Microorganisms that can withstand high pressure within an environment are termed piezophiles. These organisms are considered extremophiles and inhabit the deep marine or terrestrial subsurface. Because these microorganisms are not easily accessed and...
Vitamin B12 is an enzymatic cofactor that is essential for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The development of life in extreme environments depends on cofactors such as vitamin B12 as well. The genomes of twelve microorganisms isolated from the deep...
Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling in most ecosystems on Earth, yet their ecology and functionality in deep continental subsurface remain unknown. Here, we report the first observations of active fungal colonization of mica schist in th...
A two-year (2024–2025) field experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang to alleviate soil compaction and severe salinization in saline–alkali soils and to evaluate the combined effects of tillage depth and subsurface drain spacing on s...
Members of the Thaumarchaeota phylum play a key role in nitrogen cycling and are prevalent in a variety of environments including soil, sediment, and seawater. However, few studies have shown the presence of Thaumarchaeota in the terrestrial deep sub...
Inversion is a fundamental step in magnetotelluric (MT) data routine analysis to retrieve a subsurface geoelectrical model that can be used to inform geological interpretations. To reduce the effect of non-uniqueness and local minimum trapping proble...
In this paper, we develop a deep learning neural network characterized by feature fusion and physical guidance (denoted as FFPG-net) for reconstructing subsurface sea temperature (T) and salinity (S) from sea surface data. Designed with the idea of f...
The reconstruction of the ocean’s 3D thermal structure is essential to the study of ocean interior processes and global climate change. Satellite remote sensing technology can collect large-scale, high-resolution ocean observation data, but onl...
The sulfur cycle participates significantly in life evolution. Some facultatively autotrophic microorganisms are able to thrive in extreme environments with limited nutrient availability where they specialize in obtaining energy by oxidation of reduc...
Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCMs), commonly occurring beneath the surface mixed layer in coastal seas and open oceans, account for main changes in depth-integrated primary production and hence significantly contribute to the global carbon cycle. T...
Crystalline bedrock has been chosen for deep geologic long-term storage of used nuclear fuel in Finland. The risks generated by the deep subsurface microbial communities in these disposal sites need to be well characterised in advance to ensure safet...
The Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) is one of the largest deposits of sulphidic minerals on Earth. Río Tinto raises from its core, presenting low a pH and high metal concentration. Several drilling cores were extracted from the IPB’s subsurfac...
Microorganisms in the deep biosphere are believed to conduct little metabolic activity due to low nutrient availability in these environments. However, destructive penetration to long-isolated bedrock environments during construction of underground w...
Reliable subsurface temperature estimates are crucial for most geoenergy projects, as they directly influence the properties of both rocks and fluids. They are particularly important in geothermal energy exploration, where errors in estimating the st...
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a rapid and non-destructive technique for road sub-surface distress (RSD) detection. However, reliable interpretation of GPR images remains challenging because subsurface anomalies often present weak boundaries, ambi...
High pressure deep subsurface environments of Mars may harbor high concentrations of dissolved salts, such as perchlorates, yet we know little about how these salts influence the conditions for life, particularly in combination with high hydrostatic...
Machine learning (ML) algorithmic developments and improvements in Earth and planetary science are expected to bring enormous benefits for areas such as geospatial database construction, automated geological feature reconstruction, and surface dating...
Accurate knowledge of surface and subsurface soil moisture (SM) is essential for hydrologic modeling, weather forecasting, and agricultural water management. NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite (level 3) provides ‘surface...
Subsurface temperature is an important parameter for characterizing oceanic physical processes, and accurate prediction of subsurface temperature is essential for understanding oceanic changes. Existing methods primarily focus on spatial modeling but...
The quantitative characterization of near-surface heterogeneity using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an important but challenging task. The estimation of subsurface geostatistical parameters from surface-based common-offset GPR reflection data has...
Fiber optic sensors are gradually replacing electrical sensors in geotechnical applications owing to their immunity to electrical interference, durability, and cost-effectiveness. However, additional protective measures are required to prevent loss o...
Across the Luconia continental shelf, the nature and structures of the crust are lacking geological understanding and precise characterization. Newly acquired, aeromagnetic, and airborne gravity data were used to assess deep and shallow sub-surface s...
Recent advancements in geophysical exploration have highlighted the importance of integrating electromagnetic (EM) and magnetic data to enhance subsurface target detection. Conventional inversion techniques often struggle with the non-uniqueness of s...
The interactions of ligands with nucleic acids are central to numerous reactions in the biological cell. How such reactions are affected by harsh environmental conditions such as low temperatures, high pressures, and high concentrations of destructiv...
Conventional spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) based optical property inversion is inefficient, while deep learning methods suffer from heavy reliance on large-scale real datasets. To address this contradiction, a simulation-driven approach for...
Accurate underground utility mapping remains a critical yet complex task in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) interpretation, essential to avoiding costly and dangerous excavation errors. This study presents a novel deep learning-based pipeline for 3D r...
Deep soil mixing has been widely used to construct subsurface barriers (cut-off walls) in contaminated sites for contamination containment. Non-invasive geophysical methods are promising for the characterization and assessment of such barriers. The a...
Observational data on ocean subsurface temperature and salinity are patently insufficient because in situ observations are complex and costly, while satellite remote-sensed measurements are abundant but mainly focus on sea surface data. To make up fo...
Mapping the subsurface temperatures can efficiently lead to identifying the geothermal distribution heat flow and potential hot spots at different depths. In this paper, an advanced adaptive multitask deep learning procedure for 3D spatial mapping of...
Microbial diversity that thrives in the deep subsurface remains largely unknown. In this work, we present the characterization of Citrobacter sp. T1.2D-1, isolated from a 63.6 m-deep core sample extracted from the deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrit...
The ocean circulation in the Western Pacific is crucial for climate regulation and marine ecosystems, but reconstructing 3D subsurface currents remains challenging due to limited observations. This study presents SpadeUp, a novel deep learning model...
The phylum Armatimonadota represents one of the least characterized bacterial lineages, with only three formally described species despite its widespread distribution in various environments. Deep subsurface thermal environments harbor significant mi...
Accurate delineation of tumor margins is critical for complete resection and minimizing recurrence, yet existing imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and fluorescence imaging suffer from limitations including high cost, limited accessibility, and intr...
Our understanding of the source of methane (CH4) in freshwater ecosystems is being revised because CH4 production in oxic water columns, a hitherto inconceivable process of methanogenesis, has been discovered for lake ecosystems. The present study su...
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is the precipitation of CaCO3 crystals, induced by microbial metabolic activities such as ureolysis. Various applications of MICP have been proposed as innovative biocementation techniques. This stud...
Residence and travel times of water in headwater catchments, or their smaller spatial units, such as individual hillslopes, represent important descriptors of catchments’ hydrological regime. In this study, travel time distributions and residen...
The deep bedrock surroundings are an analog for extraterrestrial habitats for life. In this study, we investigated microbial life within anoxic ultradeep boreholes in Precambrian bedrock, including the adaptation to environmental conditions and lifes...
The Lower Cretaceous reservoir core samples from the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation, Baba Dome, Kirkuk Oil Company, show evidence for multistage episodes of dolomitization and a complex diagenetic history. Optical microscope reveals muti-phase of d...
The deep terrestrial subsurface, hundreds of meters to kilometers below the surface, is characterized by oligotrophic conditions, dark and often anoxic settings, with fluctuating pH, salinity, and water availability. Despite this, microbial populatio...
Precise pore pressure prediction is highly essential for safe and effective drilling; however, the nonlinear and heterogeneous nature of the subsurface strata makes it extremely challenging. Conventional physics-based methods are not capable of handl...
Risk assessment of deep shale reservoirs is very important for subsurface energy development. However, due to complex geological environments and physicochemical interactions, shale reservoir fabric parameters exhibit variability. Moreover, the actua...
Energy derived from water-rock interactions such as serpentinization and radiolysis, among others, can sustain microbial ecosystems deep within the continental crust, expanding the habitable biosphere kilometers below the earth’s surface. Here,...
Accurately estimating the ocean’s interior structures using sea surface data is of vital importance for understanding the complexities of dynamic ocean processes. In this study, we proposed an advanced machine-learning method, the Light Gradien...
Deep learning has significantly improved the recognition efficiency and accuracy of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images. A significant number of weight parameters need to be specified, which requires lots of labeled GPR images. However, obtaining t...
Precise depth alignment of well logs is essential for reliable subsurface characterization, enabling accurate correlation of geological features across multiple wells. This study presents the Deep Hierarchical Graph Correlator (DHGC), a two-stage dee...
Recent spatial and vertical distributions of 137Cs activity concentration in the Aegean Sea are presented almost 30 years after the Chernobyl accident. The study aims to provide the current radioactivity levels of 137Cs in the Aegean Sea and to combi...
With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of soil organic carbon stocks in dry areas, this work is based on a quantification of SOC stocks in gypsum-bearing soils whose vertical and spatial heterogeneity greatly limits inferring the total SOC sto...
Roads are a form of critical infrastructure, influencing economic growth, mobility, and public safety. However, the management, monitoring, and maintenance of road networks remain a challenge, particularly given limited budgets and the complexity of...
Knowledge of the relationships between thermomechanical process loads and the resulting modifications in the surface layer enables targeted adjustments of the required surface integrity independent of the manufacturing process. In various processes w...
Structures in their service life are often damaged as a result of aging or extreme events such as earthquakes or storms. It is essential to detect damage in a timely fashion to ensure the safe operation of the structure. If left unchecked, subsurface...
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