This study investigates neutron radiation sources in medical cyclotrons used for PET isotope production, focusing on differences between 18F and 11C. Neutron and gamma dose rates were measured in the bunker and operator control room during routine pr...
A rapidly rotating and highly magnetized remnant neutron star (NS; magnetar) could survive from a merger of double NSs and drive a powerful relativistic wind. The early interaction of this wind with the previous merger ejecta can lead to shock breako...
We reconsider the problem of neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung emission originating from the electromagnetic collisions of charged particles in nucleonic (
In this work we investigate the effect a crystalline quark–hadron mixed phase can have on the neutrino emissivity from the cores of neutron stars. To this end we use relativistic mean-field equations of state to model hadronic matter and a nonl...
We investigate the effect of a pinned superfluid component on the gravitational wave emissions of a rotating neutron star. The pinning of superfluid vortices to the flux-tubes in the outer core (where the protons are likely to form a type-II supercon...
Twin roll casting (TRC), with a relatively fast solidification rate, is an excellent production method with promising potential for producing wrought semi or final Mg alloy products that can often suffer from poor formability. We investigate in this...
Background: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary approach to cancer therapy that requires accumulation of boron atoms preferentially in tumour cells. This can be achieved by using nanoparticles as boron carriers and taking advantage of th...
Boron-10-containing positron emission tomography (PET) radio-tracer, 18F-FBPA, has been used to evaluate the feasibility and treatment outcomes of Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The clinical use of PET/MR is increasing and reveals its benefit...
Background: Boron neutron capture therapy requires a 2 mM 10B concentration in the tumor. The well-known BNCT patient treatment method using boronophenylalanine (BPA) as a boron-carrying agent utilizes [18F]fluoroBPA ([18F]FBPA) as an agent to qualif...
Recently, there has been intense interest in small dense plasma focus (DPF) devices for use as pulsed neutron and X-ray sources. Although DPFs have been studied for decades and scaling laws for neutron yield versus system discharge current and energy...
This paper is a sequel to the 1998 review paper “Scientific status of the Dense Plasma Focus” with 16 authors belonging to 16 nations, whose initiative led to the establishment of the International Center for Dense Magnetized Plasmas (ICDMP) in the y...
This review considers synchronous and follow-up MASTER Global Robotic Net optical observations of high energy astrophysical phenomena such as fast radio bursts (FRB), gamma-ray bursts (including prompt optical emission polarization discovery), gravit...
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Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are recently discovered mysterious single pulses of radio emission, mostly coming from cosmological distances (∼1 Gpc). Their short duration, ∼1 ms, and large luminosity demonstrate coherent emission. I review the basic physi...
Magnetars have been observationally determined to have surface magnetic fields of order of – G, and the implied internal field strength may be even larger. We discuss the effect of strong field on the dense matter expected to...
Gravitational waves astronomy allows us to study objects and events invisible in electromagnetic waves. It is crucial to validate the theories and models of the most mysterious and extreme matter in the Universe: the neutron stars. In addition to ins...
More than fifty years have elapsed from the first discovery of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with American Vela satellites, and more than twenty-five years from the discovery with the BeppoSAX satellite of the first X-ray afterglow of a GRB. Thanks to the...
This work is focused on an accurate experimental determination of the thermal 33S(n,
Measuring fast neutron emission around accelerators is important for purposes of environmental monitoring and radiation safety. It is necessary to detect two types of neutrons: thermal and fast. Fast neutron spectroscopy is commonly employed using a...
In this study, a high sampling rate data acquisition system with the ability to provide timestamp, pulse shape information, and waveform simultaneously under a sub megahertz pulse counting rate was developed for radiation diagnostics for magnetic con...
Neutron double scatter imaging exploits the kinematics of neutron elastic scattering to enable emission imaging of neutron sources. Due to the relatively low coincidence detection efficiency of fast neutrons in organic scintillator arrays, imaging ef...
Imaging detectors that use X-ray radiation and pulsed neutron sources have increased in sophistication in recent years due to the use of solid-state detectors. A key method for neutron detection is the nuclear activation of materials by neutrons. Neu...
An accelerator-based neutron source (ABNS) for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is under development at the University of Osaka, Japan. It can supply a sufficiently intense epi-thermal neutron flux of ~8 × 108 n/s/cm2 and, at the same time,...
Neutron stars are known to contain extremely powerful magnetic fields. Their effect is to deform the shape of the star, leading to the potential emission of continuous gravitational waves. The magnetic deformation of neutron stars, however, depends o...
A single crystal of YAl3(BO3)4 was grown using the top-seeded solution growth method. The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation spectrum, monitored at the emission wavelength of 312 and 372 nm, showed a narrow excitation band at around 162 nm, which is...
At a spallation neutron source, neutron pulses of varying energies are generated, and the detection of neutrons by instrument detectors is recorded as time-of-flight from the emission of the neutron pulse to its arrival at specific detector pixels wi...
Neutral beam injection is supposed to be the main source of high-energy particles, driving non-inductive current and generating primary neutrons in fusion neutron sources design based on tokamaks. Numerical simulation of high-energy particles’...
In neutron stars the nuclear asymmetric matter is expected to undergo phase transitions to a superfluid state. According to simple estimates, neutron matter in the inner crust and just below should be in the s-wave superfluid phase, corresponding to...
To date, 3He gas has been commonly used to detect thermal neutrons because of their high chemical stability and low sensitivity to γ-rays, owing to their low density and large neutron capture cross-section. However, the depletion of 3He gas pro...
Presented are the results of 99mTc and 101Tc production via neutron irradiation of natural isotopic molybdenum (Mo) with epithermal/resonance neutrons. Neutrons were produced using a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron generator with an output of 2 × 1...
This study developed a neutron-beam-focusing supermirror for grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) measurements. We adopted point-to-point beam focusing based on an ellipse whose two foci correspond to a virtual point source and a...
3He is a splendid neutron detection material due to its high neutron reaction cross section, gaseous state, and nonelectronegative and nonpoisonous nature. With the worldwide problem of the “3He supply crisis” arising, boron-lined gaseous...
In recent years, thermal neutron detection using scintillators has been used in a wide range of fields. Thus, the development of scintillators with a higher light yield, faster decay, and higher sensitivity for thermal neutrons is required. In this s...
Triaxial neutron stars can be sources of continuous gravitational radiation detectable by ground-based interferometers. The amplitude of the emitted gravitational wave can be greatly affected by the state of the hydrodynamical fluid flow inside the n...
The SORGENTINA-RF project aims at developing a 14 MeV fusion neutron source featuring an emission rate in the order of 5–7 × 10
Knowledge of interfacial structures in liquid–liquid systems is imperative, especially for improving two-phase biological and chemical reactions. Therefore, we developed a new sample cell for neutron reflectometry (NR), which enables us to obse...
Neutron stars host the strongest magnetic fields that we know of in the Universe. Their magnetic fields are the main means of generating their radiation, either magnetospheric or through the crust. Moreover, the evolution of the magnetic field has be...
High quality nuclear data lie at the heart of accurately modelling stellar systems and terrestrial nuclear reactors. However, some key reaction cross sections have large uncertainties, which limit such models in predicting isotopic abundances and oth...
With the growing global emphasis on nuclear reactor decommissioning, reliable thermal neutron detection has become increasingly important for ensuring critical safety and for the identification of fuel debris and radioactive waste. In this context, t...
Nuclei are self-bound systems in which the strong interaction (nuclear force) plays a dominant role, and the isospin is approximately a good quantum number. The isospin symmetry is primarily violated by electromagnetic interactions, namely Coulomb in...
We review the effective field theory associated with the superfluid phonons that we use for the study of transport properties in the core of superfluid neutrons stars in their low temperature regime. We then discuss the shear and bulk viscosities tog...
Direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) on 17 August 2017, propagating from a binary neutron star merger, or a “kilonova”, opened the era of multimessenger astronomy. The ejected material from neutron star mergers, or “kilonov...
The long-awaited detection of a gravitational wave from the merger of a binary neutron star in August 2017 (GW170817) marks the beginning of the new field of multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy. By exploiting the extracted tidal deformations...
This work concerns neutron doses associated with the use of a Siemens Primus M5497 electron accelerator, which is operated in the photon mode at 15 MV. The conditions offer a situation within which a fraction of the bremsstrahlung emission energies e...
Barite and hematite are the most common heavy-weight minerals applied as aggregates in radiation shielding concrete (RSC). Therefore, to limit the cement consumption and reduce the CO2 emissions accompanying its production, the aim of this study is t...
High-resolution neutron radiography provides novel and stirring opportunities to investigate the structures of light elements encased by heavy elements. For this study, a series of Gd2O2S:Tb, F particles were prepared using a high-temperature solid p...
Secondary electron emission (SEE) of the oxygen-free high-conductivity copper (OFHC) target surface in neutron generators limits the stability and improvement of the neutron yield. A novel-type target of titanium–palladium films coated on laser-treat...
Background: the gamma-emitting radionuclide Technetium-99m (99mTc) is still the workhorse of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) as it is used worldwide for the diagnosis of a variety of phatological conditions. 99mTc is obtained from...
The present Special Issue is dedicated to the long-sought-after nuclear process known as Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NDBD), a nuclear transition characterized by the simultaneous decay of two neutrons into protons and electrons, without the emiss...
A CS-30 cyclotron has been in operation at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC) since 1982. The CS-30 cyclotron has been used to produce medical radioisotopes for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission c...
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