Anomalous Angiogenesis in Retina
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cellular Potts Model
2.2. Continuum Fields at the Extracellular Scale
Durotaxis
2.3. Signaling Processes and Cell Dynamics
2.4. Retinal Configuration and Onset of Angiogenesis
3. Results
3.1. Impaired Adhesion
3.1.1. Adhesion between RPE and BM
3.1.2. RPE–RPE and EC–EC Adhesion
3.2. Sources of VEGF
3.3. Notch Signaling
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
2D | Two Dimensional |
AMD | Age-related Macular Degeneration |
BM | Bruch’s membrane |
CNV | Choroid Neo Vascularization |
CPM | Cellular Potts Model |
EC | Endothelial Cell |
ECM | Extra Cellular Matrix |
EMT | Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition |
MC | Monte Carlo |
MCTS | Monte Carlo Time Step |
RPE | Retinal Pigmentation Epithelium |
VEGF | Vessel Endothelial Growth Factor |
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Param. | AEC | PEC | LEC | ARPE | PRPE | Adruse | Pdruse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | 78 µm2 | 50 µm | 60 µm | 169 µm2 | 52 µm | 2827 µm2 | 188 µm |
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Vega, R.; Carretero, M.; Bonilla, L.L. Anomalous Angiogenesis in Retina. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9020224
Vega R, Carretero M, Bonilla LL. Anomalous Angiogenesis in Retina. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(2):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9020224
Chicago/Turabian StyleVega, Rocío, Manuel Carretero, and Luis L Bonilla. 2021. "Anomalous Angiogenesis in Retina" Biomedicines 9, no. 2: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9020224