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Sustainable Cities in the Digital Age: Harnessing Smart Technologies for Urban Innovation

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Urban and Rural Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 2370

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Engineering, Gulf University, Sanad 26489, Bahrain
Interests: smart cities; environment and sustainability; renewable energy and green technology; Internet of Things (IoT); SDGs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute of Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Interests: smart cities; water quality modelling; water and wastewater treatment; sustainable water management; GIS and remote sensing; Internet of Things (IoT); SDGs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Sustainable Cities in the Digital Age: Harnessing Smart Technologies for Urban Innovation”, invites original research, applied case studies, and critical reviews that address the practical implementation of smart technologies for sustainable urban development. Cities worldwide face complex challenges—ranging from climate change and rapid urbanization to resource scarcity and socio-economic disparities. The “smart city” paradigm offers transformative pathways, but success depends on the effective integration of digital infrastructure, policy frameworks, and community engagement.

For this issue, we particularly welcome submissions that demonstrate evidence-based outcomes from the deployment of IoT systems, AI-powered analytics, digital twins, blockchain platforms, and other emerging technologies, highlighting their measurable contributions to resilience, efficiency, inclusivity, and environmental performance.

Scope:

We welcome interdisciplinary contributions, with subtopics including (but not limited to) the following:

  1. Climate and Environmental Monitoring
  • IoT-based air and water quality monitoring systems;
  • AI for predicting and mitigating climate hazards (heatwaves, floods, wildfires);
  • Digital solutions for urban biodiversity tracking and green space management.
  1. Smart Infrastructure and Energy Systems
  • Smart grids and renewable energy integration (solar, wind, bioenergy);
  • Energy efficiency optimization in buildings through AI and IoT;
  • Demand-side energy management and microgrid technologies.
  1. Urban Mobility and Transport Innovation
  • Intelligent transport systems and real-time traffic optimization;
  • Low-carbon mobility solutions: EV charging networks, e-bikes, and shared mobility platforms;
  • Autonomous vehicle integration and safety governance.
  1. Digital Twins and Predictive Modelling
  • Simulation platforms for sustainable urban planning and zoning;
  • Infrastructure lifecycle management through predictive analytics;
  • Emergency and disaster response planning using digital replicas.
  1. Urban Governance and Citizen Engagement
  • Blockchain-enabled transparent governance, land registries, and budgeting;
  • Open data platforms for participatory decision-making;
  • E-governance tools to reduce administrative inefficiencies and corruption.
  1. Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency
  • Smart waste management systems and waste-to-energy innovations;
  • Water reuse and recycling supported by IoT monitoring;
  • Material flow tracking for circular construction practices.
  1. Public Health and Urban Wellbeing
  • Health data analytics for pandemic preparedness and disease surveillance;
  • Smart lighting, ventilation, and noise management for healthy living environments;
  • Digital platforms for mental health and community wellbeing support.
  1. Urban Inclusivity and Social Equity
  • Bridging the digital divide through accessible smart services;
  • Inclusive design for persons with disabilities in smart infrastructure;
  • Equity assessment frameworks for technology access and benefit sharing.
  1. Urban Sustainability Metrics and Evaluation Tools
  • Indicators for tracking carbon neutrality and net-zero goals;
  • AI-assisted multi-criteria assessment for sustainability performance;
  • Comparative studies on urban sustainability across regions and income levels.
  1. Ethics, Policy, and Data Governance
  • Ethical AI deployment and algorithmic transparency in urban contexts;
  • Privacy-preserving technologies for urban data collection;
  • Policy frameworks to regulate emerging urban technologies.

Purpose:

This Special Issue aims to provide a scholarly and practical platform for knowledge exchange, advancing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities)—with links to SDG 7 (Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). By focusing on scalable and context-sensitive solutions, it seeks to guide policymakers, technology developers, and planners toward actionable pathways for sustainable, inclusive, and resilient cities.

Contribution to Sustainability:

Aligned with the journal’s mission, this Special Issue will contribute by assessing and quantifying the impact of smart city innovations on environmental quality, social inclusion, economic resilience, and governance transparency. It will also highlight tools and metrics for measuring urban sustainability and offer insights into regulatory and policy dimensions of smart urban transformation.

Dr. Mohammed N. Abdulrazaq Alshekhly
Prof. Dr. Alhassan H. Ismail
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart cities
  • climate-resilient urban systems
  • IoT for sustainability
  • AI in urban planning
  • digital twin applications
  • low-carbon mobility
  • blockchain for governance
  • urban climate adaptation
  • circular economy in cities
  • sustainable development goals (SDG 11)
  • green and blue infrastructure
  • data-driven urban innovation
  • urban inclusivity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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32 pages, 3989 KB  
Review
A Review of Vacuum-Enhanced Solar Stills for Improved Desalination Performance
by Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Hassan A. Abdulhadi, Sura S. Al-Musawi and Mujeeb Saif
Sustainability 2025, 17(21), 9535; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219535 - 27 Oct 2025
Viewed by 886
Abstract
The lack of freshwater and the low efficiency of the traditional solar stills have led to the search to find a technology that can enhance desalination by use of vacuum-enhanced solar still technology. This review intends to investigate the impact of integrating a [...] Read more.
The lack of freshwater and the low efficiency of the traditional solar stills have led to the search to find a technology that can enhance desalination by use of vacuum-enhanced solar still technology. This review intends to investigate the impact of integrating a vacuum into solar stills, which include vacuum membrane distillation (VMD), nanoparticle-enhanced solar stills, multi-effect/tubular solar stills, geothermal integration and parabolic concentrator solar stills. The most important findings show that the productivity improves greatly: vacuum-assisted solar stills give up to 133.6% more product using Cu2O nanoparticles, and multi-effect tubular stills under vacuum (40−60 kPa) show a doubling in freshwater productivity (7.15 kg/m2) in comparison to atmospheric operation. Geothermal cooling and vacuum pump systems show a 305% increase in productivity, and submerged VMD reached 5.9 to 11.1 kg m−2 h−1 with solar heating. Passive vacuum designs further reduce the energy used down to a specific cost, using as little as USD 0.0113/kg. Nevertheless, membrane fouling, initial cost, and the complexity of the system can still be termed as the challenges. This review highlights the significance of vacuum-enhanced solar stills to address the critical issue of freshwater scarcity in arid regions. The integration of vacuum membrane distillation, nanoparticle and heat recovery into vacuum-enhanced solar stills enabled us to improve the economic feasibility. We conclude that vacuum technologies significantly boost the efficiency and economic feasibility of solar desalination as a potential approach to sustainable desalination. Specifically, these inventions will contribute to providing a renewable and cost-effective solution for freshwater production. Further investigations are required to overcome the existing challenges, such as system complexity and membrane fouling, to effusively comprehend the efficacy of vacuum-enhanced solar stills to ensure sustainable water management. Full article
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Other

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45 pages, 8001 KB  
Systematic Review
A Review on the Impact of Condenser Technologies on Solar Still Productivity
by Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Ahmed Jasim Hashim, Sura S. Al-Musawi, Qais Almaamari and Iqbal M. Mujtaba
Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10786; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310786 - 2 Dec 2025
Viewed by 225
Abstract
To scientifically address the low productivity issue of traditional solar desalination systems, the current review intends to investigate the effect of design changes and performance improvement of solar stills with external and internal condensers. This review highlights that elements such as coolant techniques, [...] Read more.
To scientifically address the low productivity issue of traditional solar desalination systems, the current review intends to investigate the effect of design changes and performance improvement of solar stills with external and internal condensers. This review highlights that elements such as coolant techniques, the geometry of the condenser, and material features (e.g., nanofluids or surfaces of wettability) have a pivotal impact on maximising output. The results show that the combination of external condensers in solar stills is remarkably effective, where the efficiency ranges between 24% and 165% in distillate yield depending on the design modifications, which include the use of nanofluids, reflectors, and phase change materials (PCMs). In this regard, internal condensers explicitly display significant performance advances, with water production improvements of more than 150% in improved stepped designs and 60% in capillary film designs. To guarantee the maximum production of fresh water, this review proposes a number of adjustments to elevate the overall performance of solar stills, such as condensers with enhanced mechanisms of heat transfer or passive cooling strategies, which enable solar stills to be more practical in achieving the sustainable desalination of water across a wide range of climatic regions. Indeed, the enhancement of the efficiency of solar desalination technologies would support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), providing access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. Full article
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