In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, fungi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered important causative microorganisms for peritonitis with poor prognosis. Our objective was to explore expressions of membrane complement (C) regulators (CRegs) and t...
Complement factor I (CFI), a complement inhibitor, is well known for regulating the complement system activation by degrading complement component 3b (C3b) in animal serum, thus becoming involved in innate defense. Nevertheless, the functional mechan...
Sertoli cells within the testis are instrumental in providing an environment for spermatogenesis and protecting the developing germ cells from detrimental immune responses which could affect fertility. Though these immune responses consist of many im...
The complement system is a central component of innate immunity, with essential roles in host defense, immune complex clearance, apoptotic cell removal, and tissue homeostasis. In the kidney, glomerular and tubular structures are continuously exposed...
Although several lines of evidence from different studies highlight sex differences in cardiovascular diseases, to date, most studies have been focused on males, with the idea that males and females are similar, differing only in the magnitude of the...
Heme (Fe2+-protoporphyrin IX) is a pigment of life, and as a prosthetic group in several hemoproteins, it contributes to diverse critical cellular processes. While its intracellular levels are tightly regulated by networks of heme-binding proteins (H...
A central part of the complement system, the anaphylatoxin C5a was investigated in this study to learn its effects on tenocytes in respect to understanding the potential expression of other crucial complement factors and pro-inflammatory mediators in...
The organs of the male reproductive tract, including the testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, and semen, must provide an immunoregulatory environment conducive to germ cell viability and successful fertilization. Many immune components, su...
Viruses require a host for replication and survival and hence are subjected to host immunological pressures. The complement system, a crucial first response of the host immune system, is effective in targeting viruses and virus-infected cells, and bo...
The complement system is a central component of innate immunity that coordinates host defense, immune surveillance, and inflammatory responses through tightly regulated proteolytic cascades. Genetic variation within complement genes contributes subst...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are not only cytotoxic towards host pathogens or cancer cells but also are able to act as immunomodulators. It was shown that some human and non-human AMPs can interact with complement proteins and thereby modulate compl...
Invasive fungal infections constitute a substantial global health burden, with invasive candidiasis representing approximately 70% of reported cases worldwide. The emergence of antifungal resistance among Candida species has further exacerbated this...
The complement system is an important component of transplant rejection. Sertoli cells, an immune regulatory testicular cell, survive long-term when transplanted across immunological barriers; thus, understanding the mechanisms behind this unique sur...
The conserved cyanobacterial protein PipX is part of a complex interaction network with regulators involved in essential processes that include metabolic homeostasis and ribosome assembly. Because PipX interactions depend on the relative levels of th...
During early gestation in humans, complement regulation is essential for normal fetal growth. It is supposed that a complement pathway participates in maternal splenic immune regulation at the early stage of gestation in ewes. The aim of this study w...
Transplantation is a clinical procedure that treats a variety of diseases yet is unattainable for many patients due to a nationwide organ shortage and the harsh side effects of chronic immune suppression. Xenografted pig organs are an attractive alte...
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ApiA is a trimeric autotransporter outer membrane protein (Omp) that participates in multiple functions, enabling A. actinomycetemcomitans to adapt to a variety of environments. The goal of this study is to ident...
Metalloporphyrins (MPs) that induce heme oxygenase (HO)-1 were shown to attenuate complement-mediated glomerular injury, with cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPPIX) being the most effective. To decipher the efficacy between CoPPIX and its constituents (Co...
Liver diseases, ranging from chronic hepatitis and metabolic dysfunction to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, represent a major global public health burden. As an immune-privileged organ, the liver harbors a unique and intricate immune microenv...
Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cell products and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived regenerative grafts increasingly use multilayer immune engineering. Current strategies are strongest against direct human leukocyte antige...
Microglia are central regulators of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, but their roles cannot be reduced to a simple protective-versus-harmful dichotomy. Genetic, single-cell, and spatial studies have shown that Alzheimer ’s-associated mic...
Protoplast systems have been proven powerful tools in modern plant biology. However, successful preparation of abundant viable protoplasts remains a challenge for Cymbidium orchids. Herein, we established an efficient protoplast isolation protocol fr...
The immune system is essential to protect organisms from internal and external threats. The rapidly acting, non-specific innate immune system includes complement, which initiates an inflammatory cascade and can form pores in the membranes of target c...
Complement is an essential part of innate immunity as it participates in host defense against infections, disposal of cellular debris and apoptotic cells, inflammatory processes and modulation of adaptive immune responses. Several soluble and membran...
The complement system is the other major proteolytic cascade in the blood of vertebrates besides the coagulation–fibrinolytic system. Among the three main activation routes of complement, the lectin pathway (LP) has been discovered the latest,...
Background and Objectives: Bladder cancer (BLCA), intimately associated with the immune system, represents a substantial global health burden due to its high recurrence rates and limited therapeutic effectiveness. Although immunotherapy shows promise...
The complement system is composed of a complex protein network and is pivotal to innate immunity. Complement 3 (C3) is a critical protein in the complement cascade and participates in complement activation and immune defense. In this study, C3 from N...
Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers of kidney injury and disease progression. In this context, the role of sialic acids emerged as a critical regulatory layer linking redox imbalance, immune activation, and tissue damage. Sialic acids a...
The recent revolution in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) genetics has demonstrated that genetic alterations affecting the alternative pathway of the complement cascade have a major influence on AMD risk. One of the two most important genetic l...
In the natural world, there are many creatures with venoms that have interesting and varied activities. Although the sea anemone, a member of the phylum Coelenterata, has venom that it uses to capture and immobilise small fishes and shrimp and for pr...
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent symptoms in response to a wide range of external stimuli, including allergens, viral infections, and air pollution together with internal host-derived danger signa...
The limitations of current medications for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) emphasize the urgent need for the development of new drugs. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-RA mechanism of amygdalin using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based q...
Schizophrenia is a genetically complex neuropsychiatric disorder with largely unresolved mechanisms of pathology. Identification of genes and pathways associated with schizophrenia is important for understanding the development, progression and treat...
The complement system plays a pivotal role in the body’s immune defense mechanism. Its key effector molecule C5a and its primary receptor C5aR1 exhibit complex “double-edged sword” effects in various disease processes, including inf...
Background: Case reports are available showing that patients develop symptoms of acute arthritis during or after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since the interrelation is still unknown, our aim was to study the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocap...
This study aimed to investigate whether intracellular complement 3 (C3) activation regulates ATP production in yak rumen epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions and its potential mechanism. An in vitro inflammation model was established by sti...
Ammonium transporter (AMT)-mediated acquisition of ammonium nitrogen from soils is essential for the nitrogen demand of plants, especially for those plants growing in flooded or acidic soils where ammonium is dominant. Recent advances show that AMTs...
Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) is composed of various proteins, peptides, and enzymes with different biological and pharmacological functions. A number of previous studies have reported that NNAV exerts potent analgesic effects on various animal models...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles which are released from cells and play multifaceted roles in cellular communication in health and disease. EVs can be isolated from various body fluids, including serum and plasma, and are usabl...
Background and Aims—Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling orchestrates tumorigenesis and one of the family members, TGF-β receptor type III (TGFβR3), are distinctively under-expressed in numerous malignancies. Currently, the clinical impa...
Microglia-mediated chronic neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Strong evidence suggests that activated microglia can lesion neurons by releasing exosomes. However, the mechanisms of exosome release fr...
The complement (C) innate immune system has been shown to be activated in the tumor microenvironment of various cancers. The C may support tumor growth by modulating the immune response and promoting angiogenesis through the actions of C anaphylatoxi...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most common chemotherapy agent of CRC. A high level of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) in cancer cells has been associated with...
Background/Objectives: Constipation can be induced in animal models through various factors such as loperamide (Lop) or complement component 3 (C3) deficiency. The effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the clinical management of constipation has bee...
For decades, the complement system, the central pillar of innate immune response, was recognized as a protective mechanism against cancer cells and the manipulation of complement effector functions in cancer setting offered a great opportunity to imp...
Heme oxygenase is a cytoprotective enzyme with strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Its cytoprotective role is mainly attributed to its enzymatic activity, which involves the degradation of heme to biliverdin with simultaneous release of...
Aging is a complex degenerative process characterized by the accumulation of molecular damage and a heightened susceptibility to disease. The oxidative stress theory of aging identifies endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) as primary drivers of t...
Background and objectives: Overnutrition leads to a metabolic and inflammatory response that includes the activation of Complement. Properdin is the only amplifier of complement activation and increases the provision of complement activation products...
Background/Objectives: Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of clinical cancer therapy that causes broad immune responses. The complement system is a pivotal effector mechanism in the innate immune response, but the impact of RT is less well understood. T...
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains visual function and preserves structural integrity of the retina. Chronic dysfunction of the RPE is associated with retinal degeneration, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The AMD pathoge...
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