Conventional Distributed Power Flow Controllers (DPFCs) rely on third-harmonic currents to facilitate active power exchange between the series side and the system, requiring specific Δ/YN and YN/Δ transformer configurations at branch term...
To control multiple series units of distributed power flow controller (DPFC), a hierarchical control method is proposed. This coordination control system consists of a coordination controller and multiple series unit controllers. According to the dem...
To address the issues of uneven transformer loading and underutilized capacity in conventional distribution areas interconnected by bus-tie switches, this paper proposes a flexible mutual-aid control strategy based on the distributed power flow contr...
Aiming at the challenges of design complexity and parameter adjustment difficulties in existing distributed controllers, a novel power flow sensitivity-based distributed cooperative control approach is proposed for voltage regulation and power sharin...
The capacity of traditional distribution networks is limited. After large-scale distributed power sources are connected, it is difficult to consume them at the same voltage level, which can lead to transformer reverse overloading and voltage limit vi...
The application of power electronics equipment in medium voltage (MV) distribution grids can provide new management solutions for power flow control, load balancing and voltage problems. A series MV VSC-based power flow controller has recently been p...
The inherent variability and randomness of large-scale wind power integration have brought great challenges to power flow control and dispatch. The distributed power flow controller (DPFC) has the higher flexibility and capacity in power flow control...
This paper proposes a vector-controlled distributed generator (DG) model for a power flow based on a three-phase current injection method (TCIM). In order to represent the DG models in the power flow, steady-state phase current output equations are f...
Voltage source converter (VSC)-based DC distribution networks (DCDNs) can automatically adjust the control strategy of overloaded VSCs to adapt to the variation in renewable energy power, but it brings difficulties to the steady-state performance ana...
The integration of hybrid renewable energy sources (HRESs) into the grid is currently being encouraged to meet the increasing demand for electric power and reduce fossil fuels which are causing environmental-related problems. Integration of HRESs int...
Distributed generators (DG) using renewable energy sources (RESs) have been attracting special attention within distribution systems. However, a large amount of DG penetration causes voltage deviation and reverse power flow in the smart grid. Therefo...
The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicles (EVs), in distribution systems has been increasing rapidly. At the same time, load demand is rising due to the proliferation of data ce...
This paper describes a control methodology for electronic power converters distributed in low-voltage microgrids and its implementation criteria in general microgrid structures. In addition, a real-time simulation setup is devised, implemented, and d...
This paper presents a power flow control strategy for a hybrid control architecture of the DC microgrid (DCMG) system under an unreliable grid connection considering the constraint of electricity price. To overcome the limitation of the existing sche...
Utility-scale battery storage systems typically consist of multiple smaller units contributing to the overall power dispatch of the system. Herein, the power distribution among these units is analyzed and optimized to operate the system with increase...
This paper presents an advanced energy management system (EMS) for optimizing power distribution in a battery/ultracapacitor (UC) hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed EMS accounts for all energy flow scenarios...
The unprecedented growth of distributed renewable generation is changing the distribution network from passive to active, resulting in issues like reverse power flow, voltage violations, malfunction of protection relays, etc. To ensure the reliable a...
Local voltage controllers (LVCs) are important components of a modern distribution system for regulating the voltage within permissible limits. This manuscript presents a sensitivity-based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distri...
The growing integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power system causes congestion to occur more frequently. In order to reduce congestion in the short term and to make the utilization of the power system more efficient in the long ter...
With consideration of the intermittency of renewable generation and uncertain load, a regional control strategy is presented to smooth the unscheduled power fluctuation in this letter. Then, an affine arithmetic-based modeling method is proposed to d...
The problem regarding the optimal placement and sizing of different FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission systems) in electrical distribution networks is addressed in this research by applying a master–slave optimization approach. Th...
Low-voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution systems have been evolving into interesting ways of integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) and power electronics loads to local distribution networks. In LVDC distribution systems, voltage regul...
The development of AC distribution systems provides for the seamless integration of low-voltage microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs). This poses new challenges for the control of normal, emergency, and post-emergency states of microgri...
The high expansion of a variable and intermittent nature of distributed generation, such as photovoltaics (PV), can cause technical issues in existing distribution networks (DN). In addition to producing electrical energy, PVs are inverter-based sour...
As offline control photovoltaic (PV) plants are not equipped with online communication and remote control systems, they cannot adjust their power in real-time. Therefore, in a distribution network saturated with offline control PVs, the distribution...
This paper is a summary of the development and demonstration of an optimization program, voltage VAR optimization (VVO), in the Korean Smart Distribution Management System (KSDMS). KSDMS was developed to address the lack of receptivity of distributed...
The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) scheme has proven to be an attractive solution in grid-forming converter applications integrated into distributed generation (DG) systems. Thus, this paper presents the dynamic performance of power flow control...
This article deals with the influence of distributed generation (DG) on distribution line losses with respect to voltage profile. The article focuses on the development of a control strategy to minimize the grid losses and assure fairness regarding r...
Electrical power system operators (SOs) are free to realize grid operations according to their own strategies. However, because resulting power flows also depend on the actions of neighboring SOs, appropriate coordination is needed to improve the res...
Ignoring the dynamic output recovery of distributed renewable energy sources (dRESs) during distribution network restoration may lead to low voltage in the initial stage, which can cause dRESs and loads to trip and even prevent the recovery of the en...
Communication delay, as a key factor restricting the rapid and accurate transmission of data in the smart grid, will affect the collaborative operation of power electronic devices represented by the Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC), and furth...
To handle the uncertainties brought by the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and random loads, we design a stochastic multi-timescale distribution network reconfiguration (SMTDNR) framework to coordinate diverse scheduling resources...
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology lets a parked electric vehicle push power back to the network, so a fleet of cars can act as distributed storage. Many studies report large benefits from this, such as peak shaving and better use of renewable energy,...
This study presents an application for a series VSC (voltage source converter) in distribution grids for power flow management. Series devices have been widely studied for FACTS (flexible AC transmission systems), however, more recently these devices...
The rapid proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) generation has transformed conventional distribution systems, resulting in frequent reverse power flow (RPF) and associated overvoltage issues. This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based...
In the literature, many optimization algorithms were developed to control electrical loads, especially Electric Vehicles (EVs) in buildings. Despite the success of the existing algorithms in improving the power profile of charging EVs and reducing th...
In the future, higher penetrations of electrical loads in low-voltage distribution grids are to be expected. To prevent grid overload, a possible solution is coordination of controllable loads. Typical examples might be charging of electric vehicles...
The growing importance of renewable generation connected to distribution grids requires an increased coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs) for reactive power management. This work proposes...
Local area energy networks (E-LANs) are cyber-physical systems whose physical layer is a meshed low-voltage microgrid fed by a multiplicity of sources, i.e., utilities, energy storage systems, and distributed power sources. The cyber layer includes d...
Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are increasingly adopted to mitigate the negative effects caused by the intermittent generation of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The majority of commercial BESSs implement the self-consumption, rule-based approach,...
The sustained growth of electricity demand and the global transition toward low-carbon energy systems have intensified the need for efficient, flexible, and reliable operation of electrical distribution networks. In this context, the coordinated inte...
Increasing power demand from passive distribution networks has led to deteriorated voltage profiles and increased line flows. This has increased the annual operations and installation costs due to unavoidable reinforcement equipment. This work propos...
Renewable portfolio standards are targeting high levels of variable solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric distribution systems, which makes reliability more challenging to maintain for distribution system operators (DSOs). Distributed energy resources...
With the exponential growth of electric vehicle sales worldwide over the past years and progress in technology and actions to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the trend is expected to continue with a significant increase in...
This paper proposes a homotopy-based approach to solve the power flow problem (PFP) in islanded microgrid networks with droop-controlled distributed generation (DG) units. The technique is based on modifying an “easy” problem solution tha...
Renewable Energy Sources are becoming widely spread, as they are sustainable and low-carbon emission. They are mostly penetrating the MV Distribution Networks as Distributed Generators, which has determined the evolution of the networks’ contro...
The global capacity for renewable electricity generation has surged, with distributed photovoltaic generation being the primary driver. The increasing penetration of non-programmable renewable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) presents challenges f...
In this paper, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology is innovatively introduced into the distributor-unified power flow controller (D-UPFC) control to simulate the power generation characteristics of the synchronous generator. Concepts such...
This paper discusses the operation and control of a low-voltage DC (LVDC) isolated distribution network powered by distributed generation (DG) from a variable-speed wind turbine induction generator (WTIG) to supply unbalanced AC loads. The system inc...
To integrate large-scale renewable energy into energy systems, an effective participation from private investors and active customer engagement are essential. Virtual power plants (VPPs) are a very promising approach. To realize this engagement, an e...
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