1,736 Results Found

Background: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 leucine/methionine (ND2-237 Leu/Met) polymorphism has been shown to modify the association of coffee consumption with the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnorma...

Global warming will increase the rate of chloride ingress and the rate of steel corrosion of concrete structures. Furthermore, in coastal (atmospheric marine) zones, sea level rise will reduce the distance of concrete structures from the coast and in...

Due to anthropogenic activities, heavy metals still represent a threat for various trophic levels. If aquatic animals are exposed to heavy metals, we can obviously observe considerable toxicity. It is well known that organisms treated with heavy meta...

Heart failure (HF) remains a prevalent, high-risk condition particularly common among the elderly population. The impairment of systolic function, secondary dysregulation of maladaptive neurohormonal systems and HF therapies lead to electrolyte distu...

Chloride plays a considerable role in physiology. This study aimed to assess the association between serum chloride and prognosis in the population of adults with acute medical conditions. A prospective cohort study was conducted in an acute medical...

The existence of axial and lateral compressive stress affect the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete will lead to the performance degradation of concrete structure. This paper experimentally studied the chloride diffusivity properties of uniaxial...

In many offshore structures, structural components are often subjected to compressive forces and seawater corrosion. Therefore, understanding their resistance to chloride ion-induced corrosion under compression is crucial. This study investigates the...

Concrete structures under cyclic exposure to chlorides entail a higher risk of embedded steel corrosion along with accelerated ionic ingress from the environment. This study proposes a coupled transport model considering moisture and chloride distrib...

GABA depolarizes and often excites immature neurons in all animal species and brain structures investigated due to a developmentally regulated reduction in intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) levels. The control of [Cl−]i levels...

Previous studies reported that repetitive hypoxia in rat pups reduces insulin secretion and elevates fasting blood glucose levels; these sequelae persisted for several months. This report describes how episodic hypoxic events elevate a chloride ion e...

The influence of different levels of sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, and glucose on the quality characteristics of spontaneously fermented goat meat sausage was investigated. The amounts of total biogenic amines in all the sausages ranged from 324.7...

With the annual increase in the sludge production in China’s sewage treatment plants, the problem of sewage sludge treatment and disposal is becoming more and more serious. Anaerobic fermentation can convert complex organic matter in sewage slu...

Choline, betaine, and L-carnitine are transformed into trimethylamine (TMA) by gut microbiota, absorbed into the liver, and oxidized into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) by flavin-containing monooxygenases. Elevated TMAO levels may negatively affect hu...

The objective of this study was to assess the ideal dietary Na or Cl level for chickens from 22 to 42 d of age, utilizing a corn–soybean meal diet that maintains a 1:1 ratio of Na to Cl. At 22 d of age, a total of 288 male broilers of Arbor Acr...

In this study, we evaluated the acute (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and chronic (21 days) adverse effects induced by low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) exposure in adult zebrafish by using behavioral endpoints like three-dimensio...

The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbit...

Salinity is a major constraint in improving agricultural productivity due to its adverse impact on various physiological and biochemical attributes of plants, and its effect on reducing nitrogen (N) use efficiency due to ion toxicity. To understand t...

This study aimed to assess the one-year mortality risk based on discharge serum chloride among the hospital survivors. We analyzed a cohort of adult hospital survivors at a tertiary referral hospital from 2011 through 2013. We categorized discharge s...

Palm sugar-like flavouring (PSLF) is a type of flavour product that is formed by heating amino acids and sugar under specific heating conditions. Unfortunately, PSLF has a salty taste and contains high amounts of acrylamide. Hence, the objective of t...

Sodium chloride (NaCl) was essential for making mianpi, a traditional Chinese wheat starch gel food. The production process included wheat flour/starch slurry preparation, steaming, cooling, and cutting. This study investigated how NaCl affected both...

A fiber-optic sensor system using a multiplexed array of sensing probes based on an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl solution) and an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) for simultaneous measurement of temperature and water level is pr...

Among the many radiochemical problems, the search for new materials and technologies for the immobilization of radioactive waste remains relevant, and the range continues to change and expand. The possibility of immobilizing the spent chloride electr...

This paper reports on the bond behavior of glass fine aggregate reinforced concrete (GFARC) under chloride erosion, considering the chloride solution and glass fine aggregate (GFA) exchange rates as variable parameters. The 16 groups of specimens are...

Cultures of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis are frequently affected by accumulation of the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin domoic acid (DA). This species is characterized by a fast uptake and release of the toxin. In this work, the main charac...

Levelers are indispensable additives for achieving void-free, bottom-up superconformal copper filling of microvias. Establishing the molecular-level correlation between leveler structure and performance is therefore essential to the continued advance...

Vinyl chloride (VC) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and inhalation is considered to be an important route of occupational exposure. In addition, increasing numbers of studies have ob...

Due to the changing climate, frequent episodes of drought have threatened cotton lint yield by offsetting their physiological and biochemical functioning. An efficient use of irrigation water can help to produce more crops per drop in cotton producti...

In 2022, a working party (fib TG 8.9.3) was formed to try and better develop critical chloride (Ccrit) distributions for use in modelling new structures and assessing existing structures. The authors of this paper are leading TG 8.9.3. and are in the...

Background: Exceeding the recommended Alkyl (C12-22) trimethyl ammonium bromide and chloride levels in cosmetics and personal care products is a serious health threat. Objectives: To quantify and investigate Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium ch...

Lysosomes are responsible for protein degradation and clearance in cellular recycling centers. It has been known that the lysosomal chloride level is enriched and involved in the intrinsic lysosomal function. However, the mechanism by which chloride...

The research reported herein studied the permeability of concrete containing recycled-concrete aggregate (RA), superfine phosphorous slag (PHS), and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) with and without stress. Test results showed that the chl...

Concrete structure performance continuously deteriorates during operation, and the performance is simultaneously affected by chloride corrosion and repeated traffic loading. Repeated-loading-induced cracks have an impact on the rate of chloride corro...

Stormwater runoff containing road deicing salts has led to the increasing salinization of surface waters in northern climates, and urban municipalities are increasingly being mandated to manage stormwater runoff to improve water quality. We assessed...

Steel bar corrosion caused by chloride is the major reason for concrete structure durability failures in a corrosive environment. An accurate simulation of chloride ion diffusion in concrete is hence critical to durability design, maintenance, and re...

Background: Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions leads to pathological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study aimed to investigate the possible association between routine CSF findings, especially CS...

Cement-based materials are usually not exposed to an independent deterioration process but are exposed to a combination of mechanical load and environmental effects. This paper reports the frost resistance durability of strain-hardening cement-based...

Background: We aimed to describe the incidence of hospital-acquired dyschloremia and its association with in-hospital mortality in general hospitalized patients. Methods: All hospitalized patients from 2009 to 2013 who had normal admission serum chlo...

The correlation of ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and acetyl CoA levels with trichothecene production in Fusarium graminearum was investigated using an inhibitor (precocene II) and an enhancer (cobalt chloride) of trichothecene production by changing carbon...

Existing studies on chloride ion transport in concrete under compressive load had rarely incorporated the influence of the dry–wet time ratio, even though this ratio was a key factor affecting chloride penetration in coastal concrete structures...

The dynamic surface tension (DST) data and biochemical parameters (BCP) of animal blood have been obtained. A strong positive correlation was found for goats between σ1, σ2, σ3 (DST) and sodium levels (BCP), λz (DST)—with the levels of lipid and sodi...

Background/Objectives: Electrolyte disturbances are common in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly affecting sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium levels. This study aims to provide insights into these disturbances within the f...

In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis o...

Wave power marine concrete structures generate electrical energy using waves. They are exposed to a multi-deterioration environment because of air and hydrostatic pressure and chloride attack. In this study, the effect of air pressure repeatedly gene...

Background: High-chloride solutions such as 0.9% saline are widely used for medication dilution in intensive care units (ICUs) and are an underrecognized source of hyperchloremia and acid–base disturbances. Excess chloride reduces the strong io...

Background and aims: In the past few years, some reports have shown that serum chloride concentration is a more powerful prognostic predictor than serum sodium levels in heart failure (HF). Elevated Na/Cl ratio has shown to be independently associate...

For enhanced engine performance, corrosivity of the engine coolants would play a significant role. In this work, corrosion investigation was performed on cast iron material in pre-mixed engine coolant environment to understand the threshold limits of...

Reinforced concrete is the most widely used material in the construction of building structures, being noted for its versatility and low cost. However, the durability of reinforced concrete structures can be compromised by the corrosion of steel re-b...

Benzotriazole (BTA) is an important compound that demonstrates the strongest anticorrosion properties of copper and plays a role as a leveler and an additive to the electroplating bath for control of the roughness and corrosion resistance of the elec...

This paper investigates the effect of high ambient temperatures on the chloride threshold value for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Two commonly available carbon steel rebars were investigated under four different exposure temperatures (20 °...

Ceramides have been implicated in a number of disease processes. However, current means of evaluation with flow infusion analysis (FIA) have been limited primarily due to poor sensitivity within our high-resolution mass spectrometry lipidomics analyt...