. These results can inform the design of specific applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas—2nd Edition)
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28 pages, 8047 KB  
Article
Hybrid Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor: Production of Reactive Oxygen–Nitrogen Species in Humid Air
by Dariusz Korzec, Florian Freund, Christian Bäuml, Patrik Penzkofer, Oliver Beier, Andreas Pfuch, Klaus Vogelsang, Frank Froehlich and Stefan Nettesheim
Plasma 2025, 8(3), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma8030027 - 6 Jul 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5005
Abstract
Reactive oxygen–nitrogen species (RONS) production in a Peltier-cooled hybrid dielectric barrier discharge (HDBD) reactor operated with humid air is characterized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to determine the RONS in the HDBD-produced gases. The presence of molecules O3, NO2 [...] Read more.
Reactive oxygen–nitrogen species (RONS) production in a Peltier-cooled hybrid dielectric barrier discharge (HDBD) reactor operated with humid air is characterized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to determine the RONS in the HDBD-produced gases. The presence of molecules O3, NO2, N2O, N2O5, and HNO3 is evaluated. The influence of HDBD reactor operation parameters on the FTIR result is discussed. The strongest influence of Peltier cooling on RONS chemistry is reached at conditions related to a high specific energy input (SEI): high voltage and duty cycle of plasma width modulation (PWM), and low gas flow. Both PWM and Peltier cooling can achieve a change in the chemistry from oxygen-based to nitrogen-based. N2O5 and HNO3 are detected at a low humidity of 7% in the reactor input air but not at humidity exceeding 90%. In addition to the FTIR analysis, the plasma-activated water (PAW) is investigated. PAW is produced by bubbling the HDBD plasma gas through 12.5 mL of distilled water in a closed-loop circulation at a high SEI. Despite the absence of N2O5 and HNO3 in the gas phase, the acidity of the PAW is increased. The pH value decreases on average by 0.12 per minute. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas—2nd Edition)
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