This study focused on the thermal modification of Gmelina arborea Roxb. wood following processes using the open reactor and low-pressure closed reactor systems. The aim is to determine the optimum treatment conditions suitable for gmelina wood due to...
The anaerobic digestion of swine manure was performed for more than 2 years in a biogas pilot plant with cereal residues as a mono-input, either by a simple intermittent substrate feeding or by feeding with an automated “autopilot” system...
Sorption thermochemical storage systems can store thermal energy for the long-term with minimum amount of losses. Their flexibility in working with sustainable energy sources further increases their importance vis-à-vis high levels of pollution from...
The aim of this study is to perform a review of the state-of-the-art of the reactors available in the literature, which are used for solid–gas reactions or thermal decomposition processes around 1000 °C that could be further implemented for...
Nonlinear power-level control of nuclear reactors can guarantee wide-range closed-loop stability that is positive for plant load-following capability. Nuclear reactor power dynamics are the tight interconnection of both neutron kinetics and thermal h...
This study demonstrated that a laboratory-scale recirculation closed-loop reactor can be an efficient technique for the determination of the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of PhotoCatalytic Oxidation (PCO) air purification devices. The recirculation...
The economic assessment of advanced nuclear power reactors is very important, specifically during the early stages of concept design. Therefore, a study was performed to calculate the total cost estimation of fuel cycle supply for a system modular ad...
This manuscript addresses a novel output model predictive controller design for a representative model of continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and axial dispersion reactor with recycle. The underlying model takes the form of ODE-PDE in series and i...
To support NASA’s mission to use nuclear thermal rockets for future Mars missions, an instrumentation and control test bed has been built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The system is designed as a hardware-in-the-loop test bed for testing co...
Motivated by the growth of global energy demand and the goal of carbon neutrality, lead-cooled fast reactors, which are core reactor types of fourth-generation nuclear energy systems, have become a global research hotspot due to their advantages of h...
The current generation of nuclear reactors are evolutionary in design, mostly based on the technology originally designed to power submarines, and dominated by light water reactors. The aims of the Generation IV consortium are driven by sustainabilit...
The paper considers a way to bring nuclear power into the category of “green” energy technologies; thus advertising its critical role in achieving the sustainable development goals adopted by the UN in 2015, and presents an option of nucl...
A promising heat storage technique is based on thermochemical materials (TCM). Such materials are often used in closed systems under vacuum conditions, which is demonstrated in several projects in the European H2020 R&D programs. In this type of...
The performances of a laboratory PhotoCatalytic Oxidation (PCO) device were determined using a recirculation closed-loop pilot reactor. The closed-loop system was modeled by associating equations related to two ideal reactors: a perfectly mixed reser...
Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a novel dual-fluidized bed gasification technology that allows for the production of high-calorific syngas from various solid feedstocks (e.g., biomass). Solid circulation between the two coupled fluidized bed r...
The aim of this study was to produce epoxidized monoalkyl esters (EMAE), a valuable class of oleochemicals used in a wide range of products and industries, from used soybean cooking oil (USCO) and fusel oil via a three-step chemoenzymatic process. Th...
The extensively evaluated and consistent thermodynamic database, the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database—Thermochemical (MSTDB-TC), was used along with additional thermodynamic values from other sources as examples of ways to examine molten...
The study of two-stage partial nitrification–anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PN/A) reactors, which are advantageous in engineering applications, still lacks research on process kinetics. Therefore, in this study, the start-up performance and proc...
Molten salt reactors have gained substantial interest in recent years due to their flexibility and their potential for simplified closed fuel cycle operation for massive net-zero energy production. However, a zero-power reactor experiment will be an...
It is of interest to study not only the fundamental behavior of catalysts and reactors but also to ensure that they can be scaled up in size. This paper investigates the scale-up of a glycerol-to-propane process starting from fundamental laboratory d...
Molten salt reactors have gained substantial interest in the last years due to their flexibility and their potential for simplified closed fuel cycle operation for massive expansion in low-carbon electricity production, which will be required for a f...
A numerical model was developed to simulate a fluidized bed reactor for isobutane dehydrogenation. First, we constructed a hydrodynamic model of catalyst particle fluidization and a kinetic model for three chemical reactions in a simple lab-scale rea...
Breed and Burn (B&B) fuel cycle in molten salt reactors (MSRs) qualifies this reactor type as one of the best candidates to be developed for the Gen-IV R&D program. This feature can be approached by employing a closed fuel cycle and applicati...
Overspeed is more likely to occur in the process of load rejection or large disturbances for nuclear steam turbines due to the large parameter range and low steam parameters, as well as the power of the low-pressure cylinder accounting for a high pro...
The energy trilemma forms the key driver for the future of energy research. In nuclear technologies, molten salt reactors are an upcoming option which offers new approaches. However, the key would be closed fuel cycle operation which requires suffici...
The two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) technology attracts increasing attention due to its ability to collect both hydrogen and methane. A two-stage AD system feeding with food waste and waste activated sludge was investigated in order to achieve hig...
A theoretical study of the dynamic closed-loop behaviour of a reactor/feed-effluent heat exchanger (FEHE)/furnace system for the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is presented. A 1D pseudohomogeneous plug-flow model is propose...
The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a tokamak device to validate and demonstrate fusion engineering technology. In CFETR, the breeding blanket is a vital important component that is closely related to the performance and safety of th...
Helium-xenon (HeXe)-cooled mobile nuclear reactors have promising potential in future low-carbon energy systems. However, there is currently a lack of fast and reliable tools for analyzing the complicated dynamic characteristics of such systems. In t...
This study reports on the design, construction, and operation of a laboratory-scale biomass gasification reactor, together with the procedures used to define and evaluate key operational and performance variables, including piston velocity, nominal b...
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are becoming one of the key trends in the development of nuclear technology, offering a flexible, safe and cost-effective alternative to large nuclear power plants. This review defines the “driving force” of...
Hydrogen from biogenic sources is central to the transition to a carbon-neutral energy system, offering flexibility for mobility and industrial applications. Decentralized steam reforming of biogas enables on-site hydrogen production but requires pre...
This paper reports the development of ZnO NRs/rGO-based photocatalysts integrated into a tree-branched polymer-based microfluidic reactor for efficient photodegradation of water contaminants. The reactor system includes a photocatalytic reactor, tree...
1 November 2026
Plastic pyrolysis performance depends not only on nominal reactor temperature but also on the actual temperature field established within the reacting bed and vapor phase. This study investigates how the heating-system configuration of a laboratory f...
Ensuring economic supplies of secure, affordable and clean energy is a global sustainability challenge. Previous studies have shown that, on balance, nuclear energy, based on today’s dominant light water reactors with the once-through use of nu...
Austenitic stainless steels are selected as candidate materials for in-core and out-of-core components of Generation-IV fast reactors due to their excellent operating experience in light-water reactors over several decades. However, the performance o...
At present, the operation control modes of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants in service mainly include Mode-A, Mode-G, and MSHIM. Mode-A is mainly applicable to base load operation and cannot realize load tracking. In the process o...
Slender packed beds are widely used in the chemical and process industry for heterogeneous catalytic reactions in tube-bundle reactors. Under safety and reaction engineering aspects, good radial heat transfer is of outstanding importance. However, be...
In this paper, different Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategies for operating with a low-switching frequency, a topology that combines Conventional Matrix Converters (CMCs), and Coupled Reactors (CRs) are presented and discussed. The principles of t...
A circular (close-loop) biorefinery, which integrates wastewater treatment with the generation of an energy precursor and organic fertilizer, tested at the level of a pilot plant treating 54,000 L per day (LPD) of sewage, is described. In the biorefi...
In this work, a reliable kinetic reaction mechanism was revised to accurately reproduce the detailed reaction paths of steam reforming of methane over a Ni/Al
The inspection of nuclear power plants is an essential process that occurs during plant outages. During this process, various systems are inspected, including the reactor’s fuel channels to ensure that they are safe and reliable for the plant&r...
The LiF–BeF2 system is used as a heat transfer medium in molten salt reactors (MSRs). The thermal diffusivity of Li2BeF4 was studied using the laser flash analysis (LFA) method in solid and transition states. While the thermal diffusivity is sh...
The unique design features of the molten salt fast reactor (MSFR) should enable higher coolant temperatures than in conventional water reactors, with a significant improvement in the achievable thermodynamic performance. The use of a molten salt as b...
Fixed-bed reactors are pivotal in chemical industries, where catalyst loading critically determines reactor performance and economy. This critical review delineates and analyzes a three-stage evolution of loading technology: from empirical manual met...
Small modular reactors (SMRs) could be beneficial in providing electricity power safely and also be viable for applications such as seawater desalination and heat production. Due to its inherent safety features, the modular high temperature gas-coole...
The Anammox anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (Anammox AFB-MFC) exhibits exceptional performance in both nitrogen removal and electricity generation, effectively eliminating ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N) poll...
This study presents the design of a model-free control scheme for the load-following operation of a Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR), which is a 70th-order Multi-Input Multi-Output, strongly coupled and open-loop unstable energy-generating syst...
The primary objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of a novel solution under conditions closely resembling those of real-world scenarios. Biological beds, or filters, hold significant potential for widespread implementation in individu...
The effect of recirculation in increasing organic loading rate (OLR) and decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a semi-continuous two-stage anaerobic digestion system using stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) w...
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