1,550 Results Found

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic option for cancer, in which photosensitizer (PS) drugs, light, and molecular oxygen generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cell death. First- and second-generation PSs presented with problems tha...

Organ-on-chips and scaffolds for tissue engineering are vital assay tools for pre-clinical testing and prediction of human response to drugs and toxins, while providing an ethical sound replacement for animal testing. A success criterion for these mo...

The kidneys are often involved in adverse effects and toxicity caused by exposure to foreign compounds, chemicals, and drugs. Early predictions of these influences are essential to facilitate new, safe drugs to enter the market. However, in current d...

Evodiamine (EVO) and rutaecarpine (RUT) are promising anti-tumor drug candidates. The evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity and cellular uptake of EVO and RUT in 3D multicellular spheroids of cancer cells would better recapitulate the native...

Chordomas are rare, slow-growing tumors of the axial skeleton. These tumors are locally aggressive and refractory to conventional therapies. Radical surgery and radiation remain the first-line treatments. Despite these aggressive treatments, chordoma...

The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, sh...

To provide accurate and efficient forecasting of fluvial flooding assessment in the river basin, the present study links the well-known CA-based urban inundation modeling (2D-OFM-CA) with a one-dimensional river flow model (1D-RFM) as a coupled 1D-2D...

Cellular connectivity for UAV systems is interesting because it promises coverage in beyond visual line of sight scenarios. Inter-cell interference has been shown to be the main limiting factor at high altitudes. Using a realistic 3D simulator model,...

Over the past decade, the development of three-dimensional (3D) models has increased exponentially, facilitating the unravelling of fundamental and essential cellular mechanisms by which cells communicate with each other, assemble into tissues and or...

Retina is a layered structure of the eye, composed of different cellular components working together to produce a complex visual output. Because of its important role in visual function, retinal pathologies commonly represent the main causes of visua...

Aging, marked by a decline in cellular function and increased risk of diseases, involves the accumulation of senescent cells. This study aims to develop and characterize 3D senescent skin models to understand cellular senescence mechanisms’ imp...

Current cancer research is limited by the availability of reliable in vivo and in vitro models that are able to reproduce the fundamental hallmarks of cancer. Animal experimentation is of paramount importance in the progress of research, but it is be...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) still poses a challenge in terms of complex etiology, not fully effective methods of treatment, and lack of healing agents. This neurodegenerative condition considerably affects the comfort of life by causing difficulties with...

Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool...

Dietary flavones 6,3´,4´-trihydroxyflavone (6,3´,4´-HOFL) and 7,3´,4´-trihydroxyflavone (7,3´,4´-HOFL) showed preliminary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in a two-dimensional (2D) cell cult...

Combining the additive manufacturing (AM) process of extrusion with lightweight concrete, mono-material but multi-functional elements with an internal cellular structure can be created to achieve good thermal performance of a wall at low resource con...

In order to prevent new pathogen outbreaks and avoid possible new global health threats, it is important to study the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, screen new antiviral agents and test new vaccines using the best methods. In the last decade,...

Organ-on-chips and scaffolds for tissue engineering are vital assay tools for pre-clinical testing and prediction of human response to drugs and toxins, while providing an ethically sound alternative to animal testing and a low-cost alternative to ex...

Cellular automata (CA) modeling is a powerful and efficient tool for simulating the dynamic evolution of polycrystalline microstructures in modern materials and metallurgy studies, such as solidification, plastic deformation and recrystallization. We...

In this work, a new 3D cellular model—based on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM–MSCs)—was used for the first time to test the 45S5 Bioglass^® (45S5). Such a model, previously used to evaluate the biologic performance...

Traditional prosthetic liners are often limited in customization due to constraints in manufacturing processes and materials. Typically made from non-compressible elastomers, these liners can cause discomfort through uneven contact pressures and inad...

Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the promising radiotherapy techniques for patients with pancreatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated the biological effectiveness of BNCT at mu...

The discovery of novel anti-leishmanial compounds remains essential as current treatments have known limitations and there are insufficient novel compounds in development. We have investigated three complex and physiologically relevant in vitro assay...

Breast cancer represents one of the leading causes of death for which new strategies of [...]

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and confocal fluorescence studies of a porphyrin-based photosensitiser (meso-tetraphenylporphine disulfonate: TPPS_2a) were evaluated in 2D monolayer cultures and 3D compressed collagen constructs of a human ovaria...

Endothelial and epithelial cellular barriers play a vital role in the selective transport of solutes and other molecules. The properties and function of these barriers are often affected in case of inflammation and disease. Modelling cellular barrier...

The effects of the hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) slow-releasing donor, named GSGa, a glutathione-conjugate water-soluble garlic extract, on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in both bidimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures were investigated...

Due to the complexity of modeling tumor-host interactions within the tumor microenvironment in vitro, we developed a 3D heterotypic cellular breast cancer (BC) model. We generated spheroid models using MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cell lines alongsi...

Cancer is a complex disease arising from a homeostatic imbalance of cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-related mechanisms. A multimodal approach to treat cancer that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy often fails in achieving tumo...

We prepared cellulose nanofibrils-based (CNF), alginate-based and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)-based inks for freeform reversible embedding hydrogel (FRESH) 3D bioprinting of conductive scaffolds. The 3D printability of conductive inks was...

Understanding the complex dynamics of tumor growth to develop more efficient therapeutic strategies is one of the most challenging problems in biomedicine. Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids, reflecting avascular microregions within a tumor, are...

Reaction-diffusion models have been proposed for decades to capture the growth of gliomas. Nevertheless, these models require an initial condition: the tumor cell density distribution over the whole brain at diagnosis time. Several works have propose...

Natural cosmetic products have recently re-emerged as a novel tool able to counteract skin aging and skin related damages. In addition, recently achieved progress in nanomedicine opens a novel approach yielding from combination of modern nanotechnolo...

Due to its ability to achieve geometric complexity at high resolution and low length scales, additive manufacturing (AM) has increasingly been used for fabricating cellular structures (e.g., foams and lattices) for a variety of applications. Specific...

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D (VD) plays a crucial role in age-related diseases, and its influence on cellular senescence (CS) could help clarify its function in aging. Considering VD’s pleiotropic effects and the heterogeneity of CS. Method...

Design optimization through the integration of multiple functions into a single part is a highly effective strategy to reduce costs, simplify assembly, improve performance, and reduce weight. Additive manufacturing facilitates the production of compl...

Today, innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been proposed as viable and biomimetic alternatives for initial drug screening, allowing the improvement of the efficiency of drug development. These models are gaining popularity, giv...

Gastrointestinal (GI) mucus plays a pivotal role in the tissue homoeostasis and functionality of the gut. However, due to the shortage of affordable, realistic in vitro GI models with a physiologically relevant mucus layer, studies with deeper insigh...

Two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) models are widely used for wildfire simulation due to their clean representation of environment and fire mechanics and their computational efficiency. In this review we describe the mechanisms through which fore...

Black soil areas are strongly affected by rill erosion due to the geomorphic characteristics of flood plains and heavy rainfall. To study the problem of rill erosion in black soil areas and achieve ecological restoration, based on the method of artif...

In this work, aerial parts of Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. produced in Umbria, Italy, were chemically investigated by solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) to describe their volatile profile. The resul...

Many charge controlled models of memristor have been proposed for various applications. First, the original linear dopant drift model suffers discontinuities close to the memristor layer boundaries. Then, the nonlinear dopant drift model improves the...

Background: 1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepines (PTEs) are compounds originally identified in marine ascidians and are currently under investigation for their promising pharmacological properties, particularly as potential antineoplastic agents. Objectives: In...

To supporting a wider and diverse range of applications, device-to-device (D2D) communication is a key enabler in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNets). It plays an important role in fulfilling the performance and quality of service (QoS) requir...

The machining of cellular metals has been a challenge, as the resulting surface is extremely irregular, with torn off or smeared material, poor accuracy, and subsurface damage. Although cutting experiments have been carried out on cellular materials...

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis remains an important cause of AVF maturation failure, for which there are currently no effective therapies. We examined the pattern and phenotype of cellular proliferation at different timepoints in a...

The cellular industry faces challenges in controlling the quality of signals for all users, given its meteoric growth in the last few years. The service providers are required to place cellular towers at the optimal location for providing a strong ce...

In recent years, there has been a surge in the extrusion-based 3D printing of materials for various biomedical applications. This work presents a novel methodology for optimizing extrusion-based 3D bioprinting of a gelatin/siloxane hybrid material fo...

Amphiphilic cyclodextrins are biocompatible oligosaccharides that can be used for drug delivery especially for the delivery of drugs with solubility problems thanks to their unique molecular structures. In this paper, Paclitaxel was used as a model a...

Device-to-device (D2D) communications bring significant improvements of spectral efficiency by underlaying cellular networks. However, they also lead to a more deteriorative interference environment for cellular users, especially the users in severel...