Engine knock has become the prime barrier to significantly improve power density and efficiency of the engines. To further look into the essence of the abnormal combustion, this work studies the working processes of normal combustion and knock combus...
Knock and super-knock are abnormal combustion phenomena in engines, however, they are hard to study comprehensively through optical experimental methods due to their inherent destructive nature. In present work, the methodology of large eddy simulati...
The stable working window of a dual-fuel engine is narrow, and it is prone to knock during operation. The occurrence of knock limits the load and torque output of a dual-fuel engine, and even causes engine damage in severe cases. The existing volumet...
This paper investigates, through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the knock resistance improvements that can be obtained in a turbo-charged GDI engine with water injection. In a first step, water and gasoline injector models are valida...
In modern hydrogen engines, abnormal combustion phenomena such as knock and pre-ignition limit the operational range. To overcome these limitations, the balance of required and supplied ignition energy needs to be understood. Charge motion is one way...
Cyanobacteria dynamically relay environmental inputs to intracellular adaptations through a coordinated adjustment of photosynthetic efficiency and carbon processing rates. The output of such adaptations is reflected through changes in transcriptiona...
In the upcoming years, more challenging CO2 emission targets along with the introduction of more severe Real Driving Emissions limits are expected to foster the development and the exploitation of innovative technologies to further improve the effici...
The knock phenomenon is one of the major hindrances for enhancing the thermal efficiency in spark-ignited engines. Due to the stochastic behavior of knocking combustion, analytical cycle studies are required. However, there are many problems to be ad...
Both spark ignition (SI) natural gas engines and compression ignition (CI) dual fuel (DF) engines suffer from knocking when the unburnt mixture ignites spontaneously prior to the flame front arrival. In this study, a parametric investigation is perfo...
Cosmic radiation experienced during space travel may increase the risk of cognitive impairment. While simulated galactic cosmic radiation (GCRsim) has led to memory deficits in wildtype (WT) mice, it has not been investigated whether GCRsim in combin...
Due to the improvement of environmental protection emission standards, new energy vehicles fueled by natural gas and hydrogen green clean energy have developed rapidly. However, knock is one of the most important parameters that must be monitored for...
In the present work, a numerical methodology based on three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was developed to predict knock in a 2-Stroke engine operating with gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) concept. Single-cycle Unst...
The further thermal efficiency improvement of marine natural gas engine is constrained by a knocking phenomenon that commonly occurs in gas-fueled spark-ignited engines. It plays an important role to investigate how the knocking occurs and how to pre...
A turbocharged downsizing spark ignition (SI) engine cooperating with an in-cylinder direct injection technology is one of the most effective ways to improve the power and economy of gasoline engines. However, engine knock has limited the application...
Knocking is a destructive and abnormal combustion phenomenon that hinders modern spark ignition (SI) engine technologies. However, the in-depth mechanism of a single-factor influence on knocking has not been well studied. Thus, the major aim of the p...
This paper explores the effects of six different cases of port water injection on the combustion, knock suppression and emissions of a supercharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine through numerical simulation. The six different intake port wat...
Diesel engine combustion becomes very rough and can lead even lead to deflagration under high altitude conditions, which is harmful to component durability. In this study, the effects of altitude on the main combustion characteristics—in-cylind...
A numerical and experimental investigation in to the role of gasoline surrogates and their reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms in spark ignition (SI) engine knocking has been carried out. In order to predict autoignition of gasoline in a spark igniti...
Methanol can be synthesized using green electricity and carbon dioxide, making it a green, carbon-neutral fuel with significant potential for widespread application in engines. However, due to its low ignition energy and high laminar flame speed, met...
This study numerically investigates the conversion of a Heavy-Duty (HD) Spark-Ignition (SI) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) engine to operate with hydrogen-rich syngas produced from waste plastic pyrolysis. The engine was modeled with a one-dimensional...
This paper investigates the abnormal combustion behavior—specifically knock and pre-ignition—of a hydrogen direct-injection (H2-DI) engine operated under stoichiometric conditions. Two different cylinder head configurations with central a...
The two-stroke pre-mixed dual-fuel marine engine is prone to knocking at full load in gas mode, which affects the overall dynamic and economic performance of the engine. In this paper, the 7X82DF engine produced by Winterthur Gas & Diesel Ltd. (W...
To solve the problem of the weak knock characteristic extraction for a port-injected two-stoke spark ignition (SI) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) engine burning aviation kerosene fuel, which is also known as the Rocket Propellant 3 (RP-3), the Intrins...
Closed-form multi-asset first-passage prices become rare once dependence is allowed to vary with the state. We build a two-asset local-volatility/local-correlation family in which relative-performance passage problems stay one-dimensional by construc...
The scission rates of polystyrene and fluorinated polystyrene irradiated in an irradiation facility with Co-60 γ-rays were determined using molecular dynamics simulation and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) molecular weight distributions. Th...
The global demand for clean fuels is increasing in order to meet the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) of 0.5% global Sulphur cap and Tier III emission limits. Natural gas has begun to be popularized on liquefied natural g...
Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations require the adoption of stoichiometric operation across the entire engine map for downsized turbocharged gasoline engines, which have been so far generally exploiting spark timing retard and mixture enrichment...
Methanol, a renewable and sustainable fuel, provides an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions when synthesized through carbon dioxide hydrogenation integrated with carbon capture technology. The incorporation of hydrogen into metha...
As sustainable green fuels for heavy-duty engines, using hydrogen doping with ammonia helps to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the background of hydrogen production from ammonia reforming, the combustion and emission characteristics of hy...
The main purpose of this study is to optimize engine performance and emission characteristics of off-road engines with retarded spark timing compared to MBT by repurposing the existing passenger engine. This study uses a one-dimensional (1D)-simulati...
The present work reports the formation of an interstitial dislocation loop with a lower primary knock-on atom (PKA) energy in alpha-iron under strain conditions by the use of molecular dynamics simulation. The study was conducted using a PKA energy o...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may cause severe loss of vision or blindness, particularly in elderly people. Exudative AMD is characterized by the angiogenesis of blood vessels growing from underneath the macula, crossing the blood–retina bar...
Exposure to microgravity during spaceflight induces the alterations in endothelial cell function associated with post-flight cardiovascular deconditioning. PIEZO1 is a major mechanosensitive ion channel that regulates endothelial cell function. In th...
This paper analyzes graphene irradiation effects using a molecular dynamic simulation software, large-scale atomic / molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). We propose a hypothesis for the effective range of incident ions based on simulation...
Food waste is economically and ecologically unsustainable; the benefits of food waste reduction are indisputable. Yet knowledge of the economic trade-offs and knock-on effects of such reduction is deficient. This study examines the economic effects o...
Multiparameter optimization of complex electromechanical systems in a physical space is a challenging task. CPS (Cyberphysical system) technology can speed up the solution of the problem based on data interaction and collaborative optimization of phy...
Epoxy resins are critical materials in aerospace applications, yet their mechanical properties, specifically the tensile modulus, can be significantly compromised when exposed to electron irradiation in space environments. To thoroughly examine this...
Tungsten (W) can be used in plasma-facing components in a fusion reactor because of its excellent radiation resistance. Some studies have found that nanocrystalline metals with a high density of grain boundary show a higher ability to resist radiatio...
In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate how alloying tungsten (W) with molybdenum (Mo) and local strain affect the primary defect formation and interstitial dislocation loops (IDLs) in W–Mo alloys. While the...
Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) inhibits necroptosis and is usually regarded as having no effect on other cell deaths. Here, this study explored whether the addition of Nec-1 has an effect on cell death induced by simulated ischemia injury in rat tubular cell...
A molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the effect of applied strain on the formation of primary defects and the probability of interstitial dislocation loops (IDLs) formation of tungsten (W) during a collision cascade event. The rese...
The research on full-size folding wings is limited by many factors, and the similar model has an irreplaceable role in its development and manufacturing process. In this study, a folding wing with core board and dimensional structure is designed and...
Metastasis in colorectal cancer is responsible for most of the cancer-related deaths. For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must first undergo the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is driven by the transcription factors (EMT-TFs) Snail...
Cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) is an inherent phenomenon in internal combustion engines that poses significant limitations on thermal efficiency in energy conversion. This variation can also cause structural damage. Other negative effects include inc...
This contribution is focused on the fuel economy improvement of the Miller cycle under part-load characteristics on a supercharged DI (Direct Injection) gasoline engine. Firstly, based on the engine bench test, the effects with the Miller cycle appli...
An accurate description of short-range interactions among atoms is crucial for simulating irradiation effects in applications related to ion modification techniques. A smooth integration of the Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark (ZBL) potential wi...
Nickel-based alloys have demonstrated significant promise as structural materials for Gen-IV nuclear reactors. However, the understanding of the interaction mechanism between the defects resulting from displacement cascades and solute hydrogen during...
The fast spectrum kurtosis (FSK) algorithm can adaptively identify and select the resonant frequency band and extract the fault feature via the envelope demodulation method. However, the FSK method has some limitations due to its susceptibility to no...
The effect of stress on irradiation responses of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was studied by combing molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, proton irradiation, and Raman characterization. MD simulations of carbon knock-on at energies < 6...
Space microgravity condition has great physiological influence on astronauts’ health. The interaction of endothelial cells, which control vascular permeability and immune responses, is sensitive to mechanical stress. However, whether microgravi...
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