Deep learning has achieved remarkable progress, particularly in neuroimaging analysis. Deep learning applications have also been extended from adult to pediatric medical images, and thus, this paper aims to present a systematic review of this recent...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, with broad heterogeneity in recovery outcomes particularly noted in pediatric patients. Children post-TBI are vulnerable to aberrant neurodevelopment, specifically in structural...
Neurodevelopment is a dynamic and multifactorial process, critical in the early stages of life, involving the formation of neural networks, the establishment of synapses, and the maturation of cognitive, social and emotional circuits. In this context...
Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is traditionally viewed as a disorder of impaired renal function, yet its effects extend far beyond the kidneys. Growing evidence indicates that CKD may disrupt brain development through interconnected biologica...
Calcium ions (Ca2+) serve as universal second messengers regulating endocrine, neuronal, and metabolic processes. In children and adolescents, tight calcium signaling control is crucial for growth, hormone homeostasis, neuromuscular function, and neu...
Background: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in brain development and function, especially in early life. Disruptions in the pediatric microbiota–gut–brain axis have been linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. We h...
HIV-1 is known for its complex interaction with the dysregulated immune system and is responsible for the development of neurocognitive deficits and neurodevelopmental delays in pediatric HIV populations. Considering that HIV-1-induced immune dysregu...
Maternal anemia and prenatal exposure to neurotoxic metals are widespread in low- and middle-income countries and may affect early childhood development. In Suriname, where mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining and social disparities coexi...
Background/Objectives: Associations between scores on tests of sensory integration functions demonstrated in numerous studies over six decades have contributed to the development of Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) theory and practice. Understand...
Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before the age of three years is a challenge. Analyzing the present practice may help reaching that goal. Aim: To investigate developmental abnormalities and diagnostic pathway of ASD patients in pediatric...
Background: As pediatric BOLD Signal Variability (SV) analysis is relatively novel, there is a need to provide a foundational framework that gives researchers an entry point into engaging with the topic. This begins with clarifying the definition of...
Concerns about the safety of anesthetic agents in children arose after animal studies revealed disruptions in neurodevelopment after exposure to commonly used anesthetic drugs. These animal studies revealed that volatile inhalational agents, propofol...
Prolonged hospital stays separate children from their families and adversely impact the well-being of both. Children with medical complexity (CMC) often have long hospital stays and sometimes spend months to years missing their childhoods, often alon...
Background/Objectives: Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare and complex neuroinflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and neurological dysfunction in individuals under 18 years of age. This systematic review and activation likelihoo...
Background/Objectives: Neurological complications remain a critical source of morbidity and mortality following pediatric cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). While advances in surgical and perioperative care have improved survival, th...
Given the comprehensive examination of the role of fatty acid-rich diets in central nervous system development in children, this study bridges significant gaps in the understanding of dietary effects on neurodevelopment. It delves into the essential...
Long-term outcomes of perinatal exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children are unknown. However, both HIV antiretroviral therapy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been associated with mitochondrial alte...
Sialic acid (SA) is a key component of gangliosides and neural cell adhesion molecules important during neurodevelopment. Human milk contains SA in the form of sialyllactose (SL) an abundant oligosaccharide. To better understand the potential role of...
Early-life iron deficiency has lifelong influences on brain structure and cognitive function, however characterization of these changes often requires invasive techniques. There is a need for non-invasive assessment of early-life iron deficiency with...
Introduction: Osteopontin (OPN) is a whey protein found at high concentration in human milk and is involved in processes such as bone cell proliferation and differentiation. Milk OPN has shown to be involved in various aspects of development, includi...
Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide and remains a major public health concern, particularly during pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood. Because iron is essential for brain development, both insu...
The diagnostic process for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) involves a multi-disciplinary team and includes neurodevelopmental, physical, and facial assessments and evidence of prenatal alcohol exposure during the index pregnancy. With the incr...
Somatosensory mismatch negativity (sMMN) constitutes an electrophysiological marker that initially reflects preattentional processing and subsequently indexes automatic somatosensory deviance detection. While its application in adult populations is g...
The rising prevalence of neurodevelopmental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children has prompted interest in dietary strategies that target neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) contain substant...
Determining the optimal dosing regimen for pediatric patients is a challenge due to the lack of dosing guidelines and studies. In addition, many developmental pharmacology changes that occur throughout childhood that have profound impacts on the abso...
Background: Pediatric sedation and anesthesia techniques have plenty of difficulties and challenges. Data on the pharmacologic, electroencephalographic, and neurologic response to anesthesia at different brain development times are only partially kno...
Iron deficiency in the fetal and neonatal period (perinatal iron deficiency) bodes poorly for neurodevelopment. Given its common occurrence and the negative impact on brain development, a screening and treatment strategy that is focused on optimizing...
Based on available data that include approximately 20 lines of evidence from studies in laboratory animal models, observations in humans, correlations in time, and pharmacological/toxicological considerations, it has been concluded without reasonable...
The fetal and neonatal periods are critical and sensitive periods for neurodevelopment, and involve rapid brain growth in addition to natural programmed cell death (i.e., apoptosis) and synaptic pruning. Apoptosis is an important process for neurodev...
Background: Pediatric regional anesthesia has been driven by the gradual rise in the adoption of opioid-sparing strategies and the growing concern over the possible adverse effects of general anesthetics on neurodevelopment. Nonetheless, performing r...
Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins that regulate developmental processes in the nervous system and other tissues. Overexpression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) occurs in many solid tumor types and, in several instances, may predict patient outcome i...
Motor abnormalities have been suggested to play a role in most neuropsychiatric disorders, as a potential generic neurodevelopmental vulnerability. However, they still represent a neglected area, with a paucity of empirical studies, especially in ped...
Our understanding of longitudinal outcomes of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) survivors is limited by the heterogeneity of follow-up intervals, populations, and outcomes assessed. We sought to demonstrate (1) the feasibility of longitudinal mult...
Background: This review investigates the impact of bioactive molecules produced by probiotics on child health, focusing on their roles in modulating gut microbiota, enhancing immune function, and supporting overall development. Key metabolites, inclu...
Introduction: Suspected preterm labor (SPL), defined as the presence of regular and painful uterine contractions and cervical shortening, represents a prenatal insult with potential long-term consequences. However, despite recent evidence demonstrati...
Neurodevelopmental outcomes for preschool-age children in the United States with in utero Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure have not yet been reported. We performed a case-control study to assess whether children exposed in utero to ZIKV have abnormal neuro...
There is an urgent need for the systematic monitoring of motor and cognitive neurodevelopment and the evaluation of motor skill development in infants and children with heart disease. Familiarizing students and early graduates with the developmental...
5 June 2019
Coal-based energy production is the most utilized method of electricity production worldwide and releases the highest concentration of gaseous, particulate, and metallic pollutants. This article aims to systematically review the public health impact...
Background/Objectives: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional disorder in childhood worldwide. It has profound consequences for growth, neurodevelopment, behaviour, and overall health. Despite the long-standing efficacy of oral ferrous s...
The intestine is an important segment of the gastrointestinal tract, which is involved in complex processes that maintain the body’s normal homeostasis. It hosts a vast, diverse, and dynamic microbial community called the gut microbiota, which...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children and is increasingly recognized as a systemic disorder with potential consequences beyond the skin. Growing evidence links pediatric AD to neurodevelopmental disorders, p...
SCY1 Like Pseudokinase 2 (SCYL2) is a protein that regulates secretory protein trafficking and plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment by attenuating excitotoxicity. Neurogenic arthrogryposis due to SCYL2 mutations, also known as arthrogryposis mult...
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a key neurotransmitter involved in gastrointestinal and central nervous system functions. Given that approximately 90% of serotonin is synthesized in the gut, dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota have...
Blood based traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarkers offer additional diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic utility. While adult studies are robust, the pediatric population is less well studied. We sought to determine whether plasma osteopontin (OP...
Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) typically causes mild or no symptoms in adults, during the 2015−2016 outbreak, ZIKV infection in pregnancy resulted in a spectrum of diseases in infants, including birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders id...
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disturbance with heterogeneous and not completely known etiology. Clinical and molecular appraisal of affected patients is mandatory for outcome amelioration. The current study aimed to understand the mo...
5 November 2022
The purpose of this work is to study the gap between the research evidence and the clinical practice in the physical rehabilitation of people with cerebral palsy. A review process was performed to (1) identify physical therapies to improve postural c...
Iron is an essential micronutrient for early development, being involved in several cellular processes and playing a significant role in neurodevelopment. Prematurity may impact on iron homeostasis in different ways. On the one hand, more than half o...
Nutritional intervention is worldwide recognized as a first step treatment for subjects with increased cardiovascular risk and it is of utmost importance especially for children and adolescents. Currently scientific evidence supports the role of diet...
Hypertriglyceridemia is a lipid disorder with a varying prevalence; it is very common if we consider triglyceride plasma values slightly above the threshold, whereas it is extremely rare if only severely elevated triglyceride levels are considered. I...
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