Dietary Sialyllactose Influences Sialic Acid Concentrations in the Prefrontal Cortex and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures in Corpus Callosum of Young Pigs
by
Austin T. Mudd 1,2, Stephen A. Fleming 1,2
, Beau Labhart 3, Maciej Chichlowski 3, Brian M. Berg 3,4, Sharon M. Donovan 4,5 and 
Ryan N. Dilger 1,2,4,*
Austin T. Mudd 1,2, Stephen A. Fleming 1,2, Beau Labhart 3, Maciej Chichlowski 3, Brian M. Berg 3,4, Sharon M. Donovan 4,5 and Ryan N. Dilger 1,2,4,*
1
Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
2
Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
3
Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 W Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47712, USA
4
Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
5
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2017, 9(12), 1297; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9121297
Received: 1 November 2017 / Revised: 22 November 2017 / Accepted: 23 November 2017 / Published: 28 November 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and the Function of the Central Nervous System)
Sialic acid (SA) is a key component of gangliosides and neural cell adhesion molecules important during neurodevelopment. Human milk contains SA in the form of sialyllactose (SL) an abundant oligosaccharide. To better understand the potential role of dietary SL on neurodevelopment, the effects of varying doses of dietary SL on brain SA content and neuroimaging markers of development were assessed in a newborn piglet model. Thirty-eight male pigs were provided one of four experimental diets from 2 to 32 days of age. Diets were formulated to contain: 0 mg SL/L (CON), 130 mg SL/L (LOW), 380 mg SL/L (MOD) or 760 mg SL/L (HIGH). At 32 or 33 days of age, all pigs were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess brain development. After MRI, pig serum and brains were collected and total, free and bound SA was analyzed. Results from this study indicate dietary SL influenced (p = 0.05) bound SA in the prefrontal cortex and the ratio of free SA to bound SA in the hippocampus (p = 0.04). Diffusion tensor imaging indicated treatment effects in mean (p < 0.01), axial (p < 0.01) and radial (p = 0.01) diffusivity in the corpus callosum. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) indicated differences (p < 0.05) in white matter tracts and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) indicated differences (p < 0.05) in grey matter between LOW and MOD pigs. CONT and HIGH pigs were not included in the TBSS and VBM assessments. These findings suggest the corpus callosum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may be differentially sensitive to dietary SL supplementation.
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Keywords:
neurodevelopment; milk oligosaccharide; sialyllactose; pig; corpus callosum; sialic acid; pediatric nutrition
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MDPI and ACS Style
Mudd, A.T.; Fleming, S.A.; Labhart, B.; Chichlowski, M.; Berg, B.M.; Donovan, S.M.; Dilger, R.N. Dietary Sialyllactose Influences Sialic Acid Concentrations in the Prefrontal Cortex and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures in Corpus Callosum of Young Pigs. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1297.
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