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  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,269 Views
17 Pages

Kinematics, kinetics and biomechanics of human gait are widely investigated fields of research. The biomechanics of locomotion have been described as characterizing muscle activations and synergistic control, i.e., spatial and temporal patterns of co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bionic Technology—Robotic Exoskeletons and Prostheses: 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,434 Views
16 Pages

Data Fusion-Based Musculoskeletal Synergies in the Grasping Hand

  • Parthan Olikkal,
  • Dingyi Pei,
  • Tülay Adali,
  • Nilanjan Banerjee and
  • Ramana Vinjamuri

29 September 2022

The hypothesis that the central nervous system (CNS) makes use of synergies or movement primitives in achieving simple to complex movements has inspired the investigation of different types of synergies. Kinematic and muscle synergies have been exten...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Methods for Biomedical Data Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,962 Views
12 Pages

Dynamical Synergies of Multidigit Hand Prehension

  • Dingyi Pei,
  • Parthan Olikkal,
  • Tülay Adali and
  • Ramana Vinjamuri

31 May 2022

Hand prehension requires highly coordinated control of contact forces. The high-dimensional sensorimotor system of the human hand operates at ease, but poses several challenges when replicated in artificial hands. This paper investigates how the dyna...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors for Human Movement Analysis Related to Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,893 Views
15 Pages

Technical Viability Analysis of Industrial Synergies—An Applied Framework Perspective

  • Rui Dias,
  • João Azevedo,
  • Inês Ferreira,
  • Marco Estrela and ,
  • Juan Henriques,
  • Cristina Ascenço and
  • Muriel Iten
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

18 September 2020

To foster the implementation of Industrial Symbiosis, several support tools have been developed to facilitate the dissemination of Industrial Symbiosis (IS) and the engagement of stakeholders; the establishment of exchanges between companies, the so-...

(This article belongs to the Collection Industrial Symbiosis and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,076 Views
27 Pages

Platform-Dependent Differences in Beam Characteristics and Low-Dose Exposure: A Comparative Study of Elekta™ Synergy and Varian TrueBeam™ Linear Accelerators Using SunSCAN™ 3D Phantom and Octavius® 4D QA

  • Marian-Răzvan Bălan,
  • Anda Elena Crișan,
  • Eugen Osiac,
  • Cristiana-Iulia Dumitrescu and ,
  • Suzana Măceș,
  • Mihai Popescu,
  • Luana Corina Lascu,
  • Maria Mihai,
  • Sanda-Amelia Drăcea and
  • Daniela Dumitrescu
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

20 February 2026

Background/Objectives: Inter-platform variability in beam characteristics and low-dose exposure may arise from differences in linear accelerator head design, multileaf collimator geometry, and dose calculation algorithms. This study aimed to evaluate...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Radiation Therapy for Cancers)
  • Review
  • Open Access
187 Views
46 Pages

Toward Robust and Reliable Muscle Synergy Analysis: A Methodological Survey of Synergy Extraction

  • Yaru Chen,
  • Xiaohong Wang,
  • Yongxuan Wang,
  • Pengju Xie and ,
  • Liangchi Zhan,
  • Haibin Liu,
  • Hongyu Yin and
  • Rong Liu
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

23 October 2026

Muscle synergy analysis has been widely applied in neuroscience, biomechanics, rehabilitation, and robotics. However, the reliability of muscle synergy extraction remains a critical issue, as results are highly sensitive to variations in experimental...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Signal Processing for Healthcare Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,749 Views
21 Pages

17 July 2023

Regional synergy innovation capability is an important driving force in promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the regional economy. Taking the regional innovation development panel data of the Yangtze River Delta integration regio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,106 Views
28 Pages

8 April 2026

Innovation is the core driving force behind high-quality development. This study uses a sample of Chinese A-share non-financial listed companies from 2011 to 2024. It empirically examines the impact of digital–green synergy on corporate innovat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Management Practices Through Digital Marketing and Sustainable Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,327 Views
18 Pages

One of the most important questions in business partners’ collaboration is whether their strategies create a collaborative synergy and thus add market value. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that will be useful for scholars and...

(This article belongs to the Collection Business Performance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,463 Views
18 Pages

Synergy Degree Evaluation Based on Synergetics for Sustainable Logistics Enterprises

  • Juan Huang,
  • Yuhong Shuai,
  • Qi Liu,
  • Hang Zhou and
  • Zhenggang He

27 June 2018

Today, logistics activities have become a major source of pollution that affects the environment and green logistics is becoming a hot topic. A logistics company’s operating strategy determines the direction of logistics activities and impact d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Business and Operational Models for the Management of Green and Sustainable City Logistics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,419 Views
18 Pages

1 December 2025

Muscle synergies offer valuable insights into the movement strategies employed by the central nervous system and present a promising avenue for clinical applications. However, the field lacks a complete understanding of how surface electromyography p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomedical Signal Processing and Analysis)
  • Review
  • Open Access
46 Citations
9,085 Views
21 Pages

Muscle Synergies in Parkinson’s Disease

  • Ilaria Mileti,
  • Alessandro Zampogna,
  • Alessandro Santuz,
  • Francesco Asci and ,
  • Zaccaria Del Prete,
  • Adamantios Arampatzis,
  • Eduardo Palermo and
  • Antonio Suppa
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

5 June 2020

Over the last two decades, experimental studies in humans and other vertebrates have increasingly used muscle synergy analysis as a computational tool to examine the physiological basis of motor control. The theoretical background of muscle synergies...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensing Technology Applied in Parkinson Disease)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,954 Views
20 Pages

Synergy of National Agricultural Innovation Systems

  • Dan Wang,
  • Xu Du,
  • Jian Sun,
  • Xiangyu Guo and
  • Yao Chen

21 September 2018

Synergy among the various components of national agricultural innovation systems (AISs) promotes agricultural development. This paper investigated the innovation synergy among the various innovation elements of national AISs. First, we developed a sy...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,052 Views
14 Pages

This paper aims to explore and to illustrate success factors of reciprocal synergies of digital transformation-based merger and acquisition (M&A) deals in the grocery retail industry. The author carried out a case study on the merger of Ahold Del...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,227 Views
16 Pages

Estimation of Time-Frequency Muscle Synergy in Wrist Movements

  • Ping Xie,
  • Qingya Chang,
  • Yuanyuan Zhang,
  • Xiaojiao Dong and ,
  • Jinxu Yu and
  • Xiaoling Chen
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

16 May 2022

Muscle synergy analysis is a kind of modularized decomposition of muscles during exercise controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). It can not only extract the synergistic muscles in exercise, but also obtain the activation states of muscles to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
63 Citations
14,326 Views
14 Pages

An Optimized Checkerboard Method for Phage-Antibiotic Synergy Detection

  • Isidora Nikolic,
  • Darija Vukovic,
  • Damir Gavric,
  • Jelena Cvetanovic and ,
  • Verica Aleksic Sabo,
  • Sonja Gostimirovic,
  • Jelena Narancic and
  • Petar Knezevic
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

14 July 2022

Phage-antibiotic synergy is a promising therapeutic strategy, but there is no reliable method for synergism estimation. Although the time-kill curve assay is a gold standard, the method is not appropriate for fast and extensive screening of the syner...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Phage Therapy Development in Europe 2022)
  • Perspective
  • Open Access
13 Citations
9,347 Views
11 Pages

A Perspective on Muscle Synergies and Different Theories Related to Their Adaptation

  • Ashar Turky Abd,
  • Rajat Emanuel Singh,
  • Kamran Iqbal and
  • Gannon White

3 September 2021

The human motor system is a complex neuro-musculo sensory system that needs further investigations of neuro-muscular commands and sensory-motor coupling to decode movement execution. Some researchers suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) acti...

(This article belongs to the Section Neuromechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
14,184 Views
16 Pages

This paper examines differences in work-family conflict and synergy among the four generational groups represented in the contemporary workforce: Generation Y Generation X, Baby Boomers, and Matures using data from the 2008 National Study of the Chan...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Stress and Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,301 Views
16 Pages

Reconstructing Synergy-Based Hand Grasp Kinematics from Electroencephalographic Signals

  • Dingyi Pei,
  • Parthan Olikkal,
  • Tülay Adali and
  • Ramana Vinjamuri

18 July 2022

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have become increasingly popular in restoring the lost motor function in individuals with disabilities. Several research studies suggest that the CNS may employ synergies or movement primitives to reduce the complexity...

(This article belongs to the Topic Human–Machine Interaction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,252 Views
17 Pages

Numerical Research of Pump-as-Turbine Performance with Synergy Analysis

  • Zheng Cao,
  • Jianqiang Deng,
  • Linkun Zhao and
  • Lin Lu

11 June 2021

The wide use of pumps and turbines has significant value in energy conservation and utilization. In this work, a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and a one-dimensional theoretical model of a Pump as Turbine (PAT) were establ...

  • Perspective
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,316 Views
14 Pages

Transferring Sensor-Based Assessments to Clinical Practice: The Case of Muscle Synergies

  • Alessandro Scano,
  • Valentina Lanzani,
  • Cristina Brambilla and
  • Andrea d’Avella

18 June 2024

Sensor-based assessments in medical practice and rehabilitation include the measurement of physiological signals such as EEG, EMG, ECG, heart rate, and NIRS, and the recording of movement kinematics and interaction forces. Such measurements are commo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors for Human Health Monitoring and Analysis)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,246 Views
5 Pages

The Influence of Lower Limb Muscle Selection on Synergy Analysis during Running

  • Yaru Chen,
  • Wenqian Chen,
  • Yongxuan Wang,
  • Hailong Liu and ,
  • Xiaohong Wang and
  • Rong Liu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Muscle synergies have emerged as a novel framework that offers a deeper understanding of the physiological basis of motor control and have been extensively applied in various fields. This study aims to investigate muscle synergies, involving the sele...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2023 International Summit on the Study of Information)
  • Article
  • Open Access
716 Views
29 Pages

31 December 2025

This study examines urban–water synergy as the spatial coordination between urban expansion and water systems. Using land-use data from 2000 to 2020, the central urban areas of Jingzhou and Anqing are analyzed as representative small and medium...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Untangling Urban Analysis Using Geographic Data and GIS Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
9,673 Views
30 Pages

28 December 2022

In our research we have focused our effort on answering one major question: could theory about synergy effects help to strengthen the cooperation between organizations to achieve more sustainable business? In order to do that, we set up three main re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,492 Views
15 Pages

An Algorithm for Choosing the Optimal Number of Muscle Synergies during Walking

  • Riccardo Ballarini,
  • Marco Ghislieri,
  • Marco Knaflitz and
  • Valentina Agostini

11 May 2021

In motor control studies, the 90% thresholding of variance accounted for (VAF) is the classical way of selecting the number of muscle synergies expressed during a motor task. However, the adoption of an arbitrary cut-off has evident drawbacks. The ai...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromyography Signal Acquisition and Processing for Movement Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,605 Views
16 Pages

13 February 2023

The Yellow River Basin plays an important role in economic and social development and ecological security; therefore, its ecological protection and high-quality development are vital. In order to understand the level of synergistic development betwee...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,950 Views
18 Pages

21 April 2023

To better address the inequities and inequalities brought by the monotonous approach to low-carbon development, it is necessary to actively explore inclusive low-carbon development (ILCD) pathways, and low-carbon policy (LCP) synergy plays a crucial...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,756 Views
18 Pages

2 April 2022

The human gait can be described as the synergistic activity of all individual components of the sensory–motor system. The central nervous system (CNS) develops synergies to execute endpoint motion by coordinating muscle activity to reflect the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors & Gait)
  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
6,941 Views
27 Pages

Variability of Muscle Synergies in Hand Grasps: Analysis of Intra- and Inter-Session Data

  • Una Pale,
  • Manfredo Atzori,
  • Henning Müller and
  • Alessandro Scano

1 August 2020

Background. Muscle synergy analysis is an approach to understand the neurophysiological mechanisms behind the hypothesized ability of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to reduce the dimensionality of muscle control. The muscle synergy approach is also...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Techniques and Methods for Movement Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,187 Views
14 Pages

Gait Synergy Analysis and Modeling on Amputees and Stroke Patients for Lower Limb Assistive Devices

  • Feng-Yan Liang,
  • Fei Gao,
  • Junyi Cao,
  • Sheung-Wai Law and
  • Wei-Hsin Liao

25 June 2022

The concept of synergy has drawn attention and been applied to lower limb assistive devices such as exoskeletons and prostheses for improving human–machine interaction. A better understanding of the influence of gait kinematics on synergies and...

(This article belongs to the Section Wearables)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,104 Views
34 Pages

7 May 2026

As critical spatial carriers for concentrating factor resources related to digitalization and greening, urban agglomerations provide key platforms for advancing the synergistic development of these two domains. Drawing on a city-level panel covering...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cities in the Digital Age: Harnessing Smart Technologies for Urban Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,732 Views
14 Pages

Acquisition-based dynamic capabilities have become well established as a new imperative for organizing mergers and acquisitions (M&A) processes. However, understanding the full benefits and possible limits of real options applications to measure...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation, Internationalization and Entrepreneurship)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,962 Views
19 Pages

3 March 2023

The growing and multiple interests in land as a resource has led to an increase in locally or regionally clashing land use interests on agricultural land which may result in conflicts or open up possibilities for synergies. Urbanization, food product...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,731 Views
15 Pages

Nitrofurantoin–Aminoglycoside Synergy Against Common Uropathogens Evaluated by Disc Diffusion: A Pilot Study

  • Filip Bielec,
  • Monika Łysakowska,
  • Małgorzata Brauncajs,
  • Adrian Bekier and ,
  • Stanisław Klimaszewski and
  • Dorota Pastuszak-Lewandoska
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This pilot study assessed the in vitro synergy between nitrofurantoin and aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin) against three...

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Microbiology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,393 Views
15 Pages

Synergies with and Resistance to Membrane-Active Peptides

  • Adam Kmeck,
  • Robert J. Tancer,
  • Cristina R. Ventura and
  • Gregory R. Wiedman

19 September 2020

Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) have long been thought of as the key to defeating antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Such peptides, however, may not be sufficient alone. In this review, we seek to highlight some of the common pathways for resist...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Utility of Antimicrobial Peptides)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,532 Views
40 Pages

Sulforaphane, a bioactive isothiocyanate found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, has attracted significant attention for its chemopreventive and therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer. There is now an abundance of peer-reviewed research do...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,753 Views
26 Pages

Synergy Degree Evaluation of Container Multimodal Transport System

  • Xiaoping Fang,
  • Zhang Ji,
  • Zhiya Chen,
  • Weiya Chen and ,
  • Chao Cao and
  • Jinrong Gan
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

17 February 2020

Logistics activities are an important source of energy consumption and environmental issues. Research conclusions and practical experience show that promoting the development of container multimodal transport is an effective way to reduce the level o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,841 Views
13 Pages

13 November 2024

Background/Objective: Muscle synergy analysis based on machine learning has significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the central nervous system motor control of gait and has identified abnormal gait synergies in stroke pa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment Strategy and Mechanism of Acute Ischemic Stroke)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,223 Views
18 Pages

Analysis of Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs and Synergies in Ulansuhai Basin

  • Lina Wang,
  • Enyi Yu,
  • Shuang Li,
  • Xiao Fu and
  • Gang Wu

1 September 2021

As an important grain production base and ecological barrier zone in China, Ulansuhai Basin provides a variety of important ecosystem services and ensures human well-being, and it is essential to maintain the sustainable development of the regional e...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Ecology and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
7,302 Views
12 Pages

The need for synergy testing is driven by the necessity to extend the antimicrobial spectrum, reducing drug dosage/toxicity and the development of resistance. Despite the abundance of synergy testing methods, there is the absence of a gold standard a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,789 Views
18 Pages

Comparison of Two Synergy Approaches for Hybrid Cropland Mapping

  • Di Chen,
  • Miao Lu,
  • Qingbo Zhou,
  • Jingfeng Xiao and ,
  • Yating Ru,
  • Yanbing Wei and
  • Wenbin Wu
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

22 January 2019

Cropland maps at regional or global scales typically have large uncertainty and are also inconsistent with each other. The substantial uncertainty in these cropland maps limits their use in research and management efforts. Many synergy approaches hav...

  • Review
  • Open Access
83 Citations
27,693 Views
20 Pages

25 August 2023

The emergence of artificial-intelligence (AI)-powered information technology, such as deep learning and natural language processing, enables human to shift their behaving or working diagram from human-only to human–AI synergy, especially in the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human–AI Teaming: Synergy, Decision-Making and Interdependency)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,790 Views
19 Pages

How Fintech Impacts Enterprises’ Digital–Green Synergy

  • Chenyang Meng,
  • Yu Peng,
  • Jiaxin Zhang and
  • Jinjin Chen

13 June 2025

Based on a sample of A-share companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2022, this paper measures and analyzes the degree of enterprises’ digital–green synergy and further tests the influe...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Governance, Innovation Management and Sustainability Performance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,893 Views
12 Pages

Evaluation Method of Synergy Degree for Comprehensive Benefits System of Hydropower Projects

  • Xuan Zhou,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Jiankang Chen,
  • Yanling Li and ,
  • Xiang Lu,
  • Junru Li and
  • Yongfei Wang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

28 September 2021

The hydropower project had comprehensively benefited people from aspects of the economy, society, ecology, etc. The comprehensive benefit is a key indicator for evaluating a project’s performance. However, the existing studies only evaluated the comp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,011 Views
17 Pages

2 November 2023

This paper takes the two subsystems of inland ports and industries along the Yangtze River as a composite system as a research object, providing insight into the influence of the development efficiency of inland ports along the Yangtze River and the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI in Action: Advancing Infrastructure Inspection, Monitoring, and Management for Sustainable and Resilient Performance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,064 Views
19 Pages

2 September 2024

Synergy in a contractor project team improves performance by integrating diverse knowledge and skills among team members, enabling the achievement of project objectives. However, according to a literature review, factors that enhance synergy among co...

(This article belongs to the Section Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,480 Views
18 Pages

5 March 2018

Innovation and talent are the guarantee of the sustainable development of an enterprise. However, internet companies are facing two major problems: innovation scarcity and frequent talent flow. The gradual intensification of competition is leading in...

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
7,163 Views
22 Pages

13 September 2016

Aboveground and underground spaces along the urban rail transit (AUSURT) are integral parts of the urban space. Collaborative planning of AUSURT can help to improve the efficiency of urban space use and boost urban sustainable development (USD). This...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
9,664 Views
23 Pages

Synergies and Trade-Offs in the Sustainable Development Goals—The Implications of the Icelandic Tourism Sector

  • David Cook,
  • Nína Saviolidis,
  • Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir,
  • Lára Jóhannsdóttir and
  • Snjólfur Ólafsson

5 August 2019

The development of major economic sectors can provide the bedrock on which long-lasting national economic prosperity is formed. Iceland’s tourism sector is an example of a rapidly expanded industry in recent years, to the extent that it has bec...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,902 Views
18 Pages

Influence of Backpack Carriage and Walking Speed on Muscle Synergies in Healthy Children

  • Giorgia Marino,
  • Alessandro Scano,
  • Giulia Beltrame,
  • Cristina Brambilla and ,
  • Alessandro Marazzi,
  • Francesco Aparo,
  • Lorenzo Molinari Tosatti,
  • Roberto Gatti and
  • Nicola Portinaro
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

Four to five muscle synergies account for children’s locomotion and appear to be consistent across alterations in speed and slopes. Backpack carriage induces alterations in gait kinematics in healthy children, raising questions regarding the cl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics of Human Movement and Its Clinical Applications)

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