To address the issue of uneven load and premature failure in ball–column composite bearings caused by ring deformation, this study develops a mechanical analysis model, considering ring deformation based on flexible ring theory and rolling bear...
In aerospace technology, angular contact ball bearings are required to exhibit extremely high operational precision, necessitating real-time monitoring of their wear status to conduct pre-failure analysis. Although extensive studies have been conduct...
This paper presents a solution for the detection and control of coal loads that is more accurate and convenient than those currently used. To date, no research has addressed the use of a grinding medium as the controlled parameter. To improve the acc...
When subjected to extreme loads and ultra-low cycling conditions, the primary mode of failure in a ball screw is that excessive plastic contact deformation of the raceway surface exceeds acceptable limits. Consequently, traditional fatigue life theor...
The dual-drive ball screw pair serves as a crucial element within the fixed gantry machine tool with cross-rail movement. When in service, the dual-drive ball screw pair experiences variations in axial load, impacting the contact load distribution of...
As a kind of common phenomenon in practical engineering, misalignment error considerably changes the working performance of bearing. However, it has rarely attracted attention in the study of duplex angular contact ball bearings (DACBBs). To evaluate...
The traditional analysis of dynamic characteristics inside a ball bearing mainly focuses on the kinematic trajectory in the steady condition, while various working conditions are often neglected in investigations. A general approach for dynamic model...
Against the backdrop of intelligent manufacturing, the ball mill, as a key energy-consuming piece of equipment, requires an accurate perception of its load state, which is crucial for optimizing production efficiency and ensuring operational safety....
Conventional Four-Ball extreme-pressure (EP) testing determines lubricant transitions through short tests at discrete force levels, combined with post-test wear scar evaluation. This study presents a continuous ramp load procedure in which the contac...
The search for low-emission fuels has increased interest in hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) as a renewable diesel substitute. This study examines the lubricity of HVO, diesel, and their blends using a four-ball tester, with scuffing load as the main...
Solder joints of ball grid arrays (BGA) have been widely used to connect electronic components to printed circuit boards (PCBs) and are often subjected to mechanical stress. Several studies have been conducted on the mechanical reliability of solder...
As the critical performance index of ball screws, the contact characteristics have a significant influence on the lubricant properties, tribological properties, and wear properties of ball screws, which further directly affect the service life of bal...
The classic four-ball test was developed in the 1930s and has remained unchanged to this day. This versatile and widely used methodology would benefit from further development with modern tools and techniques. The classic four-ball test is traditiona...
To study the vibration characteristics of deep-groove ball bearing, considering the influence of sliding, the dynamic model of the DGB 6205 system is established in this paper. The DGB 6205 system model includes the movement of the bearing inner ring...
A ball mill is a type of complex grinding device. Having knowledge of its charge-load behavior is key to determining the operating conditions that provide the optimum mill throughput. An elaborate description of the charge movement inside the ball mi...
Ball mills are energy-intensive units whose performance depends strongly on internal charge dynamics, which are difficult to observe directly. This mini-review analyzes the six studies on instrumented balls identified in our literature search, which...
This paper takes a four-point contact ball bearing of a wind turbine as the research object, analyzes the force and deformation relationship under the combined action of axial load and radial load, obtains the load distribution of rolling elements, a...
Turbochargers operate under highly transient conditions, which impose significant mechanical and thermal loads on their rotating components. When supported by ball bearings combined with squeeze film dampers, the rotor system exhibits complex nonline...
The extreme pressure (EP) behavior of grease is related to its additives that can prevent seizure. However, in this study following ASTM D2596 four-ball test method, the EP behavior of greases was modified without any changes to its additive package....
Due to the special structure of double-half inner rings, four-point contact ball bearings are prone to uneven forces in the inner raceway during movement, which affects the dynamic performance of the rolling element and cage, and even leads to cage s...
To investigate four-point contact ball slewing bearings, a bearing support bolt-integrated model was created with HyperMesh and ANSYS software, and its accuracy was theoretically confirmed. This study examines how the rolling element number Z, contac...
The ball screw mechanism (BSM) is extensively employed in mechanical systems to convert rotational motion into linear motion. Most of the existing studies primarily concentrate on developing time-invariant calculation methods for the BSM, leading to...
Premature failure of a deep-groove ball bearing used in an aeroengine governor took place during service. In this paper, the failure mode and root cause of the bearing were studied by macroscopic and microscopic examination, metallographic analysis,...
The liner is a wear-prone component in ball mills, subject to continuous impacts, squeezing, and abrasion from the grinding media during operation. Its service performance directly affects the working efficiency of the ball mill. The service life of...
This paper addresses the vibration characteristics of angular contact ball bearings in aircraft engines under variable load conditions. Based on multibody dynamics theory, a dynamic model of the bearing was established. Vibration data under actual op...
The purpose of this paper is investigating the characteristics of dynamic contact and dynamic stiffness of the single nut ball screw pair (SNBSP). Then a new sensorless method is proposed to extract the SNBSP dynamic contact stiffness of a mass produ...
Copper slag is a hard material produced from smelting copper-bearing ores. Over the years, research has prioritized utilizing slag as a secondary source of base metals. This paper focuses on the grinding/milling of copper slag collected from the BCL...
Pace bowlers must often perform extended bowling spells with maximal ball release speed (BRS) while targeting different delivery lengths when playing a multi-day match. This study investigated the effect of an eight over spell upon pace bowling biome...
Bearing stiffness, as one of the most important service characteristics for ball bearing, plays a crucial role in the bearing design and rotor dynamic analysis. To rapidly and accurately calculate the stiffness matrix of ball bearing under the arbitr...
This study investigates the interplay between infill structure and surface texture in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)-printed polymer specimens and their combined influence on tribological and mechanical performance. Unlike previous works that focus...
This study examines the impact of various abrasive balls and sliding loads on WC-12Co coatings. For this purpose, 4 N, 8 N, and 12 N loads were applied to the WC-12Co composite coatings with Al2O3 and Si3N4 balls. WC-12 Co composite was deposited by...
Accurately identifying the load status of a ball mill is critical for optimizing grinding efficiency and ensuring operational stability. However, the one-dimensional vibration signals collected from ball mills exhibit strong non-stationarity and a hi...
The impact behavior between the charge and lifter has significant effect to address the mill processing, and is affected by various factors including mill speed, mill filling, lifter height and media shape. To investigate the multi-body impact load b...
This paper studies the lubrication characteristics of ball bearings for cryogenic turbopumps. First, the frictional coefficients between 440C and a Ag coating, 440C and solid PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), and 440C and a PTFE coating in LN2 (liquid...
In a ball screw feed system of high-speed/high-acceleration machine tools, large frictional and inertial forces may change the real contact state of the kinematic joints, resulting in changes in the contact and transmission stiffnesses and, hence, ch...
Ball-end copy-milling is widely used for finishing complex components, yet its influence on surface integrity is generally overlooked and remains insufficiently addressed. Milling often generates tensile residual stresses at the machined surface, whi...
To overcome the difficulty of accurately determining the load state of a wet ball mill during the grinding process, a method of mill load identification based on improved empirical wavelet transform (EWT), multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE), and adaptive...
A comprehensive and systematic study was conducted to address a series of key technical challenges encountered in the grinding process at a copper mine. These issues included the complex mechanical properties of the feed ore, which led to low grindin...
Antibiotic contaminants such as tetracycline (TC) from agricultural production have become widely distributed and persistently accumulated in aquatic environments (rivers, lakes, and oceans), posing severe threats to ecological security and human hea...
This study aimed to understand how the design of decision-making tasks affects youth football players’ ball control, passing performance, and external load. A total of 16 male youth football players (age: 12.94 ± 0.25 years) competed in...
Angular contact ball bearings are common basic components in rotating machinery. During the operation of the bearing, the rolling slips, resulting in contact sliding friction between it and the raceway, which in turn causes wear in the rolling elemen...
Robots with openness and flexibility have attracted a large number of researchers to conduct in-depth studies in the field of surface machining. However, there is a redundant degree of freedom (DOF) in 6-DOF robot machining: when a ball end milling c...
We examined recorded reproductive traits and paired temperature differences for 200 Platanus × acerifolia street trees at 50 Shanghai sites. The site-level urbanization index defined 17 low-, 16 medium- and 17 high-urbanization sites. Fruit-bal...
A citric acid cross-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer was synthesized and loaded on micro-ceramic balls to fabricate the solid-phase adsorbents (P-MCB) for adsorption and extraction of triazole pesticides from water. The stability of &be...
Bolted ball-cylinder (BBC) joints are suitable for non-purlin space structures to effectively reduce structure height and save material costs. In this paper, we present a numerical and theoretical study for high-strength steel BBC joints at elevated...
Herein we report for the first time fabrication of reverse bumpy ball (RBB)-type-nanoreactor-based flexible peroxidase-mimic membrane reactors (MRs). The RBB-type nanoreactors with gold nanoparticles embedded in the inner walls of carbon shells were...
The friction coefficient is one of the key parameters in the tribological performance of mechanical systems. In the condition of light normal load and low rotation speed, the friction coefficients of ball-on-disc with rough surface in dry sliding con...
This paper presents insights into the influence of ball size on the flight characteristics and damage of a ball bearing embedded in a rear detonated cylindrical charge. It includes results from a post-test damage analysis of ball bearings from previo...
Training drills are fundamental to the development of athletes across various sports disciplines, including basketball. This review examines the multifaceted factors influencing both the external and internal workload of drills during training sessio...
Basketball is an intermittent sport with high neuromuscular and metabolic demands. To optimize specificity, training tasks should replicate competitive loads, but little is known about how drills compare to official matches. This study compared the p...
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