Quantification of roughness effects on free surface flows is unquestionably necessary when describing water and material transport within ecosystems. The conventional hydrodynamic resistance formula empirically shows that the Darcy–Weisbach fri...
Machine learning is used to develop closure terms for coarse grained model of two-dimensional turbulent flow directly from the coarse grained data by ensuring that the coarse-grained flow evolves in the correct way, with no need for the exact form of...
Canopy closure (CC) is an important parameter in forest ecosystems and has diverse applications in a wide variety of fields. Canopy closure estimation models, using a combination of measured data and remote sensing data, can largely replace tradition...
A new statistical dynamical closure theory for general inhomogeneous turbulent flows and subgrid modeling is presented. This Self-Energy (SE) closure represents all eddy interactions through nonlinear dissipation or forcing ‘self-energy’ terms in the...
Recently, the construction industry has seen an increase in construction program level projects in which a number of projects are carried out simultaneously. These projects thus require more systematic management than traditional management methods d...
A void closure analytic model for the diffusion bonding of titanium TC4 alloy is developed in this study, in which an FEA-based deformation mechanism is coupled with a numerical analysis for diffusion. The focus was to evaluate the effect of pressure...
Developing accurate, efficient, and robust closure models is essential in the construction of reduced order models (ROMs) for realistic nonlinear systems, which generally require drastic ROM mode truncations. We propose a deep residual neural network...
Maximum entropy states or statistical mechanical equilibrium solutions have played an important role in the development of a fundamental understanding of turbulence and its role in geophysical flows. In modern general circulation models of the earth’...
Statistical dynamical closures for inhomogeneous turbulence described by multi‑field equations are derived based on renormalized perturbation theory. Generalizations of the computationally tractable quasi-diagonal direct interaction approximation for...
The consolidation and closure of small schools in rural areas has not only worsened the educational environment but also risked accelerating the socioeconomic decline of rural communities. This study examines how elementary school closures affect edu...
The article discusses the impact of hot forging elongation operations on the closure of metallurgical discontinuities such as middle porosity in selected magnesium alloys (AZ91) depending on the shape of the input used. Numerical modeling was carried...
Canopy closure, which is the ratio of the vertical projection area of the crowns to the area of forest land, can indicate the growth and tending situation of a forest and is of great significance for forest management planning. In this study, a geome...
The low productivity and high cost of additive manufacturing techniques, such as powder bed fusion (PBF), limits its wide application in industry. A combined approach of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and PBF was an effective means to solve this limita...
The planned closure of potash mines achieved through the injection of highly mineralized brines into the worked-out area is a complex process. A critical concern arises when brines obstruct the aerodynamic connections between the flooded mine’s...
River mouths are dynamic systems that can respond rapidly to both fluxes in fluvial water and sediment discharge and marine energy conditions, notably waves. On semi-arid wave-exposed coasts, the morphosedimentary behaviour of river mouths is particu...
The Pebble Project in Alaska is one of the world’s largest undeveloped copper deposits. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) proposes a 20-year open-pit extraction, sulfide flotation, and deposition of separated pyritic tailings and potenti...
The rock or rock mass in engineering often contains joints, fractures, voids, and other defects, which are the root cause of local or overall failure. In response to most of the current constitutive models that fail to simulate the nonlinear fracture...
Substance use behavior among youth is a complex peer-group phenomenon shaped by many factors. Peer influence, easily accessible prescription opioids, and a youth’s socio-cultural environment play recognized roles in the initiation and persisten...
The precise design of heat exchangers in automobile air conditioning systems for more sustainable electric vehicles requires an enhanced assessment of CFD mechanistic models for the subcooled boiling flow of pure eco-friendly refrigerant. Computation...
The UK plans to bring all greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2050. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), an important strategy to reduce global CO2 emissions, is one of the critical objectives of this UK net-zero plan. Among the possible storage sit...
Deterministic and stochastic models of chemical reaction kinetics can give starkly different results when the deterministic model exhibits more than one stable solution. For example, in the stochastic Schlögl model, the bimodal stationary probab...
A randomly generated fuzzy matrix refers to a fuzzy matrix in which the values of elements belong to the sample space of a [0,1]-random variable that follows a certain probability distribution. This paper studies the max–min transitive closure...
The statistical mechanics-based 3-dimensional reference interaction site model with the Kovalenko-Hirata closure (3D-RISM-KH) molecular solvation theory has proven to be an essential part of a multiscale modeling framework, covering a vast region of...
The isothermal compression tests of as-cast Ti6Al4V alloy specimens, with coarse grains obtained from the runner, were conducted at a strain rate range of 0.001–0.1 s−1 and a temperature range of 710–920 °C. The experimental results were used for con...
This study explores the evolution of mine planning, with particular emphasis on the integration of environmental and social factors in alignment with the sustainable development. Traditionally, mine planning emphasized technical and economic variable...
This paper considers the applicability of virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) for calculation of stress intensity factor range for crack propagation in standard metal specimen geometries with sharp through thickness cracks. To determine crack prop...
River meanders form complex 3D flow patterns, including secondary flows and flow separation. In particular, the flow separation traps solutes and delays their transport via storage effects associated with recirculating flows. The simulation of the se...
Turbulence is the most important, ubiquitous, and difficult problem of classical physics. Feynman viewed it as essentially unsolved, without a rigorous mathematical basis to describe the statistical dynamics of this most complex of fluid motion. Howe...
To compare the variability of two random variables, we can use a partial order relation defined on a distribution class, which contains the anti-symmetry. Recently, Nair et al. studied the properties of total time on test (TTT) transforms of order n...
The success or failure of river closure is directly related to the construction period and project benefit. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the river closure by an appropriate method. In this paper, a 1D–2D coupled river closure model...
Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models and workflows are often developed in an ad hoc manner, leading to a limited understanding of interaction effects and model behavior under various conditions. Machine learning (ML) and explainability tools can...
Nonuniform proppant distribution is fairly common in hydraulic fractures, and different closure behaviors of the propped and unpropped fractures have been observed in lots of physical experiments. However, the modeling of partially propped fracture c...
Navarro et al. (2010) proposed the increasing dynamic cumulative past entropy (IDCPE) class of life distributions. In this paper, we investigate some characterizations of this class. Closure and reversed closure properties of the IDCPE class are obta...
The crown closure of Platycladus orientalis forests has a wide-ranging impact on vegetation and soil, thereby affecting the overall functioning of the ecosystem. There is limited research on the effects of the Platycladus orientalis forest crown clos...
Even though applications of direct numerical simulations are on the rise, today the most usual method to solve turbulence problems is still to apply a closure scheme of a defined order. It is not the case that a rising order of a turbulence model is...
In many society and natural science fields, some stochastic orders have been established in the literature to compare the variability of two random variables. For a stochastic order, if an individual (or a unit) has some property, sometimes we need t...
Several small- and medium-sized rivers connecting to the Shichiri-Mihama coast are closed due to debris. The progression of river mouth closures increases the risk of flooding in the watershed, so countermeasures are necessary. In this study, piles w...
Understanding short fatigue-crack propagation behavior is inevitable in the defect-tolerant design of structures. Short cracks propagate differently from long cracks, and the amount of crack closure plays a key role in the propagation behavior of sho...
In accordance with the ideas of V.I. Vernadsky, the Earth’s biosphere can exist only because of the high degree of closure of the cyclic matter transformations carried out by all living organisms by using the energy from the Sun. In the course...
This article explores the foundational mechanisms of the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) theory—closure under coupling, universality, and uniqueness—and their critical role in enabling interoperability through modular, hierarch...
The purpose of this work is to explore the potential of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) as a black-box optimizer for turbulence model identification. For this, we consider a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) closure model of a round turb...
This paper presents a toy model for the representation related phenomena. It is the representation that is always referred to. The represented thing in itself is indeterminate existence at a fundamental level of understanding. In order to capture suc...
Flow boiling within conventional, mini and micro-scale channels is encountered in a wide range of engineering applications such as nuclear reactors, steam engines and cooling of electronic devices. Due to the high complexity and importance of the boi...
We present a class of efficient parametric closure models for 1D stochastic Burgers equations. Casting it as statistical learning of the flow map, we derive the parametric form by representing the unresolved high wavenumber Fourier modes as functiona...
We investigate how homophily in adherence to anti-epidemic measures affects the final size of epidemics in social networks. Using a modified SIR model, we divide agents into two behavioral groups—compliant and non-compliant—and introduce...
The article’s primary focus is on the study of the number of countable non-isomorphic models of linearly ordered theories. The orthogonality of 1-types and their convex closures is employed to analyse a class of theories with a specific type of...
In line with the European Green Deal, Greece plans to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. In this context, the country aims to cease all lignite mines by 2028 and transition away from coal. Effective strategic planning is crucial for mine closure, co...
COVID-19 has threatened human lives. Countries have implemented various interventions such as vaccination, mask-wearing, body temperature screening, and isolation. However, the effectiveness of single and combined interventions has not yet been accur...
CFD simulations of the multiphase flow in technical equipment are feasible within the framework of interpenetrating continua, the so-called two-fluid modelling. Predictions with multiphase CFD are only possible if a fixed set of closures for the inte...
Fatigue is one of the most prevalent mechanisms of failure. Thus, the evaluation of the fatigue crack growth process is fundamental in engineering applications subjected to cyclic loads. The fatigue crack growth rate is usually accessed through the d...
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