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Nanomaterials
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Nano Surface Engineering
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Nano Surface Engineering

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 November 2024 | Viewed by 7204

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hao Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Materials and Equipment in Harsh Marine Environment & School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China
Interests: surface engineering; nanomaterials; functional thin film; plasma technology; corrosion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kejian Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: nanomaterials; surface engineering; biosensor; photocatalysis
Prof. Dr. Guosong Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, 221100, China
Interests: coatings; surface modification; corrosion; plasma-related technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over recent decades, nanomaterials and nanotechnology have revolutionized numerous research fields in materials science, including surface science and engineering. It is well-established that the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials can endow surfaces and interfaces with a variety of functional advantages, including electrical, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant properties. Throughout the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, surface engineering technology has also played a crucial role. Using surface engineering techniques, it is possible to construct nanoscale thin films or nanodevices in a controlled manner, to alter the nanoscale structure and features of material surfaces in a specific direction, as well as to synthesize novel functional nanomaterials or nanocomposites with superior structural and interfacial properties. The combination of surface engineering technology and nanomaterials offers virtually unlimited opportunities for the design and application of novel functional materials and interfaces.

This Special Issue focuses on the current state-of-the-art in nanoscale or nanomaterial-related surface engineering. It aims to attract both academic and industrial interest in order to explore theoretical advancements and prospective applications combining surface engineering and nanomaterials. We invite authors to contribute original research and review articles addressing potential topics, including, but not limited to:

  • Nanoscale surface science and engineering, including surface modification, structure manipulation and assembly phenomena at the nano/atomic scale;
  • Low-dimensional materials and their applications in functional interfaces and nanodevices;
  • Nanoscale interfaces relevant to various applied areas, including catalysis, energy conversion and storage, biomaterials, semiconductors, sensors and corrosion protection;
  • Nanostructured or nanomaterial-based thin films and coatings;
  • Surface effects related to nanotexture, nanoarchitecture or nanocrystalline;
  • Characterization and manufacturing techniques for nanoscale surfaces and interfaces.

Dr. Hao Wu
Prof. Dr. Kejian Ding
Prof. Dr. Guosong Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • surface engineering
  • nanomaterials
  • nanoscale
  • nanostructure
  • thin film
  • low-dimensional materials
  • functional interfaces
  • surface modification techniques

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4064 KiB  
Article
Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaic Devices: Interface/Bulk Properties and Stability Issues
by Barbara Paci, Flavia Righi Riva, Amanda Generosi, Marco Guaragno, Emanuela Mangiacapre, Sergio Brutti, Michael Wagner, Andreas Distler and Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(3), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14030269 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 872
Abstract
In the present work, an insight on the morpho/structural properties of semitransparent organic devices for buildings’ integrated photovoltaics is presented, and issues related to interface and bulk stability are addressed. The organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells under investigation are characterized by a blend of [...] Read more.
In the present work, an insight on the morpho/structural properties of semitransparent organic devices for buildings’ integrated photovoltaics is presented, and issues related to interface and bulk stability are addressed. The organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells under investigation are characterized by a blend of PM6:Y6 as a photo-active layer, a ZnO ETL (electron transporting layer), a HTL (hole transporting layer) of HTL-X and a transparent electrode composed by Ag nanowires (AgNWs). The devices’ active nanomaterials, processed as thin films, and their mutual nanoscale interfaces are investigated by a combination of in situ Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectometry (EDXR) and ex situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In order to discriminate among diverse concomitant aging pathways potentially occurring upon working conditions, the effects of different stress factors were investigated: light and temperature. Evidence is gained of an essential structural stability, although an increased roughness at the ZnO/PM6:Y6 interface is deduced by EDXR measurements. On the contrary, an overall stability of the system subjected to thermal stress in the dark was observed, which is a clear indication of the photo-induced origin of the observed degradation phenomenon. Micro-Raman spectroscopy brings light on the origin of such effect, evidencing a photo-oxidation process of the active material in the device, using hygroscopic organic HTL, during continuous illumination in ambient moisture conditions. The process may be also triggered by a photocatalytic role of the ZnO layer. Therefore, an alternative configuration is proposed, where the hygroscopic HTL-X is replaced by the inorganic compound MoOx. The results show that such alternative configuration is stable under light stress (solar simulator), suggesting that the use of Molybdenum Oxide, limiting the photo-oxidation of the bulk PM6:Y6 active material, can prevent the cell from degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
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18 pages, 8661 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of Ni/NiCr/NiCrAlSi Composite Coating on Copper for Application as a Heat Exchanger in Sea Water
by Hao Du, Jiayuan Wen, Guihong Song, Hao Wu and Yansheng Yin
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(24), 3129; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13243129 - 13 Dec 2023
Viewed by 686
Abstract
This study introduces a novel Ni/NiCr/NiCrAlSi composite coating to enhance the corrosion resistance of copper, particularly for its use in marine heat exchangers. Utilizing characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical [...] Read more.
This study introduces a novel Ni/NiCr/NiCrAlSi composite coating to enhance the corrosion resistance of copper, particularly for its use in marine heat exchangers. Utilizing characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the paper investigates the coating’s composition, structure, and corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solutions. A significant focus is placed on the role of aluminum within the NiCrAlSi layer, examining its influence on the coating’s structure and corrosion behavior. The results indicate that the NiCrAlSi layer with an aluminum content of 5.49 at.% exhibits the most improved corrosion resistance, characterized by the highest corrosion potential and a corrosion current density that is more than one order of magnitude lower compared to the Ni/NiCr coating. The effectiveness of this composite coating is attributed to its multilayer structure and the synergistic effect of alloying elements Cr, Al, and Si, which collectively inhibit corrosive medium penetration. These insights present the Ni/NiCr/NiCrAlSi coating as a promising candidate for copper protection in sea water environments, merging enhanced durability with cost-effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
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19 pages, 19567 KiB  
Article
Highly Orientated Sericite Nanosheets in Epoxy Coating for Excellent Corrosion Protection of AZ31B Mg Alloy
by Hao Wu, Ke Xi, Yan Huang, Zena Zheng, Zhenghua Wu, Ruolin Liu, Chilou Zhou, Yao Xu, Hao Du and Yansheng Yin
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(16), 2310; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13162310 - 11 Aug 2023
Viewed by 974
Abstract
The growing demands for material longevity in marine environments necessitate the development of highly efficient, low-cost, and durable corrosion-protective coatings. Although magnesium alloys are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries, severe corrosion issues still hinder their long-term service in naval architecture. [...] Read more.
The growing demands for material longevity in marine environments necessitate the development of highly efficient, low-cost, and durable corrosion-protective coatings. Although magnesium alloys are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries, severe corrosion issues still hinder their long-term service in naval architecture. In the present work, an epoxy composite coating containing sericite nanosheets is prepared on the AZ31B Mg alloy using a one-step electrophoretic deposition method to improve corrosion resistance. Due to the polyetherimide (PEI) modification, positively charged sericite nanosheets can be highly orientated in an epoxy coating under the influence of an electric field. The sericite-incorporated epoxy coating prepared in the emulsion with 4 wt.% sericite exhibits the highest corrosion resistance, with its corrosion current density being 6 orders of magnitude lower than that of the substrate. Electrochemical measurements and immersion tests showed that the highly orientated sericite nanosheets in the epoxy coating have an excellent barrier effect against corrosive media, thus significantly improving the long-term anti-corrosion performance of the epoxy coating. This work provides new insight into the design of lamellar filler/epoxy coatings with superior anticorrosion performance and shows promise in the corrosion protection of magnesium alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
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13 pages, 43414 KiB  
Article
High-Bonding-Strength Polyimide Films Achieved via Thermal Management and Surface Activation
by Pin-Syuan He, Dinh-Phuc Tran, Ting-Yu Kuo, Wei-You Hsu, Huai-En Lin, Kai-Cheng Shie and Chih Chen
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(9), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13091575 - 08 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
In this study, thermal and argon (Ar) plasma/wetting treatments were combined to enhance the bonding strength of polyimide (PI) films. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to analyze the changes in the PI imidization degrees. The contact angles of the [...] Read more.
In this study, thermal and argon (Ar) plasma/wetting treatments were combined to enhance the bonding strength of polyimide (PI) films. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to analyze the changes in the PI imidization degrees. The contact angles of the PI films were also measured. The results show that the contact angles of the fully cured PI films markedly decreased from 78.54° to 26.05° after the Ar plasma treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was also conducted on the PI surfaces. We found that the intensities of the C-OH and C-N-H bonds increased from 0% to 13% and 29% to 57%, respectively, after Ar plasma activation. Such increases in the C-OH and C-N-H intensities could be attributed to the generation of dangling bonds and the breakage of the imide ring or polymer long chains. Shear tests were also conducted to characterize the bonding strength of the PI films, which, after being treated with the appropriate parameters of temperature, plasma power, and wetting droplets, was found to be excellent at greater than 35.3 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
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11 pages, 2636 KiB  
Article
Effect of Hydrothermal and Vapor Thermal Treatments on Apatite Inductivity of Titanate Nanotubes on Anodized Ti–5Nb–5Mo Surface
by Kuan-Hsiang Hsieh, Hsueh-Chuan Hsu, Shih-Ching Wu, Yi-Cheng Shih, Hsiang-Wei Yang and Wen-Fu Ho
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(8), 1296; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13081296 - 07 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1053
Abstract
Although titanium (Ti) alloys have been widely employed as biomedical materials, they cannot achieve satisfactory osseointegration when implanted in the human body due to their biologically inert nature. Surface modification can enhance both their bioactivity and corrosion resistance. The present study employed a [...] Read more.
Although titanium (Ti) alloys have been widely employed as biomedical materials, they cannot achieve satisfactory osseointegration when implanted in the human body due to their biologically inert nature. Surface modification can enhance both their bioactivity and corrosion resistance. The present study employed a Ti–5Nb–5Mo alloy with a metastable α″ phase. This alloy may undergo phase changes after conventional high-temperature heat treatment, which can deteriorate its properties. This study heat-treated the anodized Ti–5Nb–5Mo alloy by using a low-temperature hydrothermal or vapor thermal method to analyze the effects of heat treatment on its apatite induction. The results revealed that the porous nanotube structure on the surface of the alloy was transformed into anatase nanoparticles after hydrothermal or vapor thermal treatment at 150 °C for 6 h. After immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days, the amount of apatite deposited on the surface of the vapor thermal-treated alloy exceeded that on the hydrothermal-treated alloy. Therefore, post-heat treatment of anodized Ti–5Nb–5Mo by using the vapor thermal method can enhance its apatite inductivity without altering its structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
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Review

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25 pages, 9325 KiB  
Review
Burgeoning Single-Atom Nanozymes for Efficient Bacterial Elimination
by Tongyu Shi, Yuanyuan Cui, Huanxiang Yuan, Ruilian Qi and Yu Yu
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(20), 2760; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13202760 - 14 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1112
Abstract
To fight against antibacterial-resistant bacteria-induced infections, the development of highly efficient antibacterial agents with a low risk of inducing resistance is exceedingly urgent. Nanozymes can rapidly kill bacteria with high efficiency by generating reactive oxygen species via enzyme-mimetic catalytic reactions, making them promising [...] Read more.
To fight against antibacterial-resistant bacteria-induced infections, the development of highly efficient antibacterial agents with a low risk of inducing resistance is exceedingly urgent. Nanozymes can rapidly kill bacteria with high efficiency by generating reactive oxygen species via enzyme-mimetic catalytic reactions, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics for antibacterial applications. However, insufficient catalytic activity greatly limits the development of nanozymes to eliminate bacterial infection. By increasing atom utilization to the maximum, single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with an atomical dispersion of active metal sites manifest superior enzyme-like activities and have achieved great results in antibacterial applications in recent years. In this review, the latest advances in antibacterial SAzymes are summarized, with specific attention to the action mechanism involved in antibacterial applications covering wound disinfection, osteomyelitis treatment, and marine antibiofouling. The remaining challenges and further perspectives of SAzymes for practical antibacterial applications are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
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