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  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
8,259 Views
24 Pages

It is shown that replacing the sinusoidal chip in Golay complementary code pairs by special classes of waveforms that satisfy two conditions, symmetry/anti-symmetry and quazi-orthogonality in the convolution sense, renders the complementary codes imm...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radar and Aerospace)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,561 Views
11 Pages

Application of Biphase Complete Complementary Code for Ionospheric Sounding

  • Guobin Yang,
  • Peng Duan,
  • Chunhua Jiang,
  • Tongxin Liu and ,
  • Ting Lan,
  • Zhengyu Zhao,
  • Shuzhu Shi and
  • Chen Xu
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

26 August 2018

This paper illustrates the processes carried out for the application of biphase complete complementary code (CCC) for ionospheric sounding to address the coherent interference problem in multi-station ionospheric sounding. An algorithm to generate th...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,294 Views
14 Pages

A Novel Ionospheric Sounding Network Based on Complete Complementary Code and Its Application

  • Tongxin Liu,
  • Guobin Yang,
  • Yaogai Hu,
  • Chunhua Jiang and ,
  • Ting Lan,
  • Zhengyu Zhao and
  • Binbin Ni
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

14 February 2019

In this paper, complete complementary code (CCC) sequences are applied to a High Frequency (HF) ionospheric sounding network. Ionosondes distributed at multiple locations use the mutually orthogonal CCC sequences to conduct vertical soundings synchro...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,547 Views
11 Pages

Some Results on Self-Complementary Linear Codes

  • Maria Pashinska-Gadzheva,
  • Iliya Bouyukliev and
  • Valentin Bakoev

14 December 2023

Binary codes have a special place in coding theory since they are one of the most commonly used in practice. There are classes of codes specific only to the binary case. One such class is self-complementary codes. Self-complementary linear codes are...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Application of Algebraic Combinatorics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,405 Views
11 Pages

Connections between Linear Complementary Dual Codes, Permanents and Geometry

  • Adel N. Alahmadi,
  • Husain S. Alhazmi,
  • Hatoon Shoaib,
  • David G. Glynn and ,
  • Saeed Ur Rehman and
  • Patrick Solé
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 June 2023

Linear codes with complementary duals, or LCD codes, have recently been applied to side-channel and fault injection attack-resistant cryptographic countermeasures. We explain that over characteristic two fields, they exist whenever the permanent of a...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Geometry and Topology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,127 Views
18 Pages

A Waveform Design for Integrated Radar and Jamming Based on Smart Modulation and Complementary Coding

  • Huabin Yan,
  • Shiyuan Zhang,
  • Xingyu Lu,
  • Jianchao Yang and ,
  • Lunhao Duan,
  • Ke Tan and
  • Hong Gu
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

25 July 2024

Waveform design for integrated radar and jamming is generally based on the concept of shared waveform, which uses jamming signals without typical radar signal characteristics for detection. Existing waveforms have shown limited design flexibility, hi...

(This article belongs to the Topic Radar Signal and Data Processing with Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
5,620 Views
16 Pages

18 April 2017

In 1996, a set X of 20 trinucleotides was identified in genes of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes which has on average the highest occurrence in reading frame compared to its two shifted frames. Furthermore, this set X has an interesting m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,018 Views
12 Pages

5 July 2024

We introduce some methods for constructing quaternary Hermitian self-orthogonal (HSO) codes, and construct quaternary [n, 5] HSO for 342≤n≤492. Furthermore, we present methods of constructing Hermitian linear complementary dual (HLCD) code...

(This article belongs to the Section E4: Mathematical Physics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,262 Views
12 Pages

Optimal Quaternary Hermitian LCD Codes

  • Liangdong Lu,
  • Ruihu Li and
  • Yuezhen Ren

28 April 2024

Linear complementary dual (LCD) codes, which are a class of linear codes introduced by Massey, have been extensively studied in the literature recently. It has been shown that LCD codes play a role in measures to counter passive and active side-chann...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discrete Math in Coding Theory)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
2,891 Views
17 Pages

In this paper, a diagonal permutation code is presented for spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) employing a single photodiode (SPD) detection technique. It is characterized by practical code length and ideal in...

(This article belongs to the Topic Fiber Optic Communication)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,313 Views
14 Pages

4 January 2021

In actual life-detection radar applications, a quasi-static person with weak respiration is difficult to find when relying on the echoes from a single fixed observation point. To effectively sense the weak respiration of a quasi-static person in comp...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,337 Views
15 Pages

Plasmonic circuits, which support the propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) at microwave frequencies, have been developed in recent years as an expected candidate for future highly integrated systems, mainly because of their extraor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in RF, Microwave, and Millimeter-Wave Circuits and Devices)
  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,173 Views
18 Pages

24 August 2021

Antisense peptide technology (APT) is based on a useful heuristic algorithm for rational peptide design. It was deduced from empirical observations that peptides consisting of complementary (sense and antisense) amino acids interact with higher proba...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Recognition in Protein and Peptide Nanotechnology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,672 Views
19 Pages

Convolution of Barker and Mutually Orthogonal Golay Complementary Codes for Ultrasonic Testing

  • Chengxiang Peng,
  • Paul Annus,
  • Marek Rist,
  • Raul Land and
  • Madis Ratassepp

13 August 2025

Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a vital nondestructive testing (NDT) technique used to evaluate the integrity of materials and structures. However, conventional excitation signals often suffer from significant attenuation in highly attenuative materials,...

(This article belongs to the Collection Ultrasound Transducers)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,464 Views
20 Pages

Ultra-Low Sidelobe Waveforms Design for LPI Radar Based on Joint Complementary Phase-Coding and Optimized Discrete Frequency-Coding

  • Yuxiao Song,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Jingyang Xie,
  • Yiming Yang and ,
  • Biao Tian and
  • Shiyou Xu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

28 May 2022

In this paper, in order to reduce the probability of the radar waveform intercepted by the passive detection system, the time-bandwidth product of the radar waveform is increased, and the detection probability of the radar waveform to the target is i...

(This article belongs to the Section Engineering Remote Sensing)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
6,847 Views
21 Pages

On the QKD Integration in Converged Fiber/Wireless Topologies for Secured, Low-Latency 5G/B5G Fronthaul

  • Dimitris Zavitsanos,
  • Argiris Ntanos,
  • Giannis Giannoulis and
  • Hercules Avramopoulos

28 July 2020

A research contribution focusing on the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)-enabled solutions assisting in the security framework of an optical 5G fronthaul segment is presented. We thoroughly investigate the integration of a BB84-QKD link, operating at t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Technology in 5G)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,912 Views
14 Pages

28 December 2018

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome contains structured elements thought to play important regulatory roles in viral RNA translation and replication processes. We used in vitro RNA binding assays to map interactions involving the HCV 5′UTR and d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CSV2018: The 2nd symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology (CSV))
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,750 Views
17 Pages

15 March 2016

In 1957, Francis Crick et al. suggested an ingenious explanation for the process of frame maintenance. The idea was based on the notion of comma-free codes. Although Crick’s hypothesis proved to be wrong, in 1996, Arquès and Michel discovered the exi...

(This article belongs to the Section Genomics and Proteomics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,148 Views
14 Pages

On Some Families of Codes Related to the Even Linear Codes Meeting the Grey–Rankin Bound

  • Iliya Bouyukliev,
  • Stefka Bouyuklieva and
  • Maria Pashinska-Gadzheva

3 December 2022

Bounds for the parameters of codes are very important in coding theory. The Grey–Rankin bound refers to the cardinality of a self-complementary binary code. Codes meeting this bound are associated with families of two-weight codes and other com...

(This article belongs to the Section E1: Mathematics and Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
989 Views
16 Pages

Symplectic QSD, LCD, and ACD Codes over a Non-Commutative Non-Unitary Ring of Order Nine

  • Sarra Manseri,
  • Patrick Solé,
  • Adel Alahmadi and
  • Widyan Basaffar

18 September 2025

We introduce quasi self-dual (QSD), linear complementary dual (LCD), and additive complementary dual (ACD) codes for the symplectic inner product over a non-commutative non-unitary ring of order 9. We establish connections with symplectic–self-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discrete Math in Coding Theory, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,811 Views
13 Pages

Skew Constacyclic Codes over a Non-Chain Ring

  • Mehmet Emin Köroğlu and
  • Mustafa Sarı

17 March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the algebraic structure of the non-local ring Rq=Fq[v]/⟨v2+1⟩ and identify the automorphisms of this ring to study the algebraic structure of the skew constacyclic codes and their duals over this ring. Furt...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Information and Coding Theory)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,787 Views
9 Pages

A Novel Composite Coding Method for Incoherent Scatter Radar

  • Haoyi Chen,
  • Kai Yuan,
  • Ming Yao and
  • Jiawei Xiong

18 November 2021

Many modern ionospheric studies rely on incoherent scatter radars (ISR) since this kind of radar is able to detect various ionospheric parameters over very long ranges. The performance of ISR significantly depends on its coding system. In recent deca...

(This article belongs to the Section Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
783 Views
17 Pages

2 February 2026

In this article, we study polycyclic codes over the ring R=Fq[v]/⟨v2−1⟩, where q=pm with p being an odd prime. First, we introduce polycyclic codes and sequential codes over R, and characterize the structural properties of these p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Algebra and Related Topics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,731 Views
11 Pages

A High Signal–Noise Ratio UWB Radar for Buried Pipe Location Using Golay Complementary Sequences

  • Jingxia Li,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Hang Xu,
  • Bingjie Wang and ,
  • Li Liu and
  • Xinpeng Chen
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

25 November 2019

A Golay-based ultra wideband ground penetrating for underground pipes location is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Golay complementary codes with the code length of 1024 and frequency of 1 GHz are used as the probe signals. The two-dimension...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,018 Views
13 Pages

Interaction of α-Melanocortin and Its Pentapeptide Antisense LVKAT: Effects on Hepatoprotection in Male CBA Mice

  • Karlo Houra,
  • Petra Turčić,
  • Mario Gabričević,
  • Tin Weitner and ,
  • Paško Konjevoda and
  • Nikola Štambuk
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

26 August 2011

The genetic code defines nucleotide patterns that code for individual amino acids and their complementary, i.e., antisense, pairs. Peptides specified by the complementary mRNAs often bind to each other with a higher specificity and efficacy. Applicat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
629 Views
19 Pages

13 March 2026

Conventional excitation signals used in ultrasonic measurements, such as the one-cycle pulse, produce waveforms that experience significant attenuation and dispersion during propagation in highly attenuative materials, resulting in a low signal-to-no...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in and Research on Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,024 Views
22 Pages

Cyclic Codes over a Non-Local Non-Unital Ring

  • Adel Alahmadi,
  • Malak Altaiary and
  • Patrick Solé

15 March 2024

We study cyclic codes over the ring H of order 4 and characteristic 2 defined by generators and relations as H=⟨a,b∣2a=2b=0,a2=0,b2=b,ab=ba=0⟩. This is the first time that cyclic codes over a non-unitary ring are studied. Every cy...

  • Article
  • Open Access

Hierarchical Color-Assisted Absolute Phase Retrieval with Guide-Phase Refinement for Dual-Projector Fringe Projection Profilometry

  • Jorge L. Flores,
  • Marija Strojnik,
  • Jorge A. Contreras,
  • Sotero Ordones and
  • Guillermo Garcia-Torales

31 October 2026

Accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of discontinuous and discrete objects remains challenging in fringe projection profilometry because abrupt depth changes, self-occlusion, and shadowed regions can introduce fringe-order ambiguities and phase...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Metrology Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,862 Views
21 Pages

30 January 2026

Industrial PLC programming faces persistent difficulties: lengthy development cycles, low fault tolerance, and cross-platform incompatibility among vendors. While LLMs show promise for automated code generation, their direct application is hindered b...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
4,135 Views
10 Pages

A Multisecret-Sharing Scheme Based on LCD Codes

  • Adel Alahmadi,
  • Alaa Altassan,
  • Ahmad AlKenani,
  • Selda Çalkavur and ,
  • Hatoon Shoaib and
  • Patrick Solé
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

18 February 2020

Secret sharing is one of the most important cryptographic protocols. Secret sharing schemes (SSS) have been created to that end. This protocol requires a dealer and several participants. The dealer divides the secret into several pieces ( the shares)...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algebra and Its Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,518 Views
17 Pages

Cyclic Codes over a Non-Commutative Non-Unital Ring

  • Adel Alahmadi,
  • Malak Altaiary and
  • Patrick Solé

28 June 2024

In this paper, we investigate cyclic codes over the ring E of order 4 and characteristic 2 defined by generators and relations as E=⟨a,b∣2a=2b=0,a2=a,b2=b,ab=a,ba=b⟩. This is the first time that cyclic codes over the ring E are st...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,397 Views
12 Pages

Chaotic Coding for Interference Suppression of Digital Ionosonde

  • Sijia Han,
  • Wei Guo,
  • Peng Liu,
  • Te Wang and ,
  • Caiyun Wang,
  • Qingyu Fang,
  • Jian Yang,
  • Lingling Li,
  • Dapeng Liu and
  • Jianping Huang
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

27 July 2023

External interference in ionospheric sounding seriously degrades the quality of echo signals and data; thus, it should be eliminated. This paper presents a method for suppressing interference using chaotic coding with a set of Bernoulli map sequences...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Radar Signal Processing and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
712 Views
15 Pages

Dark-Field Lau Interferometer: Barker-Babinet Gratings

  • Cristina Margarita Gómez-Sarabia and
  • Jorge Ojeda-Castañeda

30 September 2025

We design a phase rendering technique that exploits the link between the angular deviations of a beam and the optical implementation of cross-correlations. We employ two suitably coded gratings, which are incorporated as part of a new device here cal...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approaches and Applications of Optics & Photonics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
649 Views
15 Pages

Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Gingival Thickness Assessment: Color-Coded Probe Versus Ultrasound Measurements

  • Jakub Hadzik,
  • Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross,
  • Tomasz Gedrange,
  • Krzysztof Kujawa and
  • Marzena Dominiak

27 February 2026

Accurate assessment of gingival thickness is essential for clinical decision-making in implant dentistry, periodontology, and orthodontics. Qualitative phenotype assessment using color-coded periodontal probes is commonly applied as a rapid screening...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Digital Dentistry: Novel Materials and Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,386 Views
16 Pages

Construction of Boolean Functions from Hermitian Codes

  • Guillermo Sosa-Gómez,
  • Octavio Paez-Osuna,
  • Omar Rojas,
  • Pedro Luis del Ángel Rodríguez and ,
  • Herbert Kanarek and
  • Evaristo José Madarro-Capó
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

11 March 2022

In 2005, Guillot published a method for the construction of Boolean functions using linear codes through the Maiorana–McFarland construction of Boolean functions. In this work, we present a construction using Hermitian codes, starting from the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Codes, Designs, Cryptography and Optimization, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7,832 Views
14 Pages

11 August 2011

This paper describes a method for producing a novel type of ferromagnetic coded micro-carrier. The ferromagnetic coded micro-carriers are about 200 μm in length, 200 μm in width and 50 μm in thickness, and contain eight code elements with two disting...

(This article belongs to the Section Biosensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,933 Views
9 Pages

With the fast development of networks, one has to focus on the security of information running in real networks. A technology that might be able to resist attacks equipped with AI techniques and quantum computers is the so-called topological graphic...

(This article belongs to the Topic Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
450 Views
17 Pages

Orthogonal direct sum masking (ODSM) protects embedded cryptographic implementations against side-channel attacks by splitting the ambient space into a source code C carrying sensitive data and a complementary masking code D carrying fresh randomness...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,227 Views
21 Pages

4 August 2023

Simultaneously polarimetric radar (SPR) realizes the rapid measurement of a target’s polarimetric scattering matrix by transmitting orthogonal radar waveforms of good ambiguity function (AF) properties and receiving their echoes via two orthogo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Applications of MIMO Radar)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,115 Views
15 Pages

24 June 2023

In the platform economy, platform enterprises connect producers and customers, matching diverse supply with diverse demand to achieve profit goals. The big data assets and marketing relationships owned by platform enterprises are complementary assets...

  • Article
  • Open Access
478 Views
20 Pages

Construction of Multi-Rate QC-LDPC Codes Based on Permutation Method

  • Hengzhou Xu,
  • Jinru Wang,
  • Mei Zhang,
  • Mengmeng Xu and
  • Qian Wang

3 August 2026

This paper proposes a systematic permutation-based construction method for multi-rate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes. We first present a graph-theoretic framework in which any regular QC-LDPC code can be normalized to a canonic...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combinatorics and Graph Theory with Applications in Computer Science)
  • Letter
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,003 Views
10 Pages

Buffering management is a crucial function in current optical packet switching (OPS) networks. To avoid packet blocking due to competition for the same switched path, optical buffering is required to queue packets after a router makes the forwarding...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communications and Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
8,875 Views
20 Pages

Analysis of Doppler Effect on the Pulse Compression of Different Codes Emitted by an Ultrasonic LPS

  • José A. Paredes,
  • Teodoro Aguilera,
  • Fernando J. Álvarez,
  • Jesús Lozano and
  • Jorge Morera

15 November 2011

This work analyses the effect of the receiver movement on the detection by pulse compression of different families of codes characterizing the emissions of an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System. Three families of codes have been compared: Kasami, Co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensorial Systems Applied to Intelligent Spaces)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,243 Views
26 Pages

10 May 2025

Measuring and comparing religious freedom across countries and over time requires reliable and valid data sources. Existing religious freedom datasets are either based on the coding of qualitative data (such as the Religion and State Project or the P...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Systems and Data Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
10,264 Views
13 Pages

Super Field-of-View Lensless Camera by Coded Image Sensors

  • Tomoya Nakamura,
  • Keiichiro Kagawa,
  • Shiho Torashima and
  • Masahiro Yamaguchi

16 March 2019

A lensless camera is an ultra-thin computational-imaging system. Existing lensless cameras are based on the axial arrangement of an image sensor and a coding mask, and therefore, the back side of the image sensor cannot be captured. In this paper, we...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced CMOS Image Sensors and Emerging Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,053 Views
30 Pages

Cloud-native software-delivery pipelines increasingly rely on Policy-as-Code (PaC) to automate security, compliance, and governance enforcement. Although Policy-as-Code is widely adopted within Continuous Integration (CI) pipelines and Kubernetes adm...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,536 Views
13 Pages

18 April 2023

Antisense long noncoding RNA (as-lncRNA) is a lncRNA transcribed in reverse orientation that is partially or completely complementary to the corresponding sense protein-coding or noncoding genes. As-lncRNAs, one of the natural antisense transcripts (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
735 Views
17 Pages

21 January 2026

High-quality code representations are fundamental to code intelligence. Achieving such representations with parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) remains a key challenge. While code pre-trained models (CodePTMs) offer a robust foundation for general...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
983 Views
24 Pages

3 November 2025

The construction of self-dual and linear complementary dual (LCD) codes over finite rings, particularly over semi-local and local structures, is an active area of research due to their algebraic richness and applications in communications and cryptog...

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