Early Adventitial Activation and Proliferation in a Mouse Model of Arteriovenous Stenosis: Opportunities for Intervention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Mouse AVF Model Histology
2.2. Cellular Proliferation
2.3. Macrophage Infiltration
3. Discussion
- (a)
- Non-peri-anastomotic stenotic lesions: We speculate that (a) needle stick injuries prior to AVF creation, (b) venous valves and (c) non laminar flow as a result of unique anatomical configurations could be responsible for non-peri-anastomotic clinical stenoses.
- (b)
- Forearm versus upper arm AVFs: In an earlier study by our group that described the cellular composition of neointimal hyperplasia in forearm and upper-arm AVFs, there was no real difference in the cellular phenotype, suggesting that the downstream venous response could be similar regardless of the type of vascular injury or the anatomical location of the same [23].
- (c)
- First time stenosis versus restenotic lesions: While the data on this are limited, we have previously not been able to demonstrate any significant histological changes between these two clinical settings.
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Arteriovenous Fistula Model Development
4.3. Specimen Collection and Processing
4.4. Processing of Samples for Histology
4.5. Immunohistochemistry
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chan, J.-S.; Wang, Y.; Cornea, V.; Roy-Chaudhury, P.; Campos, B. Early Adventitial Activation and Proliferation in a Mouse Model of Arteriovenous Stenosis: Opportunities for Intervention. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212285
Chan J-S, Wang Y, Cornea V, Roy-Chaudhury P, Campos B. Early Adventitial Activation and Proliferation in a Mouse Model of Arteriovenous Stenosis: Opportunities for Intervention. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212285
Chicago/Turabian StyleChan, Jenq-Shyong, Yang Wang, Virgilius Cornea, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, and Begoña Campos. 2021. "Early Adventitial Activation and Proliferation in a Mouse Model of Arteriovenous Stenosis: Opportunities for Intervention" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212285