Complement factor I (CFI), a complement inhibitor, is well known for regulating the complement system activation by degrading complement component 3b (C3b) in animal serum, thus becoming involved in innate defense. Nevertheless, the functional mechan...
The limitations of current medications for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) emphasize the urgent need for the development of new drugs. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-RA mechanism of amygdalin using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based q...
Ammonium transporter (AMT)-mediated acquisition of ammonium nitrogen from soils is essential for the nitrogen demand of plants, especially for those plants growing in flooded or acidic soils where ammonium is dominant. Recent advances show that AMTs...
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease in cats caused by infection with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Despite severe inflammatory changes, defense mechanisms fail to achieve virus clearance. Some studies focused on various immune evasion...
The link of the complement system to angiogenesis has remained circumstantial and speculative for several years. Perhaps the most clinically relevant example of possible involvement of complement in pathological neovascularization is age-related macu...
Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic blood-sucking nematode from the abomasum of small ruminants. To develop effective control strategies, it is essential to understand the initial mechanisms involved in host resistance to this parasite. In th...
Transplantation is used to treat many different diseases; however, without the use of immunosuppressants, which can be toxic to the patient, grafted tissue is rejected by the immune system. Humoral immune responses, particularly antibodies and comple...
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains visual function and preserves structural integrity of the retina. Chronic dysfunction of the RPE is associated with retinal degeneration, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The AMD pathoge...
The complement system is a central component of innate immunity that coordinates host defense, immune surveillance, and inflammatory responses through tightly regulated proteolytic cascades. Genetic variation within complement genes contributes subst...
Lyme disease is a vector-borne illness caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi species group. These bacteria employ several mechanisms to survive within the vertebrate host, including evasion of the complement system. In this stud...
The complement system is an important component of transplant rejection. Sertoli cells, an immune regulatory testicular cell, survive long-term when transplanted across immunological barriers; thus, understanding the mechanisms behind this unique sur...
Sertoli cells within the testis are instrumental in providing an environment for spermatogenesis and protecting the developing germ cells from detrimental immune responses which could affect fertility. Though these immune responses consist of many im...
In recent years, our knowledge of the complement system beyond innate immunity has progressed significantly. A modern understanding is that the complement system has a multifaceted role in malignancy, impacting carcinogenesis, the acquisition of a me...
The complement system represents a crucial part of innate immunity. It contains a diverse range of soluble activators, membrane-bound receptors, and regulators. Its principal function is to eliminate pathogens via activation of three distinct pathway...
Originally discovered in the 1890s, the complement system has traditionally been viewed as a “compliment” to the body’s innate and adaptive immune response. However, emerging data have shown that the complement system is a much more...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the elderly in the developed world. Whilst AMD is a multifactorial disease, the involvement of the complement system in its pathology is well documented, wi...
The crosstalk among the complement system, immune cells, and mediators of inflammation provides an efficient mechanism to protect the organism against infections and support the repair of damaged tissues. Alterations in this complex machinery play a...
Bee venom (BV)—a complex mixture of peptides and toxic proteins including phospholipase A2 and melittin—promotes blood clotting. In this study, we investigated the anti-atopic properties of BV and the mechanism associated with its regulation of the c...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) heads the list of legal blindness among the elderly population in developed countries. Due to the complex nature of the retina and the variety of risk factors and mechanisms involved, the molecular pathways unde...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, is a degenerative disease of the macula, where retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are damaged in the early stages of the disease, and chronic inflammatory pr...
Invasive fungal infections constitute a substantial global health burden, with invasive candidiasis representing approximately 70% of reported cases worldwide. The emergence of antifungal resistance among Candida species has further exacerbated this...
Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates are known not only to act like cytotoxic agents, but they also can display some additional activities in mammalian organisms. In particular, these peptides can modulate the complement system as was des...
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is becoming a major global health issue. The amount and time of exposure to PM are known to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism through which PM affects the vascular system is...
The complement system and neutrophils play crucial roles in innate immunity. Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of decondensed DNA entangled with granular contents, as part of their innate immune function. M...
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes huge economic loss to the grass carp cultivation industry but the mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the global and complement gene-specific DNA methylation in grass carp after GCRV inf...
Transplantation is a clinical procedure that treats a variety of diseases yet is unattainable for many patients due to a nationwide organ shortage and the harsh side effects of chronic immune suppression. Xenografted pig organs are an attractive alte...
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant adverse event with unclear mechanisms and limited treatment alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of two alkalizing agents, a mixture of potassium citrate and sod...
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ApiA is a trimeric autotransporter outer membrane protein (Omp) that participates in multiple functions, enabling A. actinomycetemcomitans to adapt to a variety of environments. The goal of this study is to ident...
Staphylococcus aureus inhibits complement activity by secreting a variety of toxins. However, the underlying mechanism of complement component regulation by lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of S. aureus, has not been elucidated. In this...
Human complement receptor 1 (CR1) is a membrane-bound regulator of complement that has been the subject of recent attempts to generate soluble therapeutic compounds comprising different fragments of its extracellular domain. This review will focus on...
The complement system orchestrates a multi-faceted immune response to the invading pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Macrophages engulf the mycobacterial bacilli through bacterial cell surface proteins or secrete proteins, which activate the comp...
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies. The use of biological compounds such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is being considered as a therapeutic option to improve or complement current treatments since the deregulation...
The complement system is a pivotal component of innate immunity, extensively studied in vertebrates but also present in invertebrates. This study explores the existence of a terminal complement pathway in the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri, aiming to...
The CD20 mAbs, rituximab (RTX) and ofatumumab (OFA), have been used with success in the clinic in the treatment of B cell malignancies. These mAbs can eliminate B cells only by utilizing the body’s immune effector mechanisms, and there is considerabl...
Many potential immune therapeutic targets are similarly affected in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s (AD) disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as...
Rice spotted-leaf mutants serve as valuable resources for studying plant programmed cell death (PCD) and disease resistance mechanisms, making them crucial for research on disease resistance in rice. Map-based cloning was used to identify and clone t...
Insulin resistance is present in the majority of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the key genes and potential molecular mechanism in insulin resistance. Expression profi...
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are key regulators of diverse cellular processes in eukaryotes, including transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, signal transduction and DNA repair. However, the biological functions of PRMTs in Vertic...
Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers of kidney injury and disease progression. In this context, the role of sialic acids emerged as a critical regulatory layer linking redox imbalance, immune activation, and tissue damage. Sialic acids a...
Our study investigates the genetic mechanisms underlying the spotted leaf phenotype in rice, focusing on the spl43 mutant. This mutant is characterized by persistent reddish-brown leaf spots from the seedling stage to maturity, leading to extensive l...
Complement factor H (CFH) is a fluid phase regulator of complement proteins and functions to prevent complement attack and immune surveillance. CFH is known to inactivate therapeutic antibody-dependent complement-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. We fo...
The molecular target for the classical complement pathway (CP) is defined by surface-bound immunoglobulins. Therefore, numerous anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exploit the CP as their effector mechanism. Conversely, the alternative complement...
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen in nature and serves as an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. The tet(X4) gene is a key determinant mediating tigecycline resistance. Although its core resistance mec...
Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cell products and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived regenerative grafts increasingly use multilayer immune engineering. Current strategies are strongest against direct human leukocyte antige...
The complement system is crucial for immune defense, linking innate and adaptive immunity. In the classical and lectin pathways, C4 is split into C4b, triggering opsonization, lysis, and the removal of pathogens and damaged cells. Dysregulated activa...
Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the molecular links between these conditions are not fully understood. Methods: We performed an integrative serum proteomics study on samples from 134 individuals (healthy...
Cadmium (Cd) stress has a major impact on ecosystems, so it is important to find suitable Cd-tolerant plants while elucidating the responsible molecular mechanism for phytoremediation to manage Cd soil contamination. Iris lactea var. chinensis is an...
(1) Background: methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a zoonotic pathogen, and its hemolysins serve as key virulence factors. Functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) are protein-enriching platforms and regulate diverse physiolog...
Skin inflammation and immune regulation have been suggested to be associated with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) progression, but whether the system’s immune regulation is a cause or a potential mechanism is still unknown. This study aims to...
In the air and ground transportation sectors, new environmental regulations and societal concerns have triggered a search for new products and processes that complement resources and the environment. To address these issues, this article reports on c...
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