Information technology (IT) security risk analysis preventatively helps organizations in identifying their vulnerable systems or internal controls. Some researchers propose expert systems (ES) as the solution for risk analysis automation since risk a...
Safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPSs), such as high-tech cars having cyber capabilities, are highly interconnected. Automotive manufacturers are concerned about cyber attacks on vehicles that can lead to catastrophic consequences. There is a...
The automotive domain is moving away from simple isolated vehicles to interconnected networks of heterogeneous systems forming a complex transportation infrastructure. The additional means of communication result in increased attack surfaces which ca...
A software-defined network (SDN) is a new architecture approach for constructing and maintaining networks with the main goal of making the network open and programmable. This allows the achievement of specific network behavior by updating and install...
This study focuses on the problem of attack quantification in distribution automation systems (DASs) and proposes a quantitative model of attacks based on the common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) and attack trees (ATs) to conduct a quantitative...
Systems that integrate cyber and physical aspects to create cyber-physical systems (CPS) are becoming increasingly complex, but demonstrating the security of CPS is hard and security is frequently compromised. These compromises can lead to safety fai...
Forests play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance, making accurate forest monitoring technologies essential. Remote sensing point cloud data always capture distinctive geometric features of forests, including the cylindrical symmetry of tre...
Attacks using Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and their JavaScript (JS) code content to perpetrate malicious activities on the Internet are rampant and continuously evolving. Methods such as blocklisting, client honeypots, domain reputation inspecti...
Illegal software manipulation is one of the biggest issues in software security. This includes the legally relevant software which are now crucial modules in weight and measuring instruments such as weighbridges. Despite the advancement and complexit...
The increasing reliance on digital and automated systems in the maritime industry has introduced significant cybersecurity risks to ship operations. While prior research has examined cyber risk management, systematic modeling of attack scenarios rema...
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are destructive wood-boring insects of horticultural trees. We evaluated long-lasting insecticide netting for protecting stems against ambrosia beetles. Container-grown eastern redbud, Cercis c...
Cerambycidae Diastocera trifasciata attacks were studied from October 2015 to September 2017 in three cashew tree orchards in the locality of Brobo in central Côte d’Ivoire. One hundred fifty-three (153) cashew trees, arranged on a diagon...
With the rapidly increasing demands of e-government systems in smart cities, a myriad of challenges and issues are required to be addressed. Among them, security is one of the prime concerns. To this end, we analyze different e-government systems and...
Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) is a species of economic interest and an outstanding study model. The aspen borer (Saperda calcarata) causes irreversible damage to poplars and other riparian species in North America. The insect can produce mul...
Low-rate denial of service (LDoS) attacks reduce the quality of network service by sending periodical packet bursts to the bottleneck routers. It is difficult to detect by counter-DoS mechanisms due to its stealthy and low average attack traffic beha...
Heart disease is the leading cause of death across the world. However, such an early prediction of heart attacks can save lives if clinical data are used to predict it accurately. For this, we use four machine learning models: Naive Bayes, Decision T...
Several malware variants have attacked systems and data over time. Ransomware is among the most harmful malware since it causes huge losses. In order to get a ransom, ransomware is software that locks the victim’s machine or encrypts his person...
As robotic systems become more integrated into our daily lives, there is growing concern about cybersecurity. Robots used in areas such as autonomous driving, surveillance, surgery, home assistance, and industrial automation can be vulnerable to cybe...
SQL injection attacks are one of the most common types of attacks on Web applications. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in an application’s database access mechanisms, allowing attackers to execute unauthorized SQL queries. In this study,...
Cyber Security Incident Response (IR) playbooks are used to capture the steps required to recover from a cyber intrusion. Intrusion modelling focuses on a specific potential cyber intrusion and is used to identify where and what countermeasures are n...
In recent years, the misuse of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a significant issue. This paper focuses on a specific attack method known as the greedy coordinate gradient (GCG) jailbreak attack, which compels LLMs to generate responses be...
In this study, a deep learning-based attack detection model is proposed to address the problem of system disturbances in energy systems caused by natural events like storms and tornadoes or human-made events such as cyber-attacks. The proposed model...
With the rapid development of information and communication technology, the intelligent transformation process of traditional power grid continues to accelerate. As an important innovation in the field of power service, smart grid completely revoluti...
Multiple factors, including global climate change and rising sea levels, increase the frequency and intensity of seawater intrusion. However, most previous studies have not regarded seawater intrusion as a typical accident for systematic safety risk...
Advancing climate change is affecting the health and vitality of forests in many parts of the world. Europe is currently facing spruce bark beetle outbreaks, which are most often caused by wind disturbances, hot summers, or lack of rainfall and are h...
This paper presents the differential cryptanalysis of ARX based cipher Chaskey using tree search based heuristic approach. ARX algorithms are suitable for resource-constrained devices such as IoT and very resistant to standard cryptanalysis such as l...
As threat vectors and adversarial capabilities evolve, Cloud-Assisted Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CCAVs) are becoming more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Several established threat analysis and risk assessment (TARA) methodologies are publicly av...
As security breaches are increasingly widely reported in today’s culture, cybersecurity is gaining attention on a global scale. Threat modeling methods (TMM) are a proactive security practice that is essential for pinpointing risks and limiting...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly evolved into a central component of today’s technological landscape, enabling seamless connectivity and communication among a vast array of devices. It underpins automation, real-time monitoring, and sma...
As the demand for maritime transportation of power battery shipping containers grows rapidly, the incidence of fire accidents has increased in tandem. However, most studies focus on analyzing fire causes through the thermal runaway mechanism; few ana...
Weapon systems have transitioned from hardware-centered designs to software-driven platforms, introducing new cybersecurity risks, including software manipulation and cyberattacks. To address these challenges, this study proposes an improved manufact...
Right from the beginning, attendance has played an important role in the education systems, not only in student success but in the overall interest of the matter. Although all schools try to accentuate good attendance, still some schools find it hard...
Software is behind the technological solutions that deliver many services to our society, which means that software security should not be considered a desirable feature anymore but more of a necessity. Protection of software is an endless labor that...
The European spruce bark beetle is a major disturbance agent in Norway spruce forests in Europe, and with a changing climate it is predicted that damage will increase. To prevent the bark beetle population buildup, and to limit further spread during...
Bark beetles and their associated fungi kill trees readily, but we often ignore which organism is the leading cause of tree mortality. While phloem feeding beetles inhibit photosynthate transport, their associated fungi block the tracheids disrupting...
The invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is established in east-central North America. A replicated case study testing the effectiveness of silvicultural treatments for reducing the number of S. noctilio attacked trees in a stand...
Bark beetle infestations and other natural disturbances have increasingly affected Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests across Europe resulting in devaluation and decreased applicability of woody biomass of such trees. The aim of this rese...
Client puzzle protocols are widely adopted mechanisms for defending against resource exhaustion denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Among the simplest puzzles used by such protocols, there are cryptographic challenges requiring the finding of hash value...
Although the risk assessment discipline has been studied from long ago as a means to support security investment decision-making, no holistic approach exists to continuously and quantitatively analyze cyber risks in scenarios where attacks and defens...
Intrusion detection systems face challenges in processing high-volume network traffic while maintaining accuracy across diverse low volume attack types. This study presents a hybrid approach combining ARIMA time series forecasting with Decision Tree...
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are an important tool to mitigate cybersecurity threats in the ICT infrastructures. Preferable properties of the IDSs are the optimization of the attack detection accuracy and the minimization of the computing resou...
The non-native invasive box-tree moth Cydalima perspectalis causes severe damage to ornamental box trees (Buxus spp.) and natural boxwood stands. So far, no promising natural enemy of C. perspectalis has been discovered in Europe. Many garden owners...
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, which play a critical role in monitoring, managing, and controlling industrial processes, face flexibility, scalability, and management difficulties arising from traditional network structures...
The smart grid is one of the core technologies that enable sustainable economic and social developments. In recent years, various cyber attacks have targeted smart grid systems, which have led to severe, harmful consequences. It would be challenging...
The development of cyber-assured systems is a challenging task, particularly due to the cost and complexities associated with the modern hybrid networks architectures, as well as the recent advancements in cloud computing. For this reason, the early...
In recent years, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have increasingly shown the trend of multiattack vector composites, which has significantly improved the concealment and success rate of DDoS attacks. Therefore, improving the ubiquitous d...
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) occurs across several regions of Türkiye and occasionally damages beehives near rural settlements. This study examines temporal data and the spatial arrangement of beehive damage incidents recorded in the Ilgaz dist...
The increasing reliance on smart grid communication systems has significantly raised the demand for robust cybersecurity measures to defend against advanced threats. This paper proposes a two-tier classification framework to enhance the detection and...
Portable document format (PDF) files are one of the most universally used file types. This has incentivized hackers to develop methods to use these normally innocent PDF files to create security threats via infection vector PDF files. This is usually...
Bark beetle outbreaks damage forests and kill trees worldwide, but many aspects of their dynamics remain unexplained. Our aim was to identify predictors for individual tree deaths within the small (0.7 km2) Plešné Lake catchment in the...
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