The importance of individuals and groups in networks is modeled by various centrality measures. Additionally, Freeman’s centralization is a way to normalize any given centrality or group centrality measure, which enables us to compare individua...
From the perspective of environmental federalism, we extracted the environmental intention words from the work reports of China’s central and provincial governments through data mining, and used the instrumental variable method to conduct empir...
Policymakers in Chile have focused on educational leadership since the mid-2000s, recognizing its importance for successful school reforms. This article reviews key structural reforms that promote school autonomy while simultaneously regulating publi...
With the institutionalization of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+), the global REDD+...
Background: Pediatric liver surgery is complex, and complications are not uncommon. Centralization of highly specialized surgery has been shown to improve quality of care. In 2012, pediatric liver surgery was centralized in Switzerland in one nationa...
This study offers a new framework for examining central–local government relations by distinguishing between two concepts that are usually combined: local autonomy and municipal activism. We define local or municipal autonomy as the legally def...
This paper investigates the impact of temperature on the rheological behavior of cement slurry and drilling fluid and examines how various factors, such as displacement speed, casing centralization, and density difference, influence displacement effi...
This article concerns the efficiency of the distribution system with different strategies—“Pull” or “Push”—and different sizes of distribution network in terms of when products produced by the manufacturing plant a...
In this paper, an approach is proposed for the simultaneous manipulation of multiple hexagonal and square plastic–glass type microparts that are positioned randomly on a smart platform (SP) using electrostatic forces applied by the suitable act...
(1) Background: Patients treated with the two previous generations of ulnarization developed a bump related to the ulnar head becoming prominent on the radial side of the hand. To finally remedy this problem, a third generation of ulnarization was de...
We present the first general formulas for the central and non-central moments of the multinomial distribution, using a combinatorial argument and the factorial moments previously obtained in Mosimann (1962). We use the formulas to give explicit expre...
Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain in adults and is caused by muscle imbalance around the shoulder joint, which is referred to as secondary SIS. Centralization of the glenohumeral joint (CGH), one...
This paper is a survey of results on centrally essential rings and semirings. A ring (respectively, semiring) is said to be centrally essential if it is either commutative or satisfies the property that for any non-central element a, there exist non-...
In this paper, we introduce central complete and incomplete Bell polynomials which can be viewed as generalizations of central Bell polynomials and central factorial numbers of the second kind, and also as ’central’ analogues for complete...
In this paper, we provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for a Lie centralizer to be proper and a Jordan centralizer to be a centralizer on graded rings. Since every Lie centralizer naturally induces an anti-symmetric mapping and every Jorda...
Central sensitization cannot be directly demonstrated in humans and thus a gold standard is missing. Therefore, we used human assumed central sensitization (HACS) when associated with humans. The central sensitization inventory (CSI) is a screening q...
In this paper, we introduce the extended degenerate r-central factorial numbers of the second kind and the extended degenerate r-central Bell polynomials. They are extended versions of the degenerate central factorial numbers of the second kind and t...
Industrial centralization is an important policy choice in the industrial economy era. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the overall performance and the influential effects of the industrial centralization strategy in the suburbs of Shanghai....
Networks are useful to describe the structure of many complex systems. Often, understanding these systems implies the analysis of multiple interconnected networks simultaneously, since the system may be modelled by more than one type of interaction....
Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common focal nerve injury. People with CTS may show alterations in central processing of nociceptive information. It remains unclear whether the central sensitization inventory (CSI) is capable of d...
Suggested only a few years ago, green central banking has received a new impetus with the central bank interventions implemented in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several central banks, with the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of England...
The importance of a place can be assessed via an analysis of its centrality. However, although central place research has a long history, there is no generally accepted theoretical base, leading to continuous debates about the core elements of centra...
Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by an idiopathic neurosensory detachment of the retina. This narrative review aims to discuss the classification system used for central serous chorioretinopathy. Based on our current knowledge, there...
The processes of isotope fractionation in the hydrological cycle naturally occur during vapor formation, vapor condensation, and moisture transportation. These processes are therefore dependent on local and regional surface and atmospheric physical f...
Central Asia has one of the deepest and richest histories of any region on the planet. First settled some 6500 years ago by oasis-based farming communities, the deserts, steppe and mountains of Central Asia were subsequently home to many pastoral nom...
Here we would like to introduce the extended r-central incomplete and complete Bell polynomials, as multivariate versions of the recently studied extended r-central factorial numbers of the second kind and the extended r-central Bell polynomials, and...
The participation of central banks in the fight against climate change has recently been advanced in several academic articles and policy papers. Since the emerging consensus is that climate change poses financial risks, the envisaged green central b...
This study investigates how centralized governance structures undermine the achievement of sustainable development by systematically eliminating local grassroot territorial development vectors and initiatives. It examines how centralization reduces t...
In this paper, we present a new method to measure the nodes’ centrality in a multilayer network. The multilayer network represents nodes with different relations between them. The nodes have an initial relevance or importance value. Then, the n...
We propose a new centrality measure based on a self-adaptive epidemic model characterized by an endogenous reinforcement mechanism in the transmission of information between nodes. We provide a strategy to assign to nodes a centrality score that depe...
When applying traditional criteria of Roman urbanism, several settlements in the province of Moesia are not recognised as parts of the urban network. To avoid this, previous criteria of urbanism should be revised. This paper suggests revisions, which...
Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is the most prevalent tick-transmitted pathogen of livestock globally. In many parts of the world, Anaplasma centrale, a related organism, is used as a live blood-borne vaccine as it causes either n...
Background: A centrally limited radiological pattern, marked by mucosal thickening in the central sinonasal cavity with relatively unaffected surrounding sinuses, has been linked to allergy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, a comparison betwe...
The centrality of religiosity scale (CRS) is a measure of the importance of religious constructs in personality. The Polish CRS has been applied in more than 40 published studies on the psychology of religion, with over 18,000 total participants. How...
Measuring centrality has recently attracted increasing attention, with algorithms ranging from those that simply calculate the number of immediate neighbors and the shortest paths to those that are complicated iterative refinement processes and objec...
14 March 2023
It is of great significance to study the interactive relationship between urban transportation and land use for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of cities. Taking Jinan, China, as an example, this study explored the interactive relat...
Developing a tailor-made centrality measure for a given task requires domain- and network-analysis expertise, as well as time and effort. Thus, automatically learning arbitrary centrality measures for providing ground-truth node scores is an importan...
Central bank communication has changed over the years, following the trend of digitalization. It has been used as a tool for the implementation of monetary policies since the 1990s, when central banks started publishing their inflation reports, outlo...
Objective: Central neurocytomas (CNs), classified as CNS (central nervous system) grade 2 tumors, are exceptionally rare tumors, accounting for approximately 0.1–0.5% of all intracranial neoplasms, and are typically characterized by a benign cl...
Bullous central serous chorioretinopathy (bCSCR) is a rare variant of the central serous chorioretinopathy, complicated by an exudative retinal detachment with shifting fluid. This systematic review aims to present the epidemiology, the pathogenesis,...
Centrality is one of the most studied concepts in network analysis. Despite an abundance of methods for measuring centrality in social networks has been proposed, each approach exclusively characterizes limited parts of what it implies for an actor t...
Although the prevalence of cancer pain is 47% after treatment, cancer pain is often underestimated, and many patients are undertreated. The complexity of cancer pain contributes to the lack of its management. Recently, as the mechanism of cancer pain...
3 March 2023
Background: Myopia is one of the most common eye disorders involving abnormal focusing of light rays. The studies recognize the association between the stomatognathic and visual systems. This compound may have a neurological basis associated with dis...
Since the constructions of p-adic q-integrals, these integrals as well as particular cases have been used not only as integral representations of many special functions, polynomials, and numbers, but they also allow for deep examinations of many fami...
In this paper, we develop three different methods for computing the expected logarithm of central quadratic forms: a series method, an integral method and a fast (but inexact) set of methods. The approach used for deriving the integral method is nove...
The increase in discovered close binary central stars of planetary nebulae is leading to a sufficiently large sample to begin to make broader conclusions about the effect of close binary stars on common envelope evolution and planetary nebula formati...
In the area of network analysis, centrality metrics play an important role in defining the “most important” actors in a social network. However, nowadays, most types of networks are dynamic, meaning their topology changes over time. The connection we...
The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) measurement properties in patients having nonspecific, noncancer pain are well-established. However, studies examining the reliability and validity of either the CSI or the Central Sensitization Inventory sho...
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is widely used to treat muscle spasticity by acting on motor neurons. Recently, studies of the effects of BTX on sensory nerves have been reported and several studies have been conducted to evaluate its effects on peripheral and...
Betweenness centrality evaluates the importance of nodes and edges in networks and is one of the most pivotal indices in complex network analysis; for example, it is widely used in centrality ordering, failure cascading modeling, and path planning. E...
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