For reducing side effects and improvement of swallowing, we studied the encapsulation of activated carbon formulations with a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose (HSBC) gel using two kinds of encapsulating methods: Methods A and B. In Method A,...
Interfacial reactions between Mg-40Al and Mg-30Y master alloys were investigated at intervals of 25 °C in the 350–400 °C by using a diffusion couple method. Noticeable reaction layers were formed at the interfaces of the diffusion coupl...
Numerical simulations of contaminated spherical drops falling through a stagnant liquid at low Reynolds numbers are carried out using the finite difference method. The numerical results are used to describe the behavior of the surfactant concentratio...
Modelling of a mineral dissolution front propagation is of interest in a wide range of scientific and engineering fields. The dissolution of minerals often involves complex physico-chemical processes at the solid–liquid interface (at nano-scale), whi...
Ion diffusion, the precipitation of hydration products, and interactions between different reactive particles are critical for optimizing the design of low-carbon cementitious systems. However, at the sub-micron scale, the complex spatial and chemica...
The ingress of body fluids or their constituents is one of the main causes of failure of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs). Progressive delamination takes its origin at the junctions where exposed electrodes and conductive pathways enter the...
The colloidal probe technique was used to measure the inner layer capacitance of an electrical double layer. In particular, the forces were measured between silica surfaces and sulfate latex surfaces in solutions of monovalent salts of different alka...
Many thermohydraulic issues about the safety of light water reactors are related to complicated two-phase flow phenomena. In these phenomena, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using the volume of fluid (VOF) method causes numerical diffusio...
Hard-coated surfacing of a few micrometers is widely applied to increase the efficiency of tools, e.g., for cutting, forming, and casting applications. Therefore, the base thermodiffusion surface treatment is a practical solution to these issues by h...
Cu–Cu joints have been adopted for ultra-high-density packaging for high-end devices. However, the atomic diffusion rate is notably low at the preferred processing temperature, resulting in clear and distinct weak bonding interfaces, which, in...
A high-throughput method was employed to effectively obtain the cross-scale relationship of elastic copper alloys. Firstly, a Cu–Ni–Ti–Cu25Al–Cu35Sn diffusion multiple was prepared and heat-treated under a specified condition...
Time-fractional interface problems arise in systems where interacting materials exhibit memory effects or anomalous diffusion. These models provide a more realistic description of physical processes than classical formulations and appear in heat cond...
The poor surface performance of titanium alloys substantially limits their application in many fields, such as the petrochemical industry. To overcome this weakness, the Cu and Ni double layers were deposited on the surface of TC4 alloy by the electr...
We propose a framework that synthesizes artistic landscape sketches using a diffusion model-based approach. Furthermore, we suggest a three-channel perspective map (3CPM) that mimics the artistic skill used by real artists. We employ Stable Diffusion...
The diffusion phenomenon in the Ti–Ni binary system was investigated at a temperature of 1173 K. Microstructure and texture analysis revealed the formation of three stable intermetallic compounds, namely Ti2Ni, TiNi, and TiNi3, as well as two m...
This paper provides a new method to compare and then reveal the vacancy sink efficiencies quantitively between different hetero-interfaces with a shared Cu layer in one sample, in contrast to previous studies, which have compared the vacancy sink eff...
For decades, Moore’s Law has neared its limits, posing significant challenges to further scaling it down. A promising avenue for extending Moore’s Law lies in three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs), wherein multiple interconnected...
Road construction consumes a lot of resources and produces a lot of waste and other pollutants. With the emergence of a resource and energy crisis, how to make efficient use of rap has become the research focus of scientific researchers. The interfac...
Al2O3 coatings are the most promising candidate material for mitigating (lead-bismuth eutectic) LBE corrosion at elevated temperatures, but preventing inward diffusion of Pb, Bi, and O for the ceramic coating remains a critical challenge. Here, we ha...
Water diffusion in polymers is relevant to a broad range of physicochemical phenomena and technological processes. Although many fields contributed to rapid progress in the fundamental knowledge of water–polymer interactions, detailed understan...
Diffusive transport through nanoporous alumina membranes (NPAMs) produced by the two-step anodization method, with similar pore size but different porosity, is studied by analyzing membrane potential measured with NaCl solutions at different concentr...
The addition of B can inhibit the precipitation of σ phases at the grain boundary to improve the hot workability and corrosion resistance for super austenitic stainless steel with high Cr and Mo content. This study focused on the interaction be...
Cr/low-carbon steel surface composites were prepared by aqueous solution co-deposition and high-temperature solid-state diffusion technology, and the macro rule of the solid-state diffusion of chromium on the surface of low-carbon steel was analyzed....
We evaluated the power generation characteristics of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) composed of Pt-supported carbon nanowalls (CNWs) and a microporous layer (MPL) of carbon black on carbon paper (CP) as catalyst support materials. CNWs, stand...
Gaseous agents are widely used in fire extinguishing systems (FESs) when water extinguishing agents are unavailable. The extinguishing ability of the FES-gaseous agent is determined by the retention time (hold time) at which its concentration is main...
The oxidation of Ni nanoparticles supported on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite was investigated under conditions of low exposure to oxygen by methods of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. It was found that charge transfer effects at t...
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a critical issue that affects the reliability of hydrogenation reactors. The hydrogen diffusivity/trap characteristics of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel are important parameters mainly used to study the HE mechanism of steel al...
The interface bonding method has a great influence on the mechanical properties of aluminum foam sandwich (AFS). This study aims to investigate the effect of different interface bonding methods on the mechanical properties of AFS. In this paper, the...
Double-diffusive convection plays an important role in many physical phenomena of practical importance. However, the numerical simulation of these phenomena is challenging since fine meshes are often required to capture the flow physics. Hence, sever...
Owing to the high market values of natural sunstones in Oregon, a kind of artificially diffused red feldspar exhibited at the Tucson Exhibition at the beginning of this century, whose color origin is the same as that of natural sunstone (copper nanop...
The cement-based materials widely used in infrastructure construction, such as bridges and ports, are subjected to seawater erosion and medium erosion during their service life, and their durability has always been a concern. The diffusion coefficien...
The adsorption of hexylamine at the solution–gold interface in 1 M HClO4 in the presence of 0.1 M Fe2+ and 0.1 Fe3+ was studied by potentiodynamic, chronoamperometric and EIS methods. The main kinetic characteristics of the oxidation-reduction...
A general theory of a photopyroelectric (PPE) configuration, based on an opaque sample and transparent pyroelectric sensor, backing and coupling fluids is developed. A combined back-front detection investigation, based on a frequency scan of the phas...
This study presents the disorderedness effects on the subthreshold characteristics of atomically deposited ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs). Bottom-gate ZnO TFTs show n-type enhancement-mode transfer characteristics but a gate-voltage-dependent, degr...
A bimetal composite of 2205 duplex stainless steel and AZ31B magnesium alloy was cladded successfully through the method of explosive welding. The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of 2205/AZ31B bimetal composite are discussed...
In this study, the traditional hot rolling to fabricate Al/Ti laminated metal composites (LMCs) was improved by using a pre-rolling diffusion process. The effect of the pre-rolling diffusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Ti LMCs w...
To provide insight into the interface structure in Ti particle-reinforced Mg matrix composites, this study investigates the inherent Mg/Ti interface structure formed during the solidification of supercooled Mg melt on a (0001)Ti substrate using ab in...
The peculiarities of Ni and Fe diffusion in polycrystalline Cu and Cu-Fe alloys at a 650–750 °C temperature range were studied. It was shown that the bulk diffusion coefficients were in a good agreement with the available literature data ob...
Co-based coating was prepared by plasma cladding on FV520B substrates. Microstructure of the coatings was observed by scanning electron microscope. Finite element simulation as a predictive method to research the stress distributed after thermal cycl...
This paper presents a detailed review of the streaming electrification phenomena of different insulating fluids for power transformers. The comparison of different techniques used to assess the charging tendency of fluids is discussed depending on th...
Aimed at the molding of polymer nanostructure parts, the interface model between long- and short-chain polycarbonates (PC) and nickel mold inserts was established by the molecular dynamics method. The molecular mechanism of the replication capability...
The interface between dispersed compound nanoprecipitates and metal substrates can act as effective hydrogen traps, impeding hydrogen diffusion and accumulation, thus mitigating the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen-induced coating failure....
In-rubber properties of vulcanizates deteriorate in the presence of incorporated recycled ground rubber (GR). This behavior is partly explained by a possible diffusion of sulfur from the rubber matrix into the GR. Therefore, the sulfur concentration...
The spectral problem for the diffusion operator is considered in a domain containing thin tubes. A new version of the method of partial asymptotic decomposition of the domain is introduced to reduce the dimension inside the tubes. It truncates the tu...
The implementation of thermal barriers in thermoelectric materials improves their power conversion rates effectively. For this purpose, material boundaries are utilized and manipulated to affect phonon transmissivity. Specifically, interface intermix...
The impact of wet treatment using an (NH4)2S-alcohol solution on the interface state of the p-GaN/Ni/Au/Pt contact system and laser diode processing was investigated. Sulfur wet cleaning resulted in reduced surface roughness and contact resistivity....
The non-contact long pulse thermography method is commonly used to detect the defects in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The profile of interfacial defect in TBCs can be monitored by infrared camera under the irradiation of the excitation source. Un...
We present the spatial regime conversion method (SRCM), a novel hybrid modelling framework for simulating reaction–diffusion systems that adaptively combines stochastic discrete and deterministic continuum representations. Extending the regime...
Biological flows in swimming and flying bio-locomotion usually involve intricate flexible or rigid structures that undergo large deformations and displacements, as well as rich mechanisms of bio-fluid interactions. Immersed boundary methods (IBMs) ha...
Metallic joints within tokamak devices necessitate high interface hardness and superior bonding properties. However, conventional manufacturing techniques, specifically the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) diffusion joining process, encounter challenges,...
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